HOLT MCDOUGAL Social Studies United States History

1 HOLT MCDOUGALS ocial StudiesUnited States Historyand New York HistoryBeginnings to 1877 New York Interactive Readerand Study GuideCopyright by Holt MCDOUGAL , a division of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights : No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, and recording, or by any infor-mation storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Holt MCDOUGAL unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law.

2 Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to the following address: Permissions Department, Holt MCDOUGAL , 10801 N. MoPac Expressway, Building 3, Austin, Texas using HOLT MCDOUGAL United States History may photocopy complete pages in sufficient quantities for classroom use only and not for MCDOUGAL is a trademark of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing : 978-0-55-402466-0 ISBN-10: 0-55-402466-71 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 082 12 11 10 09 08If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Holt, Rinehart and Winston retains title to the materials and they not be resold.

3 Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited and is of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic 1 The World before the Opening of the AtlanticChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer .. 1 Sec .. 2 Sec .. 4 Sec .. 6 Sec .. 8 Chapter 2 New Empires in the AmericasChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer .. 10 Sec .. 11 Sec .. 13 Sec .. 15 Sec .. 17 Sec .. 19 Chapter 3 The English ColoniesChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer.

4 21 Sec .. 22 Sec .. 24 Sec .. 26 Sec .. 28 Sec .. 30 Chapter 4 The American RevolutionChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer .. 32 Sec .. 33 Sec .. 35 Sec .. 37 Sec .. 39 Chapter 5 Forming a GovernmentChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer .. 41 Sec .. 42 Sec .. 44 Sec .. 46 Sec .. 48 Chapter 6 Citizenship and the ConstitutionChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer .. 50 Sec .. 51 Sec .. 53 Sec .. 55 Chapter 7 Launching the NationChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer .. 57 Sec .. 58 Sec.

5 60 Sec .. 62 Sec .. 64 Chapter 8 The Jefferson EraChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer .. 66 Sec .. 67 Sec .. 69 Sec .. 71 Sec .. 73 Chapter 9 A New National IdentityChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer .. 75 Sec .. 76 Sec .. 78 Sec .. 80 Chapter 10 The Age of JacksonChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer .. 82 Sec .. 83 Sec .. 85 Sec .. 87 Chapter 11 Expanding WestChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer .. 89 Sec .. 90 Sec .. 92 Sec .. 94 Sec .. 96 Chapter 12 The NorthChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer.

6 98 Sec .. 99 Sec .. 101 Sec .. 103 Sec .. 105 Chapter 13 The SouthChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 107 Sec .. 108 Sec .. 110 Sec .. 112 Chapter 14 New Movements in AmericaChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 114 Sec .. 115 Sec .. 117 Sec .. 119 Sec .. 121 Sec .. 123 ContentsCopyright Holt MCDOUGAL . All rights reserved. iii Interactive Reader and Study GuideChapter 15 A Divided NationChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer.

7 125 Sec .. 126 Sec .. 128 Sec .. 130 Sec .. 132 Chapter 16 The Civil WarChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 134 Sec .. 135 Sec .. 137 Sec .. 139 Sec .. 141 Sec .. 143 Chapter 17 ReconstructionChapter Opener with Graphic Organizer . 145 Sec .. 146 Sec .. 148 Sec .. 150 Copyright Holt MCDOUGAL . All rights reserved. iv Interactive Reader and Study Guide ContentsName Class DateCHAPTER SUMMARYThe Earliest AmericansNative American CulturesTrading Kingdoms of West AfricaEurope before Transatlantic TravelThe first Americans migrated to the Americas by crossing the _____ during the last Ice Native American cultures

8 Existed in North America before the Europeans controlling trade, three great kingdoms developed in West Africa. These were the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Greeks developed asystem of government called _____, in which people rule early American civilizations were the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and cultures of Native American people varied depending on key part of the West African economy was the _____ the Black Death, the feudal system weakened and a middle class American cultures shared beliefs about religion and Renaissance was a rebirth of arts and AND CRITICAL THINKINGAs you read the section summaries.

9 Fill in the blanks in the graphic organizer above and answer the questions below. 1. Explain What are cultural areas? How did they shape the ways different Native American peoples developed? 2. Compare and Contrast How were the societies that existed in the Old and New Worlds before transatlantic travel similar? How were they different? The World before the Opening of the AtlanticCopyright Holt MCDOUGAL . All rights reserved. 1 Interactive Reader and Study GuideName Class DateThe World before the Opening of the Atlantic Section 1 Key Terms and PeopleBering Land Bridge a strip of land between Asia and present-day Alaska that was exposed by the lower sea levels of the Ice AgePaleo-Indians people believed to have crossed the Bering Land Bridgemigration movement of people or animals from one region to

10 Anotherhunter-gatherers people who obtain food by hunting animals and gathering plantsenvironments climates and landscapes that surround living thingsculture a group s set of common values and traditionsAcademic Vocabularydevelop the process of growing or improvingSection SummaryFIRST MIGRATION TO THE AMERICASMany scientists believe that the first people arrived in North America during the last Ice Age. At that time the environment changed, and large amounts of water froze, forming glaciers. Water levels in the oceans dropped to more than 300 feet lower than they are today.