Hrg. CIA'S USE OF JOURNALISTS AND CLERGY IN …

1 'SUSEOFJOURNALISTSANDCLERGYININTELLIGENC EOPERATIONSY4,IN8/19; ,104-593 Gift' 'SUSEOFJOURNALISTSANDCLERGYININTELLIGENC EOPERATIONSWEDNESDAY,JULY17,1996 PrintedfortheuseoftheSelectCommitteeonIn telligencef'*+:Hii^lWWOFO0iiIP^EPiiSITOR I'./< , ' ,104-593 CIA' ^! JNGBEFORETHESELECTCOMMITTEEONINTELLIGENC EOFTHEUNITEDSTATESSENATEONEHUNDREDFOURTH CONGRESSSECONDSESSIONONCIA'SUSEOFJOURNAL ISTSANDCLERGYININTELLIGENCEOPERATIONSWED NESDAY,JULY17,1996 PrintedfortheuseoftheSelectCommitteeonIn telligenceUirPayiTORV"' , ,DC20402 ISBN0-16-053885-8 SELECTCOMMITTEEONINTELLIGENCEARLENSPECTE R,Pennsylvania, ,Nebraska, ,IndianaJOHNGLENN, , ,NevadaMIKEDeWINE,OhioBOBGRAHAM,FloridaJ ONKYL, , ,OklahomaMAXBAUCUS,MontanaKAYBAILEYHUTCH ISON, ,LouisianaCONNIEMACK, , ,MaineROBERTDOLE,Kansas, ,SouthDakota,ExOfficioCharlesBattaglia, , ,ChiefClerk(II)CONTENTSOPENINGSTATEMENTS PageHearingheldinWashington,DC:Wednesday ,July17,19961 Statementof:Adelman,KennethL.

2 ,SyndicatedColumnist12 Anderson,Terry,Journalist15 Argue, ,President,NationalAssociationofEvangeli cals29 Coverdell, , , ,DirectorofCentralIntelligence6 Glenn, , , , , , ,Ted,Anchorman,ABCNews"Nightline"16 LaVerdiere,SisterClaudette,President, , ,ExecutiveDirector,InternationalForeignM issionAsso-ciation30 Page, ,DeputyGeneralSecretary,ChurchWorldServi ceandWitnessUnit,NationalCouncilofChurch es32 Robb, , , , ,MortimerB.,ChairmanandEditor-in-Chief, ,letters,etc.:Argue,Don,President,Nation alAssociationofEvangelicals, ,KennethL.,SyndicatedColumnist,biography 11 Gearan,MarkD.,DirectorofthePeaceCorps,pr eparedstatement38 Koppel,Ted,Anchorman,ABCNews"Nightline", biography41 LaVerdiere,SisterClaudette, ,CommunityPresident,MaryknoUSisters,Curr iculumVitae40 Page,ReverendRodneyI., ,biography41 Zuckerman,MortimerB.,ChairmanandEditor-i n-Chief, ,biography18 Hatfield, , ,letter,datedFebruary28,1996totheHonorab leJohnDeutch,Director,CentralIntelligenc e38(III)CIA'SUSEOFJOURNALISTSANDCLERGYIN INTELLIGENCEOPERATIONSWEDNESDAY,JULY17, ,SelectCommitteeonIntelligence,Washingto n, ,pursuanttonotice,at10 ,inroomSH-216,HartSenateOfficeBuilding,t heHonorableArlenSpecter,(Chairmanoftheco mmittee), :SenatorsSpecter,KerreyofNebraska,Glenn, KerryofMassachusetts, :CharlesBattaglia,StaffDirector;ChrisStr aub,Mi-norityStaffDirector;SuzanneSpauld ing,ChiefCounsel.

3 AndKath-leenMcGhee, ' ,SenatorGlenn,andIandothershadbeeninamee tingwithDirectorDeutch,asamatteroffact, ' , ,perhapsbytheCongress, ' , thatit'samatterofthatimportance andthatitoughttotaketheanalogyofaFinding ,aswithcovertactivity,sothatitisaveryspe cificandareallyhighlevelshowing(1) 'sbeensomeotherthinkingthatitoughttobeli mitedtoaspecificperiodoftimeandthatifthe exceptionistobemade,thewaiveroftheprohib ition,waiverbythePresident,thatitoughtto beamatterofnationalsecurityinterest,aswe havemany,manylawswhichinvolveprohibition s, 'sacertainconcernaboutevenadiscussionoft hesemat-terstoanyextentpublicly, ,astheydidofTerryAnderson whowillbeawitnessheretoday 'samatterofconsiderableinterestandthereo ughttobepublicconsideration,congressiona lconsideration, I'mnotsurequitewhynot, , , ,whowaskeptbyterroristsforsome6yearsbetw een1985and1991becausetheythoughthewasasp y, , ;KenAdelman,whohashadextensivegovernment alexperience,isnowacolumnistfortheWashin gtonTimes; , ,presidentoftheNa-tionalAssociationofEva ngelicals; ,executivedirectoroftheInternationalFore ignMissionAsso-ciation;SisterClaudetteLa Verdiere,presidentofMaryknollSis-ters; , ,afterwehaveastatementbySenatorKerrey, , , ' that'sit'sbeenamatterofgreatconcernnoton lytothemedia, andthatmuchofwhatwe'redoingisinresponset otheirconcernaswellasaprovisiononthistop ic, ,Idon' ' 'tweabletofmdoutwhatterroristshadinmindi nregardstoAmericansdeployedinSaudiArabia ?

4 Howcomeweweren'tabletofmdout?Well,thatis notlikely thosequestionsarenotlikelytobeansweredas acon-sequenceofusreadingthemorningnewspa perorwatchingtheeveningnewsorgoingdownto theSaudiArabiaChamberofCom-merceandhavin gadiscussionaboutwhat' ,Imayriskbeingpoliticallyincorrectinsayi ngso,butIsimplydon' , ,Idon' ' ,butImustsay, , , ,wouldyoucaretomakeanopeningcomment? 'thaveaformalopeningstatement, ,be-causewe're,inaway,we' ' 'tsendsatellitesoverandallatoncepickupwh at' 'reintoatimewhenhumanintelligenceisgoing tobemoreim-portantthanIthinkit'sbeenfora long,longtime,andthat' ' 'sgoingtosavelivesortheIntelligenceCommu nitythinksthatweneedtolearnalittlemore thatthisparticularperson,beheorsheclergy , JOURNALISTS ,orwhatever,theywanttoapproa chsomebody,andifthatpersoniswilling theydon' ,nohow,nowayeventhinkoftalkingtotheclerg yorthoseassociatedwithreligiousgroupsove rseasorjournalists,Ithinkthatwouldbeawro ngpolicy, 'reintoatoughtimeforhumanintelligence,as I' , , , 'tknowwhatthedecisionapparatuswasatthePe aceCorps, , ,inmyjudgment, , ' ,forexample,oremployeeandtheirprincipals ,iftheywereeveroperativesoftheCIA,they' , ,IwasDirectorofthePeaceCorpsforthemajori tyoftheBushPresidency,fromitsinceptionto nearit' ,asDirector, , , ,hesaidIhopeyouwillforgiveme, ,no.

5 Andthattherewouldbearatificationofthecon temporarypolicy,forthecredibilityoftheCo rps,theyearsthathavebeenin-vestedinachie vingthiscredibility, ' , , ,ithasworkedwellforus, ,youknow,youarealwaysgoingtohavedebateab outimportantquestionssuchasthis, , ,1984,whichIhaveinpart ,andopeningstatementsto5minutestoleaveth emaximumamountoftimeforQ& , , , ,otherthanthroughemployment, , ,that' ,andwehaveDirectorDeutch'spreparedcommen ts,soweseethathehascraftedwhatheispropos ingisavery,verylimitedexceptiontotheproh ibition,andthatlimitedexceptionarises,as hearticulatesit, ,becauseonceyouestablishtheexcep-tion,it isinthemindofthehostcountryfromthatpoint forward, ,itcanoperateapartfromembroilingthisAgen cyandthepeoplethere, ,ofcoursethiswasanenormousobstacletoover come, ,wehavemutuallybeenabletoprotectthesevol unteersanditsmission,successfully, , it' , , , , , , ,Americanclergy, , ,Iamuneasydiscussingpotentialintelligenc esourcesinapublicsession, ,theCentralIntelligenceAgencypolicyisnot tousejournalistsaccreditedtoAmericannews organizations,theirparentorganizations, , , 19years, ,attherequestofthiscommittee, , ,andthiscommittee,whenthisissuewasraised withme, ,asthecommitteeknows,Ihavefoundnocircums tanceswhileIamDirectorofCentralIntellige nce, , ,astheDirectorofCentralIntel-ligence,Imu stbeinapositiontoassurethePresidentandth emembersoftheNationalSecurityCouncilandt hiscountry,thattherewillnevercomeatimewh entheUnitedStatescannotaskawittingcitize n,knowledgeablecitizen, ,likeallofmypredecessorsforthelast19year s, , , ,whereboththePresidentandtheNationwouldl ooktotheAgencytouseallpossiblemeasures,a llpossiblemeans, ,IbelieveitisunreasonabletoforeclosetheC entralIntelligenceAgencyaskinganAmerican citi-zen,withtheirknowledge, , , , ,Ilookedcarefullyatyourrequest.

6 Theseguidelinesallowforthepossibilityofa waiver, ,indeedhighlyimprobablecircumstances,toc hangemypredilectionagainstanywaiverofour policynottousejournalists,nottouseclergy , , , ,albeitextremelyimportantdecision, ,givethematterproperattentionorjudgment, theDi-rectorcanbeoverruledorfiredbyhisbo ss, ,too, , , , ,becausewewouldnevercontemplatearelation ship , ,andofcourse, , , ,providesthat, , , ,andtheRichardsonamendment,whichyouhaver eferredto,proposesto andthiswasenacted,strikeanele-mentofandi nsertapolicy,itisthepolicyoftheUnitedSta tesandanelementofwaiver, ,voluntarycooperation,providesthatsub-se ctionAshallnotbeconstruedtoprohibitthevo luntarycoopera-tionofapersonwhoisawareth atthecooperationisbeingpro-videdtoanelem entoftheUnitedStates' , ,andthatisnotanassistantoranydesigneeoft heDirector,butHmitedtotheDirec-torhimsel f,herself? ,asIthinkyouknow, , ,IalwaysmeanbytheDirectorandtheDep-utyDi rectorbecausetheDeputyDirectoractswithau thorityintheDirector' ,whentheDirectorandDeputyDirectorareabse nt,whoactsasActingDirector?

7 ' ' , ,thereisanadditionaldocument, ,ex-PeaceCorpsvolunteers, ,youhavesaidpubliclythatyouhavenotusedan yofthesecategoriesofindividualsbytheCIAd uringyourtenureanditisgenerallyacceptedt hatthisisavery,veryunusualorextraordinar ycircumstance, ' ,whynotelevatethisparticularmattertothel evelofaFindingforcov-ertaction?Acovertac tionhasaveryspecialplaceinthenationalsec uritylawsrequiringthatthePresidentmakeaF inding,thatitbeinwritingsothatthereisnoi ssueastoacasualnessorindirec-tionordeleg ation , ,notparticularlyburdensomeforthePresiden t,whynotadopttheoverwhelmingviewoftheHou seinleavingtothePresidentwithhiswaiverfo ranexceptionforra-tionalsecuritieswhichw ehaveinsomanysensitivelegalmatters? ,Ibelievetherearetwocompellingrea-sonsfo rnotdoingso, , , ,Ithinkitisveryimportanttoleaveroombetwe enadeci-sionthattheDirectortakesandthePr esidenttohaveExecutiveoversight,andshoul dthePresidentseetheDirectormakeadeci-sio ninthismatterthatshouldbeoverturned,theP residentcandoso,andindeedhecan,onthatmat ter, thisisindependentofanyAdministration ,itwouldhardlybeday-to-dayontheinfrequen cyasweprojectthis,andifyouhavethepublici nsuranceoftherespectiveforeignassurancet hatitisonlygoingtobedonewithextraordinar ycircumstancewiththePresi-denthimselforh erself,isn'tthatanaddedprotectionthatdoe sn'tplacetoohighaburdenonthePresidentort oohighacostonoper-ations,withoutreallyun derminingtheDirector'sauthority?

8 ,sir,thatthePresidentshouldhaveaDirector ofCentralIntelligenceforwhomheorshehastr ustinthatperson'sjudgment, ,andfurthermore,Idonotbelievethatoneshou ldhavetheWhiteHouseunderany thisisnotapartisanremark,itisaremarkabou ttheoccasionalandperiodic ,sir,thatwhenthatjudgmentismade, ,DirectorDeutch,Ipressyoujustalit-tleont hisbecausethisisgoingtobeamattertobecons ideredbytheSenate,sinceitistheHouseprovi sion, ,doyoucontemplatetheDi-rectorinformingth ePresidentofthisextraordinaryuseofaninte l-ligenceasset? ,ifitisofsufficientimportancetoin-formth ePresidentthroughtheNationalSecurityAdmi nistrator,then theNationalSecurityCounselor,thenthatbri ngstheques-tionupastowhether ifitisgoingtoreachhimanyway,ifitshouldn' ,thecurrentstatutehascomeintosomecontrov ersyastohowpromptisprompt, ,SenatorCohendidsome, ,inaninstancelikethisIthinkitwouldbeatth atlevel,itwouldbetheChairmanandtheRankin gMembers, , , ,weappreciateyourcomingin,DirectorDeutch ,andappreciatethelogicofyourposition, , , , , , [Pause.]

9 ] , , ,butIwantedtobesureIgotyourcreditsex-act lyright, ' 'tdoitinthatshortatime.[Generallaughter. ] , , , [Thematerialreferredtofollows:] ,accompanyingPresidentReaganonhissuperpo wersum-mitswithMikhailGorbachev, (1981to1983)withtherankofAmbas-sadorExtr aordinaryandPlenipotentiary, "oneofthemostbrilliantforeignpolicyminds around"bytheWallStreetJournal,Ambassador AdelmanwasdescribedbyPravdaas"azoologica lanti-com-munist."Moscow'sTassNewsAgency wrote:"Pharisaism,duplicity,andfabricati onoffalsehoodsis[sic] "Henowpursues:(1)writing;(2)teaching;and (3) ,heisanationallys5 TidicatedcolumnistandnationaleditorofWas hingtonianmagazine,forwhichhedoesamonthl yinterviewentitled"WhatI'veLearned."Besi deshundredsofarticles,hehaspublishedfour books GettingtheJobDone(1992);co-authoringTheD efenseRevolutionwithNormanAu-gustine1990 );TheGreatUniversalEmbrace(1989);andAfri canRealities(1980), ,hehasacourseonShakespeareandagraduateco urseonnationalsecuritystudies, ;partici-patedontheZaireRiverExpedition, a3-monthvoyagedowntheCongoRiveronthe100t hanniversaryofStanley'strip;andtranslate dforMuhammadAliduringhis1974heavyweightb out "therumbleinthejungle" ,IPAC,NewmyerAssociates,FreedomHouse, ,Jessica(21)andJocelyn(19),helivesinArli ngton, ,Suite1003,ArUngton, :703/527-0028;Fax:703/276-2673;Home:703/ 525 , , ' ,workedveryclosely, ,toallowmosttimeforquestions, , ,weallworkwiththepress, , actuallyanindependenttaskforceoftheCounc ilonForeignRelations ,yourealizethatthepresswillconcentrateon whateveraffectsitselfratherthan,asIsay, ,wouldyouamplifythatjustabit?

10 Whatwouldyouliketoseediscussedontherepor t? ,Ithinkthepartsabouteconomicintelligence areveryinteresting,thewholereorganizatio n,thewholequestionofwhetherthereshouldbe thekindofcutbacksintheintelligencebudget thatwe'veseeninthePentagon, duringmyalmost12yearsingovernment , ,whichIthinkwasoneofthecriticaleventsoft hecoldwar,wewereverysurprisedbywhatMikha ilGorbachevdidatReykjavik,andIdon' , ,really, andIsaythatwithsomeresponsibilityonmypar t,aswell thatthesituationoftheSovietUnionwarrante dGorbachevdoingsome-thingdramatic, , ,buttheywerealldeadwrong, , , 'tevenmentionjour-nalistsintheCouncilonF oreignRelationsreportevokesthishear-inga ndprevioushearingsandthreeorfoureditoria lsintheWash-ingtonPost,etc., 'tknowwhyanygroupofprofessionalsshouldbe exempt whetherjournalists,orclergy,orevenPeaceC orpsmembers , ' 'tseemconvincing,especiallyinlightofhims ayingthatthishappensvery,veryrarely,soit wouldn' , ,thatshowsthatnomatterwhatyourcommitteed oesorwhatthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesdo esindenyingthatanyjournalistorclergyorPe aceCorpsmanwilleverbeintheCIAoraffiliate dwiththeCIA,allthosedenialswillbelaughed off,ignored,ordiscounted, wherehumanintelUgenceneedstopenetrate, , 'tfeelsomekindofcivicre-sponsibilitywhen Americanlivesareindanger, , ,whentheyshouldn't,foramo-ment, , ,whichwashisbiggesterroroftheWashingtonP ost' ,andneverinthosemanydiscus-sionstogoouta ndfindwhereJoey,thesupposedly12-year-old boywhowasondrugs, , ,hewouldhaveobviouslysavedhimselffromagr eaterrorandwouldhavedoneatremendousservi ceforhisnewspaper,aswellassetaverygoodex ampleofthekindofthingIamtalkingabouttoda y.