HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY; TENTH EDITION

1 HEALTH . PSYCHOLOGY. 10E. Shelley E. Taylor HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY. TENTH EDITION . SHELLEY E. TAYLOR. University of California, Los Angeles HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, TENTH EDITION . Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright 2018 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions 2015, 2012, and 2009. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.

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3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Taylor, Shelley E., author. Title: HEALTH psychology / Shelley Taylor, University of California, Los Angeles. Description: TENTH EDITION . | New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education, [2018] |. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Identifiers: LCCN 2016044904| ISBN 9781259870477 | ISBN 1259870472. Subjects: LCSH: Clinical HEALTH psychology. | Medicine, Psychosomatic. | BISAC: PSYCHOLOGY / General. Classification: LCC .T39 2017 | DDC dc23. LC record available at The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw- Hill Education does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

4 For Nathaniel v ABOUT THE AUTHOR. SHELLEY E. TAYLOR is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. She received her in social psychol- ogy from Yale University. After a visiting professorship at Yale and assistant and associate professorships at Harvard University, she joined the faculty of UCLA. Her research interests concern the psychological and social factors that promote or compromise mental and physical HEALTH across the life span. Professor Taylor is the recipient of a number of awards most notably, the American Psychological Association's Distinguished Scientific Contribution to Psychology Award, a 10-year Research Scientist Development Award from the National Institute of Mental HEALTH , and an Outstanding Scientific Contribution Award in HEALTH Psy- chology.

5 She is the author of more than 350 publications in journals and books and is the author of Social Cognition, Social Psychology, Positive Illusions, and The Tending Instinct. She is a member of the National Academies of Science and the National Academy of Medicine. vi CONTENTS. PREFACE XV. PA R T 1. INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 1. CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2. What Is HEALTH Psychology? 2 The Systems of the Body 14. Definition of HEALTH Psychology 3 The Nervous System 15. Why Did HEALTH Psychology Develop? 3 Overview 15. The Mind-Body Relationship: A Brief History 4 The Brain 15. B O X Costs of War to the Brain 17. The Rise of the Biopsychosocial Method 5. The Role of Neurotransmitters 17. Psychosomatic Medicine 5 Disorders of the Nervous System 17. Advantages of the Biopsychosocial Model 5. The Endocrine System 19.

6 Clinical Implications of the Biopsychosocial Model 6 Overview 19. The Biopsychosocial Model: The Case History of The Adrenal Glands 19. Nightmare Deaths 6 Disorders Involving the Endocrine System 19. The Need for HEALTH Psychology 6 The Cardiovascular System 20. Changing Patterns of Illness 7 Overview 20. Advances in Technology and Research 8 The Heart 20. Expanded HEALTH Care Services 8 Disorders of the Cardiovascular System 21. Increased Medical Acceptance 9 Blood Pressure 22. The Blood 22. HEALTH Psychology Research 9. The Respiratory System 23. The Role of theory in Research 9. Experiments 10 Overview 23. Correlational Studies 10 The Structure and Functions of the Respiratory Prospective and Retrospective Designs 10 System 23. The Role of Epidemiology in HEALTH Psychology 11 Disorders Associated with the Respiratory System 24.

7 Methodological Tools 11 Dealing with Respiratory Disorders 25. Qualitative Research 12. What Is HEALTH Psychology Training For? 12. vii viii Contents The Digestive System and the Metabolism of Food 25 Genetics and HEALTH 29. Overview 25 Overview 29. The Functioning of the Digestive System 25 Genetics and Susceptibility to Disorders 29. Disorders of the Digestive System 25 The Immune System 31. The Renal System 27 Overview 31. Overview 27 Infection 31. Disorders of the Renal System 27 The Course of Infection 31. B O X Portraits of Two Carriers 32. The Reproductive System 28. Immunity 32. Overview 28. Disorders Related to the Immune System 34. The Ovaries and Testes 28. Fertilization and Gestation 28. Disorders of the Reproductive System 28. PA R T 2. HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND PRIMARY PREVENTION 37. CHAPTER 3 B O X Classical Conditioning 52.

8 HEALTH Behaviors 38 B O X Operant Conditioning 53. B O X Modeling 54. An Introduction to HEALTH Behaviors 39. Social Skills and Relaxation Training 54. Role of Behavioral Factors in Disease and Motivational Interviewing 54. Disorder 39 Relapse Prevention 55. HEALTH Promotion: An Overview 39 Evaluation of CBT 56. HEALTH Behaviors and HEALTH Habits 39 The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change 56. Practicing and Changing HEALTH Behaviors: Stages of Change 56. An Overview 40 Using the Stage Model of Change 57. Barriers to Modifying Poor HEALTH Behaviors 41. Intervening with Children and Adolescents 42 Changing HEALTH Behaviors Through Social Intervening with At-Risk People 43 Engineering 58. HEALTH Promotion and Older Adults 44 Venues for HEALTH -Habit Modification 59. Ethnic and Gender Differences in HEALTH Risks The Practitioner's Office 59.

9 And Habits 45 The Family 59. Changing HEALTH Habits 45 self -Help Groups 60. Attitude Change and HEALTH Behavior 45 Schools 60. The HEALTH Belief Model 47 Workplace Interventions 60. The theory of Planned Behavior 47 Community-Based Interventions 60. Criticisms of Attitude Theories 49 The Mass Media 61. self Regulation and HEALTH Behavior 49 Cellular Phones and Landlines 61. self Determination theory 49 The Internet 61. Implementation Intentions 49. HEALTH Behavior Change and the Brain 50 CHAPTER 4. HEALTH -Promoting Behaviors 64. Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to HEALTH Behavior Change 50 Exercise 65. Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) 50 Benefits of Exercise 65. self -Monitoring 50 Determinants of Regular Exercise 66. Stimulus Control 51 Exercise Interventions 67. The self -Control of Behavior 51. Contents ix Accident Prevention 68 Evaluation of Cognitive-Behavioral Weight-Loss Home and Workplace Accidents 68 Techniques 90.

10 Motorcycle and Automobile Accidents 69 Taking a Public HEALTH Approach 90. Vaccinations and Screening 69 Eating Disorders 91. Vaccinations 70 Anorexia Nervosa 91. B O X The Barbie Beauty Battle 92. Screenings 70. Bulimia 93. Colorectal Cancer Screening 71. Binge Eating Disorder 94. Sun Safety Practices 71. Alcoholism and Problem Drinking 94. Developing a Healthy Diet 72. The Scope of the Problem 94. Changing Diet 73 What Is Substance Dependence? 95. Resistance to Modifying Diet 73 Alcoholism and Problem Drinking 95. Sleep 75 Origins of Alcoholism and Problem Drinking 95. What Is Sleep? 75 Treatment of Alcohol Abuse 96. Sleep and HEALTH 75 Treatment Programs 97. B O X After the Fall of the Berlin Wall 97. Rest, Renewal, Savoring 76. B O X A Profile of Alcoholics Anonymous 98. B O X The Drinking College Student 99.