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1 Health at a Glance 2017 OECD INDICATORSH ealth at a 111/3/ 2017 3:25:34 PMThis work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or cite this publication as:OECD ( 2017 ), Health at a Glance 2017 : OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, 978-92-64-28039-7 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-28040-3 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-64-28088-5 (epub)Series: Health at a Glance ISSN 1995-3992 (print) ISSN 1999-1312 (online)The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.

2 The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international credits: Cover to OECD publications may be found on line at: OECD 2017 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at or the Centre fran ais d exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at at a 211/3/ 2017 3:25:34 PMHEAlTH AT A Glance 2017 OECD 20173 FOREWORDF orewordHealth at a Glance 2017 presents the latest comparable data and trends on key indicators of Health outcomes and Health systems across the 35 OECD member countries.

3 These indicators shed light on the performance of Health systems, with indicators reflecting Health outcomes, non-medical determinants of Health , the degree of access to care, the quality of care provided, and the financial and material resources devoted to Health . For a subset of indicators, data are reported for partner countries, including Brazil, China, Colombia, Cost Rica, India, Indonesia, Lithuania, the Russian Federation and South production of Health at a Glance would not have been possible without the contribution of OECD Health Data National Correspondents, Health Accounts Experts, and Health Care Quality Indicators Experts from the 35 OECD countries. The OECD gratefully acknowledges their effort in supplying most of the data contained in this publication. The OECD also acknowledges the contribution of other international organisations, especially the World Health Organization and Eurostat, for sharing some of the data presented here, and the European Commission for supporting data development publication was prepared by a team from the OECD Health Division under the coordination of Chris James.

4 Chapter 1 was prepared by Chris James and Alberto Marino; Chapter 2 by Chris James and Marion Devaux; Chapter 3 by Eileen Rocard, Chris James, Marie-Cl mence Canaud and Emily Hewlett; Chapter 4 by Sahara Graf, Marion Devaux and Michele Cecchini; Chapter 5 by Alberto Marino, Chris James, Rie Fujisawa, Akiko Maeda, David Morgan and Eileen Rocard; Chapter 6 by Ian Brownwood, Fr d ric Daniel, Rie Fujisawa, Rabia Khan, Michael Padget and Niek Klazinga; Chapter 7 by David Morgan, Michael Mueller and Michael Gmeinder; Chapter 8 by Akiko Maeda, Ga lle Balestat and Michael Gmeinder; Chapter 9 by Chris James, Ga lle Balestat and Alberto Marino; Chapter 10 by Rabia Khan, Ga lle Balestat, Marie-Cl mence Canaud, Michael Mueller, Martin Wenzl, Chris James and Val rie Paris; Chapter 11 by Tim Muir, Eileen Rocard, Michael Mueller and Elina Suzuki. The OECD databases used in this publication are managed by Ga lle Balestat, Ian Brownwood, Marie-Cl mence Canaud, Fr d ric Daniel, Michael Gmeinder, Ga tan Lafortune and David country comments improved the quality of this publication, as did comments from Francesca Colombo, Ga tan Lafortune, Mark Pearson and Stefano Scarpetta.

5 Format and editing support from Marl ne Mohier, Kate Lancaster and Andrew Esson are also gratefully at a 311/3/ 2017 3:25:34 PMHealth at a 411/3/ 2017 3:25:34 PM5 TABlE OF CONTENTSHEAlTH AT A Glance 2017 OECD 2017 Table of contentsExecutive summary .. 9 Reader s guide.. 13 Chapter 1. Indicator overview: OECD snapshots and country dashboards .. 17 OECD snapshots and country dashboards.. 18 Health status .. 20 Risk factors for Health .. 23 Access to care.. 25 Quality and outcomes of care .. 27 Health care resources .. 29 Chapter 2. What has driven life expectancy gains in recent decades? A cross-country analysis of OECD member states.. 31 Introduction.. 32 Understanding the determinants of Health .. 33 Gains in life expectancy over time reflect increased Health spending, healthier lifestyles and improving socio-economic conditions.

6 34 Unpacking the mechanisms by which socio-economic factors and a person s living environment affect Health is essential for policy .. 39 Conclusion .. 41 Notes.. 42 References .. 42 Chapter 3. Health status.. 47life expectancy at birth .. 48life expectancy by sex and education level.. 50 Main causes of mortality .. 52 Mortality from circulatory diseases .. 54 Mortality from cancer .. 56 Infant Health .. 58 Mental Health .. 60 Perceived Health status.. 62 Cancer incidence.. 64 Diabetes prevalence .. 66 Chapter 4. Risk factors for Health .. 69 Smoking among adults.. 70 Alcohol consumption among adults .. 72 Smoking and alcohol consumption among children.. 74 Healthy lifestyles among adults .. 76 Health at a 511/3/ 2017 3:25:35 PM6 TABlE OF CONTENTSHEAlTH AT A Glance 2017 OECD 2017 Healthy lifestyles among children.

7 78 Overweight and obesity among adults.. 80 Overweight and obesity among children.. 82 Air pollution.. 84 Chapter 5. Access to care .. 87 Population coverage for Health care .. 88 Unmet needs for Health care due to cost.. 90 Out-of-pocket medical expenditure .. 92 Geographic distribution of doctors .. 94 Waiting times for elective surgery .. 96 Chapter 6. Quality and outcomes of care .. 99 Patient experience with ambulatory care .. 100 Prescribing in primary care .. 102 Avoidable hospital admissions .. 104 Diabetes care .. 106 Mortality following ischaemic stroke .. 108 Mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) .. 110 Hospital mortality rates .. 112 Waiting times for hip fracture surgery .. 114 Surgical complications .. 116 Obstetric trauma .. 118 Care for people with mental Health disorders .. 120 Screening, survival and mortality for breast cancer.

8 122 Survival and mortality for colorectal cancer.. 124 Survival and mortality for leukaemia in children .. 126 Vaccinations.. 128 Chapter 7. Health expenditure .. 131 Health expenditure per capita.. 132 Health expenditure in relation to GDP.. 134 Financing of Health care.. 136 Sources of Health care financing.. 138 Health expenditure by type of service .. 140 Health expenditure by provider.. 142 Capital expenditure in the Health sector .. 144 Chapter 8. Health workforce .. 147 Health and social care workforce .. 148 Doctors (overall number) .. 150 Doctors by age, sex and category .. 152 Medical graduates.. 154 Remuneration of doctors (general practitioners and specialists).. 156 Nurses.. 158 Nursing graduates.. 160 Remuneration of nurses.. 162 Foreign-trained doctors and nurses .. 164 Health at a 611/3/ 2017 3:25:35 PM7 TABlE OF CONTENTSHEAlTH AT A Glance 2017 OECD 2017 Chapter 9.

9 Health care activities.. 167 Consultations with doctors .. 168 Medical technologies .. 170 Hospital beds .. 172 Hospital discharges .. 174 Average length of stay in hospitals .. 176 Hip and knee replacement .. 178 Caesarean sections .. 180 Ambulatory surgery .. 182 Chapter 10. Pharmaceutical sector.. 185 Pharmaceutical expenditure .. 186 Pharmacists and pharmacies .. 188 Pharmaceutical consumption .. 190 Generics and biosimilars .. 192 Research and development in the pharmaceutical sector .. 194 Chapter 11. Ageing and long-term care.. 197 Demographic trends .. 198life expectancy and healthy life expectancy at age 65 .. 200 Self-reported Health and disability at age 65.. 202 Dementia prevalence .. 204 Recipients of long-term care .. 206 Informal carers .. 208long-term care workers .. 210long-term care beds in institutions and hospitals.. 212long-term care expenditure.

10 214 Look for the StatLinks2at the bottom of the tables or graphs in this book. To download the matching Excel spreadsheet, just type the link into your Internet browser, starting with the pre x, or click on the link from the e-book OECD Publications on:This book service that delivers Excel les from the printed page! OECDA lertsHealth at a 711/3/ 2017 3:25:36 PMHealth at a 811/3/ 2017 3:25:36 PMHealth at a Glance 2017 OECD 20179 Health AT A Glance 2017 OECD 2017 Executive summaryHealth at a Glance 2017 presents up-to-date cross-country comparisons of the Health status of populations and Health system performance in OECD and partner countries. Alongside indicator-by-indicator analysis, this edition offers snapshots and dashboard indicators that summarise the comparative performance of countries, and a special chapter on the main factors driving life expectancy OECD countries have universal Health coverage systems which promote equitable access for needed Health services.