Hong Kong Poverty Situation

1 hong kong Poverty Situation Report 2O2O. hong kong Poverty Situation Report 2O2O. Government of the hong kong Special Administrative Region Designed by the Information Services Department Government of the hong kong Special Administrative Region hong kong Poverty Situation Report 2O2O. Government of the hong kong Special Administrative Region Office of the Government Economist Census and Statistics Financial Secretary's Office Department November 2021. hong kong Poverty Situation Report 2020. Table of Contents Table of Contents Page Table of Contents i List of Figures iii List of Tables vi Executive Summary vii Chapter 1: Introduction 1. Guiding Principles of the Government in Regard to 1. Poverty Alleviation The Poverty Line and the Poverty Situation Report 1. Government's Efforts in Poverty Alleviation 3. Related Studies under the Poverty Line Framework 9.

2 Structure of Poverty Situation Report 10. Chapter 2: Poverty Situation and Its Trend from 2009 to 2020 11. Major Factors Affecting Poverty Statistics 11. Household Income Distribution 17. The Poverty Line 20. Overall Poverty Situation and Its Trend 21. Poverty Situation of Households and Their Population 30. by Socio-economic Characteristic Key Observations 57. Box Child Poverty Situation 36. Box Youth Poverty Situation 41. Box Support to Poor Households through Direct Payment 47. In-kind for Expenses Provided by Non-household Members Box Poverty Situation of the Elderly 51. Chapter 3: Further Analysis of the 2020 Poverty Situation 60. Poverty Situation by Selected Household Group 61. Impacts of Economic Recession on the Poverty 75. Situations of Working Households and Unemployed Households in 2020. Poverty Situation by District 81.

3 Key Observations 84. A Synopsis of Poverty Situation after Intervention of 91. All Selected Measures by Selected Household Group A Synopsis of Poverty Situation after Intervention of 106. All Selected Measures by District Council District Box Poverty Situation of Single-parent Households and 66. New-arrival Households Box The Situation of At-risk-of- Poverty Households 86. i hong kong Poverty Situation Report 2020. Table of Contents Page Chapter 4: Policy Implications 124. Appendices 1 Poverty Line and Its Analytical Framework 130. 2 Quantitative Indicators of the Poverty Line 138. 3 Policy Intervention - Estimation and Limitations 139. 4 In-kind Transfer from Provision of Public Rental Housing - 148. Estimation and Limitations 5 Income-poor, Owning Property of Certain Value Elders 151. 6 Poverty Situation of Working Persons with Post-secondary 155.

4 Educational Attainment 7 Statistical Appendix 160. Glossary 230. Abbreviations 237. References 238. ii hong kong Poverty Situation Report 2020. List of Figures List of Figures Page Figure Enhanced main analytical framework of the Poverty line 3. Figure Labour market Situation and household income 12. Figure Recurrent government expenditure on social welfare, 2009/10- 14. 2021/22. Figure Estimated average welfare transfer of all selected measures per 15. household, 2009-2020. Figure Population figures by age group and number of households with 16. elders, 2009-2020. Figure Average household size of overall households and the 17. proportion of small households, 2009-2020. Figure Key statistics of pre-intervention (purely theoretical 18. assumption) household income Figure Pre-intervention (purely theoretical assumption) household 19.

5 Income distribution by economic characteristic of households, 2019-2020. Figure Pre- and post-intervention household income distribution, 2020 20. Figure Poverty lines by household size, 2009-2020 21. Figure Poor population and Poverty rate, 2009-2020 23. Figure Poverty alleviation effectiveness of all selected measures, 2009- 24. 2020. Figure Annual total Poverty gaps, 2009-2020 24. Figure Poverty alleviation effectiveness of selected measures, 2019- 27. 2020. Figure Decomposition of changes in the Poverty rate, 2009-2020 30. Figure Poor population, Poverty rate and Poverty alleviation 31. effectiveness by economic characteristic of households, 2009- 2020. Figure Poor population, Poverty rate and Poverty alleviation 33. effectiveness by age, 2009-2020. Figure Poor population, Poverty rate and Poverty alleviation 34. effectiveness by gender, 2009-2020.

6 Figure Poor population, Poverty rate and Poverty alleviation 35. effectiveness by age of household head, 2009-2020. Figure Poor population and Poverty rate of children, 2009-2020 36. Figure Proportion of pre-intervention (purely theoretical assumption) 37. poor children benefitting from selected measures, 2020. Figure Poverty alleviation effectiveness of selected measures on 38. children, 2019-2020. Figure Selected characteristics of poor households with children, 2020 39. Figure Poor population and Poverty rate of the youth, 2009-2020 41. iii hong kong Poverty Situation Report 2020. List of Figures Page Figure Proportion of pre-intervention (purely theoretical assumption) 42. poor youths benefitting from selected measures, 2020. Figure Poverty alleviation effectiveness of selected measures on 43. youths, 2019-2020. Figure Selected household characteristics of poor youths, 2020 43.

7 Figure Poor youths by age and economic activity status, 2020 44. Figure Monthly amount of DPIK for poor households receiving DPIK, 48. 2020. Figure Poor population and Poverty rate of the elderly, 2009-2020 52. Figure Elders by social security scheme coverage, 2015-2020 53. Figure Poverty alleviation effectiveness of selected measures on elders, 54. 2019-2020. Figure Poor elders by age, 2020 55. Figure Selected household groups by socio-economic and housing 60. characteristic and age of household head under the analytical framework Figure Poverty rate, poor population and Poverty alleviation 63. effectiveness by selected socio-economic group, 2020. Figure Annual changes in the pre- and post- intervention Poverty rates 65. by selected socio-economic group, 2020. Figure Poor population and Poverty rates of single-parent households 66.

8 And new-arrival households, 2009-2020. Figure Proportion of pre-intervention (purely theoretical assumption) 67. single-parent and new-arrival poor households benefitting from selected measures, 2020. Figure Poverty alleviation effectiveness of selected measures on 68. single-parent and new-arrival households, 2020. Figure Selected characteristics of single-parent and new-arrival poor 68. households, 2020. Figure Poverty rate, poor population and Poverty alleviation 71. effectiveness by housing type, 2020. Figure Selected socio-economic characteristics of poor households by 73. housing type, 2020. Figure Poverty rate, poor population and Poverty alleviation 74. effectiveness by age of household head, 2020. Figure Number of economically active households and proportion of 76. working households by number of full-time working members Figure Pre-intervention (purely theoretical assumption) Poverty rate 77.

9 And increase in poor population by economic characteristic of households, 2020. Figure Annual changes in the number of pre-intervention (purely 78. theoretical assumption) unemployed poor persons by selected characteristic, 2020. iv hong kong Poverty Situation Report 2020. List of Figures Page Figure Changes in the number of pre-intervention (purely theoretical 79. assumption) working poor persons and their employment earnings, 2020. Figure Poverty alleviation effectiveness of selected measures on 80. working households, 2019-2020. Figure Poverty rate and poor population by District Council district, 81. 2020. Figure The proportion of poor households receiving CSSA and residing 82. in PRH, and the Poverty alleviation impact by District Council district, 2020. Figure At-risk-of- Poverty rate and Poverty rate, 2009-2020 87. Figure Number of persons residing in post-intervention (all selected 87.)

10 Measures) at-risk-of- Poverty households, 2019-2020. Figure Poverty lines by household size, 2009-2020 130. Figure Schematic representation of pre- and post-intervention 133. household income Figure Schematic representation of the Poverty line and its analytical 134. framework Figure Poverty alleviation effectiveness of selected measures, 2019- 145. 2020. Figure Poor population and Poverty rate under different types of 146. household income, 2009-2020. Figure Poor elders by whether receiving CSSA and economic activity 151. status, 2020. Figure Poor elders residing in non-CSSA households by social security 152. scheme coverage and housing type, 2020. Figure Poor elders residing in non-CSSA households by housing type 153. and whether they owned property of certain value, 2020. Figure Selected characteristics of income-poor, owning property of 154.