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1 English Standards of Learning MMMIIIDDDDDDLLLEEE SSSCCCHHHOOOOOOLLL RRREEEAAADDDIIINNNGGG MMMOOODDDUUULLLEEESSS IIINNN SSSUUUPPPPPPOOORRRTTT OOOFFF PPPRRROOOJJJEEECCCTTT GGGRRRAAADDDUUUAAATTTIIIOOONNN Commonwealth of virginia department of education Richmond, virginia 2008 Copyright 2008 by the virginia department of education Box 2120 Richmond, virginia 23218-2120 All rights reserved virginia K-12 public schools may use this document for noncommercial, educational purposes without seeking prior written permission from the virginia department of education . All copyright and other proprietary notices contained on the materials must remain intact when reproducing the document. By using this document, the user acknowledges that he has read and understands the copyright and related provisions. Web sites provided in this document are for resource purposes.

2 Users of these resources are responsible for complying with any licensing requirements or other conditions required by the individual resources and in accordance with applicable law. Staff of the virginia department of education cannot give legal advice nor interpret the law for members of the public. Information is provided as a service and is not intended as a substitute for the advice of legal counsel. These materials are provided in this document as an accommodation to assist educators. They are not endorsed by the virginia department of education or Board of education and should be evaluated by the user for their accuracy, relevance, and value. Web sites that are not maintained by the virginia department of education are provided as a convenience. The virginia department of education is not responsible for the contents of any off-site pages or any other sites linked from the off-site pages; therefore, the agency does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, usefulness, or adequacy of any resources, information, products, or process contained in any Web site linked directly or indirectly in this document.

3 Please be advised that off-site Web pages may contain copyrighted materials. Users of such materials should seek permission in accordance with the copyright laws. Superintendent of Public Instruction Dr. Billy K. Cannaday, Jr. Chief Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction Dr. Patricia I. Wright Assistant Superintendent for Instruction Dr. Linda M. Wallinger Office of middle and High school Instructional Services Dr. Felicia D. Dyke, Director Tracy Fair Robertson, English Coordinator Karen Koory, middle school English Specialist Edited and designed by the CTE Resource Center Margaret L. Watson, Administrative Coordinator Bruce B. Stevens, Writer/Editor Richmond Medical Park Phone: 804-673-3778 2002 Bremo Road, Lower Level Fax: 804-673-3798 Richmond, virginia 23226 Web site: The CTE Resource Center is a virginia department of education grant project administered by the Henrico County Public Schools.

4 Notice to the Reader In accordance with the requirements of the Civil Rights Act and other federal and state laws and regulations, this document has been reviewed to ensure that it does not reflect stereotypes based on sex, age, race, or national origin. The virginia department of education does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability in employment or provisions of school Reading Modules in Support of Project Graduation virginia department of education iii Table of Contents Prereading Skills Making, confirming, or revising predictions ..1 Making predictions and understanding elements of fiction ..3 Predicting and/or Inferring Skills Making inferences, 1 ..7 Making inferences, 2 ..10 Making predictions, generalizations, and inferences, 1 ..12 Making predictions, generalizations, and inferences, 2.

5 14 Making predictions, generalizations, and inferences, 3 ..16 Predicting outcomes, making connections, and Questioning Skills Questioning and making connections ..21 Using the Question-Answer Relationships (QAR) strategy, 1 ..22 Using the Question-Answer Relationships (QAR) strategy, 2 ..29 Framing questions about the text, 1 ..31 Framing questions about the text, 2 ..33 Research Skills Distinguishing fact from Researching information on the Internet ..36 Learning vocabulary by using reference Locating information quickly in a variety of resources, Locating information quickly in a variety of resources, Monitoring and/or Summarizing Skills Monitoring, making predictions, generalizing, and visualizing ..44 Making connections ..49 Selecting evidence to support the main idea, 51 Selecting evidence to support the main idea, 55 Identifying the main idea and Summarizing narrative fiction.

6 61 Drawing conclusions and making predictions .. 62 Summarizing and selecting details to support conclusions ..65 Summarizing information ..68 Test-Taking Strategies Identifying types of test questions, 1 ..71 Identifying types of test questions, 2 ..73 Using the Prove-It strategy for multiple-choice test questions ..75 Elements-of-Narrative Skills Identifying and understanding character traits ..77 Identifying and categorizing character traits ..79 Identifying and illustrating character traits ..81 Identifying character traits ..82 middle school Reading Modules in Support of Project Graduation virginia department of education iv Identifying direct and indirect characterization ..84 Understanding indirect characterization ..86 Identifying types of conflict ..87 Identifying internal and external conflict ..89 Identifying elements of plot Understanding theme.

7 93 Identifying figurative language and Appreciating setting through visualization ..97 Understanding the impact of cause-effect relationships ..98 Understanding point of view in narratives ..100 Informational Text Skills Identifying viewpoint and theme ..102 Organizational Pattern Skills Identifying words and phrases that signal organizational pattern ..104 Using text structure to determine organizational Identifying signal words and organizational patterns in fiction ..109 Identifying signal words text structures in nonfiction .. 112 Identifying the purpose(s) of texts ..114 Understanding external text Identifying signal words, text structures, and purpose ..118 Using graphic organizers to organize information ..120 Poetry Skills Describing the impact of visual imagery and poetic devices ..122 Using word choice and imagery to aid Evaluating and creating figurative language.

8 125 Identifying onomatopoeia ..127 Identifying similes ..129 Recognizing and explaining use of figurative language ..131 Identifying personification ..132 Vocabulary Skills Determining the meaning of words and Using word maps to expand vocabulary .. 138 Understanding and using roots to expand vocabulary ..140 Understanding and using suffixes to expand vocabulary ..141 Working with inflectional endings to expand vocabulary ..144 Predicting the meaning of unfamiliar words in a text, Predicting the meaning of unfamiliar words in a text, Identifying connotations to describe the impact of word choice ..149 Understanding the impact of word choice in positive or negative Determining meaning of words by taking them apart ..151 Identifying analogies ..153 Understanding middle school Reading Modules in Support of Project Graduation virginia department of education v Acknowledgments We wish to express our gratitude to the following individuals for their contributions to the middle school Reading Modules in Support of Project Graduation.

9 Carolyn Perry Loudoun County Public Schools Allyson White Loudoun County Public Schools Rashida Johnson Alexandria City Public Schools Denise Fehrenbach Newport News City Public Schools Barbara Boyd Charlottesville City Public Schools Mary Ann Rogers Suffolk City Public Schools Dana Norman Bedford County Public Schools Rebecca Pierce Bedford County Public Schools Allie Hannon Chesterfield County Public Schools Suzanne Crawford Bedford County Public Schools Jennifer Presson Suffolk City Public Schools middle school Reading Modules in Support of Project Graduation virginia department of education 1 Prereading Skill Making, confirming, or revising predictions SOL Make, confirm, or revise predictions. Time 1 hour Materials Copies of a recent newspaper or magazine informational article of interest to students and containing title, subtitles, sidebars, bold type, pictures, and/or captions Copies of the attached Making, Confirming, or Revising Predictions worksheet Lesson 1.

10 Review previously discussed reading strategies with the class. Focus on the reasons it is important to remember to do such things as predicting, summarizing, visualizing, clarifying, and questioning in order to be a good reader. 2. Show students the covers of two or three books that they probably have not read, and ask them what they think the books are about based on the covers. Have them explain the features of the covers that led to their responses. In addition to the words, make sure they have noticed the fonts used, the illustrations, and other graphics. Explain to students that they just made predictions. Define prediction as an educated guess based on something that is true, and explain why it is important to predict the subject of a written piece before reading it. Also, explain that as you read the piece and learn more about its content, it is just as important to confirm that your prediction is correct or revise your prediction, if it turns out to be incorrect.