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1 HYDROCARBON MANAGEMENTHM 40 Guidelines FOR THE crude OIL WASHING OFSHIPS TANKS AND THE HEATING OF crude OILBEING TRANSPORTED BY SEAHYDROCARBON MANAGEMENTHM 40 Guidelines FOR THE crude OIL WASHING OFSHIPS TANKS AND THE HEATING OF crude OILBEING TRANSPORTED BY SEA2nd editionJune 2004 Published byENERGY INSTITUTE, LONDONThe Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003 Registered charity number 1097899 The Energy Institute gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions towards the scientific andtechnical programme from the following companies:Amerada Hess LtdBG GroupBHP Billiton LimitedBP Exploration Operating Co LtdBP Oil UK LtdChevronTexaco LtdConocoPhillips LtdConoco UK LtdENIE nterprise Oil plcExxonMobil International LtdKerr-McGee North Sea (UK) LtdKuwait Petroleum International LtdMurco Petroleum LtdShell UK Oil Products LimitedShell Exploration and Production LtdStatoil ( ) LimitedTalisman Energy (UK) LtdTotal E&P UK plcTotal UK LimitedCopyright 2004 by the Energy Institute, London.

2 The Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter charity number 1097899, EnglandAll rights reservedNo part of this book may be reproduced by any means, or transmitted or translated into a machine language without thewritten permission of the information contained in this publication is provided as guidance only and while every reasonable care has been takento ensure the accuracy of its contents, the Energy Institute cannot accept any responsibility for any action taken, or nottaken, on the basis of this information. The Energy Institute shall not be liable to any person for any loss or damage whichmay arise from the use of any of the information contained in any of its above disclaimer is not intended to restrict or exclude liability for death or personal injury caused by own 0 85293 422 XPublished by the Energy InstituteFurther copies can be obtained from Portland Customer Services, Commerce Way, Whitehall Industrial Estate, Colchester CO2 8HP, UK.

3 Tel: +44 (0) 1206 796 351email: ix1 Introduction and 33 Glossary of 54 crude oil washing and heating information .. viscosity crude oils .. paraffinic crude oils .. crude heating .. stage .. oil washing .. Instructions to ships masters .. 115 Key to crude oil data sheets (Annex D).. oil type .. date .. gravity .. vapour pressure (RVP).. to wax .. point .. point (calc).. viscosity .. Load, carriage and discharge temperatures .. COW Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) .. 15viContents Benzene .. Remarks .. 156 Safety precautions when handling petroleum sulfide (H2S) .. 177 Calculation point (calc).. 20 Annex A - IP crude oil data submission 23 General information .. 23IP crude oil data submission 24 Annex B - Climatic charts of the 25 General information and copyright.

4 25 Figure : Mean sea surface temperature - 26 Figure : Mean sea surface temperature - 27 Figure : Mean air temperature - February .. 28 Figure : Mean air temperature - 29 Annex C - Comments on the handling of some crude 31 Experiences with crude oils considered difficult to handle .. 31 Annex D - crude oil 33 crude oil data .. codes .. oil data sheets (landscape format) .. 36viiFOREWORDThe EI Hydrocarbon Management Advisory Group is responsible for the production and maintenance of standardsand guides covering various aspects of static and dynamic measurement of petroleum. The HydrocarbonManagement Committee 4B (HMC 4B), deals with the measurement and loss of crude oil and oil products beingtransported within the marine environment, taking into consideration contractual constraints imposed by charterers,cargo owners, ship owners, and inherent vice of 4B is made up of experts from the oil industry, cargo surveyors, ship owners and representatives from marineterminals.

5 It is a truly international committee with representatives from most Western European countries, theMiddle East, and North and South America and China. Equipment manufacturers and experts having specificknowledge of measurement techniques are often invited to present papers to the EI maintains liaison with parallel working groups of the American Petroleum Institute s Committee onPetroleum Measurement, and other organizations concerned with quantitative measurement in other countries andin other IP Hydrocarbon Management Guides are widely used by the petroleum industry and have received recognitionin many countries by consumers and the authorities. In order to promote their wide adoption internationally, it isthe policy to submit selected standards via the British Standards Institute to the International StandardsOrganisation s technical committee TC- 28 Petroleum Products and Lubricants, as potential International full list of the IP Hydrocarbon Management Guides is available on request from the Energy IP Hydrocarbon Management Guides are recommended for general adoption but should be read and interpretedin conjunction with weights and measures, safety, customs and excise and other regulations in force in a particularcountry in which they are to be applied.

6 Such regulatory requirements have precedence over corresponding clausesin the IP document except where the requirements of the latter are more rigorous, when its use is it is believed that adoption of the recommendations of this code will assist the user, the Energy Institutecannot accept any responsibility, of whatsoever kind, for damage or alleged damage arising or otherwise occurringon vessels or in or about premises where this document has been crude oil properties given in this document have been reproduced from data submitted to HMC 4B. At the timeof submission the organizations supplying the information considered it to be correct; however the Energy Instituteis not responsible for any inaccuracies or variations in the data which may subsequently become of these Guidelines are invited to send comments, suggestions, or details of experience with this issue to:Technical DepartmentHydrocarbon Management SectionEnergy Institute61 New Cavendish StreetLondonW1G 7 ARixACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe following members of the Energy Institute Hydrocarbon Management Committee 4B have been associated withthe production of this edition of these Guidelines .

7 P RooneyConoco (Chairman)G DeliseSunocoL P BrobergScanraffA CriscuoloENIG FerraroERG PetroliG DefilippoMarathon AshlandM DruryBPJ FoxwellShellU DockertyShellE GarsettiSarasP HarrisonConsultant (Secretary)P HebbIFIAA HernandezRepsolA KayIFIAJ L KerdilesTotalS LinChinese Petroleum CorporationR LuckritzExxonMobilP MonteverdeENIA NatoliSarasJ NoxonAPIJ OsmundsenStatoilK SlagleExxonMobilR TolmanChevron TexacoJ VoeltzEuropean Terminals (TAL)C YamamotoPemexEditorial:J PhippsConsultantSpecial Thanks:HMSOF igures reproduced in Annex B. Crown copyright is reproduced with the kind permissionof the Controller of Her Majesty s Stationery NichollsThe Committee wishes to thank Mr B Nicholls in particular for his extensive affiliations are those at the time the document was being AND SCOPEMARPOL regulations regarding crude Oil Washing(COW) were introduced into the shipping industry inthe late 1970s.

8 The purpose of these regulations was toreduce the chances of marine pollution by reducing theneed for water washing ships tanks after discharge ofcargo. Notwithstanding anything written hereunder, thecurrent MARPOL regulations should be adhered of the older IMO resolutions regarding thespecifications for design, operation and control of crudeoil washing systems 'recognizes that furtherimprovement may be required in the specifications,taking into account the development of technology inthis field and in the light of experience gained'.This publication has been compiled with the aim ofsharing the experiences of the oil companiesrepresented on committee HMC 4B with other branchesof the oil industry; and to provide guidance with regardto the carriage, heating and crude oil washing of thedifferent crude oils.

9 Some of the companies on thecommittee also operate tanker fleets thus enabling thedata to be reviewed by the marine industry at this second edition to remain current there isprovision for users to send data and recommendationsto the EI on the form provided in Annex A. A table ofcrude oil properties can be found in Annex D. Thisannex is replicated on the HMC 4B website which canbe found on Neither set of datashould be used without consulting the remainingchapters in this crude oils have been listed in alphabeticalorder. Against each crude is a set of characteristicsobtained from a number of different assays. Many ofthe characteristics are given as a range which reflectsthe differences found in the base data. No single valuein this guide should be considered as absolute. Thecarriage and discharge temperatures were generallyobtained from current oil company , where there has been no information theremay be a temperature, the choice of which has beenbased on experiences of crude oils with similarproperties.

10 Further explanation is given in Section handling of crude oil is paramount in theindustry. The committee has obtained some informationon both hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and benzene further explanation can be found in Section 5,with safety precautions highlighted in Section document provides Guidelines for the heatingand crude Oil Washing (COW) of many crude oils inthe world that may be transported by well as enhancing the current regulationsregarding reducing marine pollution, the document isalso designed to advise the reader on the grades ofcrude oil that may give rise to an increase in VolatileOrganic Compounds (VOC) emissions if excessivelyused for document also highlights a number of crudeoils that are known to be potentially harmful due toconcentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)