Transcription of Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS
1 US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS Technical Reference Manual March 2000 Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited CPD-74B REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington DC 20503.
2 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave Blank) 2. REPORT DATE March 2000 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Computer Software Technical Reference Manual 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS Technical Reference Manual 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Army Corps of Engineers R&D Work Unit #32444 6. AUTHOR(S) Arlen D. Feldman, Editor 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center, HEC 609 Second St. Davis, CA 95616-4687 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER CPD-74B 9. SPONSORING / MONITOGING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) HQ Army Corps of Engineers 441 G St., NW Washington, DC 20314-1000 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12A. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Distribution is unlimited.
3 12B. DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) The Hydrologic Modeling System ( HEC-HMS ) is designed to simulate the precipitation-runoff processes of dendritic watershed systems. It supercedes HEC-1 and provides a similar variety of options but represents a significant advancement in terms of both computer science and Hydrologic engineering. The program includes a variety of mathematical models for simulating precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, excess precipitation transformation, baseflow, and open channel routing. A versatile parameter estimation option is also included to assist in calibrating the various models. This technical reference manual describes the mathematical models that are included as part of the computer program, including equation derivations and solution algorithms where appropriate.
4 In addition, the manual provides information and guidance regarding how and when to use the various models. Guidance for estimating a model's parameters with measured field data, empirical relationships, and the parameter estimation option is included. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Hydrology, watershed, precipitation runoff, river routing, flood control, water supply, computer simulation. 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 145 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT Unclassified 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE Unclassified 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT Unclassified 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Unlimited NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18 298-102 USAPPC Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS Technical Reference Manual March 2000 US Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources Hydrologic Engineering Center 609 Second Street Davis, CA 95616-4687 USA Phone (530) 756-1104 Fax (530) 756-8250 Email ii Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS , User's Manual Public Domain 2000.
5 This Hydrologic Engineering Center, HEC, documentation and software was developed at Federal Government expense and is therefore in the public domain. Components of the HEC software were developed using proprietary commercial productivity software. HEC has executed agreements with the commercial software providers that enable the HEC software to be copied and distributed without restriction. The agreements require that the components of the commercial software used in the HEC applications software be only the runtime form bound in the executable. The commercial portions of the HEC software may not be used for any other applications. Further, the agreements require that users accept the provisions of the copyright restrictions of the commercial software components as noted in the following paragraphs.
6 Copyright 1995 Galaxy Runtime Components by Visix Software, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Copyright 1995 AgX Toolmaster Runtime Components by Advanced Visual Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. BY USING OR COPYING THIS SOFTWARE, USER AGREES TO ABIDE BY THE COPYRIGHT LAW AND ALL OTHER APPLICABLE LAWS OF THE , INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, EXPORT CONTROL LAWS, AND THE TERMS OF THE FOLLOWING LICENSE AGREEMENT. THE Hydrologic ENGINEERING CENTER SHALL HAVE THE RIGHT TO TERMINATE THIS LICENSE IMMEDIATELY BY WRITTEN NOTICE UPON USER'S BREACH OF, OR NONCOMPLIANCE WITH, ANY OF ITS TERMS. USER MAY BE HELD LEGALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT THAT IS CAUSED OR ENCOURAGED BY USER'S FAILURE TO ABIDE BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE.
7 The above information and the full License Agreement are presented for acceptance when the software is first used. That information is also provided in Appendix F of this manual for reference. Table of Contents iii INTRODUCTION .. 1 WHAT'S IN THIS MANUAL? .. 1 PROGRAM OVERVIEW .. 1 OTHER PROGRAM 2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS MANUAL .. 2 REFERENCES .. 3 PRIMER ON MODELS .. 4 WHAT IS A MODEL? .. 4 MODEL CLASSIFICATION .. 4 CONSTITUENTS OF A MODEL .. 6 State Variables .. 7 Parameters .. 7 Boundary Conditions.
8 7 Initial Conditions .. 7 Solving the Constituents .. 7 MODELS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS .. 8 Model .. 8 Program .. 8 Input .. 8 REFERENCES .. 9 PROGRAM COMPONENTS .. 10 RUNOFF PROCESSES .. 10 REPRESENTATION OF THE RUNOFF PROCESS .. 11 SYNOPSIS OF INCLUDED MODELS .. 12 PROGRAM SETUP AND APPLICATION .. 14 REFERENCES .. 15 DESCRIBING PRECIPITATION .. 16 FIELD-MONITORED HISTORICAL PRECIPITATION .. 16 Precipitation Measurement .. 16 Runoff-Computation Requirements .. 17 Mean-Areal Precipitation Depth Computation .. 18 Temporal Distribution of Precipitation .. 19 Inverse-Distance-Squared Method .. 20 RADAR "OBSERVATIONS" OF HISTORICAL PRECIPITATION .. 21 Radar Data .. 23 Computations with Radar-Measured Precipitation.
9 24 HYPOTHETICAL STORMS .. 24 Standards-Based Design Concepts .. 24 Frequency-Based Hypothetical Storm .. 25 The Standard Project Storm .. 28 User-Defined Hypothetical-Storm Distribution .. 30 Storm Selection .. 31 Risk-Based Design Concepts .. 32 EVAPORATION AND TRANSPIRATION .. 32 REFERENCES .. 32 COMPUTING RUNOFF VOLUMES .. 35 BASIC CONCEPTS .. 35 INITIAL AND CONSTANT LOSS MODEL .. 36 Basic Concepts and Equations .. 36 Estimating Initial Loss and Constant Rate .. 36 Table of Contents iv DEFICIT AND CONSTANT LOSS MODEL.
10 37 SCS CURVE NUMBER LOSS MODEL .. 37 Basic Concepts and Equations .. 37 Estimating CN .. 38 Gridded SCS Curve Number Loss Model .. 38 GREEN AND AMPT LOSS MODEL .. 39 Basic Concepts and Equations .. 39 Estimating Model Parameters .. 39 SOIL MOISTURE ACCOUNTING LOSS MODEL .. 40 Basic Concepts and Equations .. 40 Storage Component .. 41 Flow Component .. 43 Order of Model Computations .. 46 Estimating Model Parameters .. 46 APPLICABILITY AND LIMITATIONS OF THE RUNOFF-VOLUME MODELS .. 46 REFERENCES .. 48 Modeling DIRECT RUNOFF .. 50 BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE UNIT HYDROGRAPH MODEL .. 50 USER-SPECIFIED UNIT HYDROGRAPH .. 51 Estimating the Model Parameters .. 51 Application of the User-Specified UH .. 52 PARAMETRIC AND SYNTHETIC UNIT HYDROGRAPHS.
