How to measure Ammonia and Organic Nitrogen: Kjeldahl …

1 World Bank & Government of The Netherlands fundedTraining module # WQ - 38 How to measure Ammonia andOrganic nitrogen : KjeldahlMethodNew Delhi, March 2000 CSMRS Building, 4th Floor, Olof Palme Marg, Hauz Khas,New Delhi 11 00 16 IndiaTel: 68 61 681 / 84 Fax: (+ 91 11) 68 61 685E-Mail: Consultants BV & DELFT HYDRAULICS withHALCROW, TAHAL, CES, ORG & JPSHP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 1 Table of contentsPage1 Module context22 Module profile33 Session plan44 Overhead/flipchart master55 Evaluation sheets166 Handout187 Additional handout228 Main text24HP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 21.

2 Module contextThis module deals with the significance of nitrogen to water quality and Kjeldahl method formeasuring Ammonia and Organic nitrogen . Modules in which prior training is required tocomplete this module successfully and other available, related modules in this category arelisted in the table designing a training course, the relationship between this module and the otherswould be maintained by keeping them close together in the syllabus and placing them in alogical sequence. The actual selection of the topics and the depth of training would, ofcourse, depend on the training needs of the participants, their knowledge level and skillsperformance upon the start of the water quality conceptsWQ - 01 Discuss the common water qualityparameters List important water quality chemistry conceptsWQ - 02 Convert units from one to another Discuss the basic concepts ofquantitative chemistry Report analytical results with thecorrect number of significant ecology conceptsWQ - 26 Explain how energy flows through anaquatic ecosystem Explain how nutrients are cycled in theenvironment Explain the causes and problems water qualityplanning conceptsWQ - 27 Understand principles of WQmonitoring and

3 Assessment Know of simple data analysis of ion selective probesWQ - 33 Precautions required in use of ionselective spectroscopyWQ - 34 Understand theory and applications ofabsorption to measure OxidisedNitrogen: Cd reductionmethod and UVSpectrophotometric methodsWQ - 37 measure oxidised nitrogen by Cd-reduction and UV spectrophotometricmethods Appreciate limitations of the UVmethodHP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 32. Module profileTitle:How to measure Ammonia and Organic nitrogen : KjeldahlMethodTarget group:HIS function(s): Q2, Q3, Q5, Q6 Duration:1 Theoretical session of 30 min.

4 , plus1 Practical Laboratory session of 120 min, plus1 Report writing session of 30 :After the training the participants will be able to: Understand the relevance of nitrogen to water quality Know how to make analysis of Ammonia and Organic nitrogenby Kjeldahl MethodKey concepts: Kjeldahl titrimetric methodTraining methods:Lecture, Laboratory Analytical Exercise, Report preparationTraining toolsrequired:Board, flipchart, OHS, Complete Laboratory Facilities for Ammoniaand Organic nitrogen AnalysisHandouts:As provided in this module,Including SAP for Analysis of nitrogen , Ammonia and OrganicFurther readingand references: Chemistry for environmental engineers - C. N. Sawyer, P.

5 & G. F. Parkin, McGraw - Hill, Inc., 1994 Standard methods for the examination of water andwastewaters, AWWA, 19th edition, 1995HP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 43. Session planNoActivitiesTimeTools1 Preparations Reagents and glassware for the test Collect samples A, B and C as described in the text2 Introduction: Introduce the session and the subject of Ammonia andorganic nitrogen Discuss the forms of Ammonia found in water Discuss the problems of Ammonia and Organic nitrogenin water and why it is a useful parameter10 minOHS3 Ammonia & Organic nitrogen Methods Describe the basis of the Kjeldahl method in terms of itschemistry.

6 Refer to SAP and allow time to read minOHS, SAP4 Practical Session: Divide the class in working group of 3-4 persons. Allow participants to conduct analysis according to minLaboratory5 Report Writing and wrap up Allow participants to complete their reports Discuss results and discrepancies30 minBoardHP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 54. Overhead/flipchart masterOHS format guidelinesType of textStyleSettingHeadings:OHS-TitleArial 30-36, with bottom border line (not:underline)Text:OHS-lev1 OHS-lev2 Arial 24-26, maximum two levelsCase:Sentence case. Avoid full text in :Use occasionally and in a consistent wayListings:OHS-lev1 OHS-lev1-NumberedBig for definite series of steps.

7 Avoidroman numbers and :None, as these get lost in photocopying andsome colours do not reproduce at of a table will ease horizontal alignmentover more lines (columns)Use equation editor for advanced formattingonlyHP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 6 Ammonia and Organic nitrogen nitrogen cycle- atmospheric fixation precesses, chemical and biochemical- conversion of Ammonia nitrogen into Organic nitrogen - wastes: Organic and Ammonia nitrogen - nitrification and denitrification Ammonia and Organic nitrogen in water bodies is an importantparameter of their Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 7 nitrogen cycle Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen , N2- electrical discharge, chemical production, biological fixation NO3 plants animals death & wastes Waste org.

8 N decomposers NH3 NH3 nitrifiers NO2 & NO3 NO2 & NO3 denitrifiers N2HP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 8 nitrogen and Water quality (1) Water which has been polluted by Organic wastes contains:- Ammonia nitrogen (free gas NH3 or ionic specie NH4+)- Organic nitrogen (proteins, urea) Both forms influence water qualityHP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 9 nitrogen and water quality (2) Ammonia in water can be problematic in two ways:- The free (un-ionised) form (NH3) is toxic to fish- Nitrification of Ammonia removes dissolved oxygen from thewater:NH3 + 2O2 HNO3 + H2 OHP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 10 nitrogen and Water quality (3) Organic nitrogen compounds are:- Excreted by animals or released when animals and plants die- Present in sewage effluents Bacterial decomposition of Organic wastes produces ammoniaHP Training Module File.

9 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 11 Kjeldahl Method (1) Ammonia by distillation followed by titration of distillate withsulphuric acid Organic nitrogen , on the residue from the above, byconversion to Ammonia followed by determination as aboveHP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 12 Kjeldahl Method (2) Ammonia - conversion to gaseous fromNH4+ + OH-NH3 + H2O, pH = distillation and absorptionNH3 + H3BO3NH4+ + H2BO3-- titrationH2BO3- + H+H3BO3HP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 13 Kjeldahl Method (3) Organic nitrogen - Acid digestionOrganic nitrogen + H2SO4(NH4)2SO4 + CO2 + H2O- K2SO4 & CuSO4 added to raise digestion temperature to 370oC- Digestion is completed when digesting liquor clarifies withrelease of Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 14 Experiment Aim- To determine the concentration of Ammonia and organicnitrogen using Kjeldahl methodSampleSourceExpected concentration, mg/LNH3 NOrganic - NASurface water0 51 10 BPolluted drain10 2010 50 CDistilled water00HP Training Module File.

10 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 15 Report the aim of the investigation the results you have produced the results compared to original predictions and the reasonsfor any differences possible reasons for presence of nitrogen in blank, if any what the Ammonia and Organic nitrogen results mean in termsof water qualityHP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 165. Evaluation sheetsHP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 17HP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 186. HandoutHP Training Module File: 38 Measurement of Ammonia and Organic Version March 2000 Page 19 Ammonia and Organic nitrogen nitrogen cycle- atmospheric fixation precesses, chemical and biochemical- conversion of Ammonia nitrogen into Organic nitrogen - wastes: Organic and Ammonia nitrogen - nitrification and denitrification Ammonia and Organic nitrogen in water bodies is an important parameter of theirquality.