Identification and Control of - FLEPPC

1 Identification andControl ofNon-Native InvasivePlantsinEast Central FloridaFor Homeowners & ProfessionalsNotesIntroductionThis guide is intended to assist Brevard Countyresidents, employees, and professionals to identifyand Control non-native invasive plant species found inupland is a non-native plant?A native plant is a species that was here whenEuropeans began to explore and settle the NewWorld. Non-native plants are those species that havebeen brought here from other parts of the world sincethat is an invasive plant?An invasive plant is a species that will invade anundisturbed natural area and displace native plants are often more aggressive in disturbedareas, like invasive plants are also commonly calledexotic plants, invasive exotic plants, noxious weeds,and : This guide includes only the plants from otherparts of the world that are most invasive in BrevardCounty s natural areas, displacing native species anddegrading the environment for native plants the descriptions:The header of the plant description pages has theEnglish name(s), the scientific name in italics, and inparentheses the scientific name of the of the plants are on the page oppositethe plant descriptions.

2 If the captions refer to morethan one object, they will refer to the objects from leftto coins in the photographs are always diameter of a quarter is 15/16 , roughly an of this brochure has been made possible byan award from the National Oceanic and Atmo-spheric Administration s Coastal Impact By: Brevard County Natural ResourcesManagement Office (BCNRMO)Primary Author & Photographer: James TearContributors: Kari Ruder, Suzanne Kennedy, SusanGosselin, Chris Koeppel, Gayle Hoffman - Weichman and Carol Hebert - ConradinaChapter, Florida Native Plant Society. Graphic design- Trese Printing and James : Kari Ruder, Deb Coles, Susan Gosselin,Chris Koeppel, Raleigh Berry - BCNRMOR eferencesBrevard County Environmentally Endangered LandsProgram. 2004. Exotic Plant Herbicide , Angela. 2005. The power of partnerships -island style.

3 Wildland Weeds, p. 11-14, , and K. Craddock Burks. and Biology of Non-Native Plants inFlorida s Natural Areas. University of Florida, , and Stocker. 2000. Control ofNon-native Plants in Natural Areas of Florida. SP242. University of Florida, , M., Hurd, C., and J. M. Randall. 2001. WeedControl Methods Handbook. The NatureConservancy. Purpose Increase awareness of the adverse effectsof non-native invasive plants on Brevard sbiodiversity and ecosystems Provide a tool for residents and landmanagers to use to identify and effectivelycontrol non-native invasive plants Encourage public participation in theremoval of non-native invasive plants Reduce the habitat losses from non-nativeinvasive plant infestations Reduce the impacts on endangeredspecies via habitat loss and alteration Demonstrate the need to prevent habitatlosses through pest-plant management Highlight the socio-economic and adversehealth impacts of these plants ( ,increased wildfires in Melaleuca areas) Provide information that helps managersset priorities for Control programsThis field guide is also available onBrevard County s website.

4 Toxicity and AllergiesMany plants contained within this guide producetoxins and result in allergic conditions when handled,cut, burned, or harvested. Gloves and PersonalProtective Gear ( , long-sleeve shirts, glasses,hats) are strongly recommended when handling anyplant material, especially of unknown origin. Cases ofpeople being sensitized, or having an increasingallergic response to particular plants, and theircomponents (leaves, bark, odor, toxins, sap) havebeen LinksAdditional and more detailed information can be foundon the following websites or by contacting theorganizations Department of Agriculture and ConsumerServices - Department of Environmental ProtectionBureau of Invasive Plant Management - Exotic Pest Plant Council - and Exotic Species - Wildlife Federation - Nature Conservancy - of Florida IFAS, Center For Aquatic andInvasive Plants - Page.

5 Title 1 ..Introduction 2 ..Credits & References 3 ..Purpose 4 ..About Toxicity & Links 5 ..Contents 6-7 ..Plant List 7 ..Glossary of Terms 8-57 ..Species Accounts 58 ..Plants to Watch For 59-61 .. Control Methods 62-65 ..Plant ReplacementsPlease notePlease notePlease notePlease notePlease note::::: This guide does not include non-native invasive aquatic plants. For informationon invasive aquatic plants, please visit:Plant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida WatersPlant Management in Florida printed July 200655555 Plant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant List 8 8 8 8 8 Air Potato (& Winged Yam) 10 10 10 10 10 Australian-Pine 12 12 12 12 12 Beach Naupaka 14 14 14 14 14 Brazilian Pepper 16 16 16 16 16 Camphortree 18 18 18 18 18 Carrotwood 20 20 20 20 20 Castorbean 22 22 22 22 22 Chinaberry 24 24 24 24 24 Chinese Tallowtree 26 26 26 26 26 Cogon Grass 38 38 38 38 38 Coral Ardisia 30 30 30 30 30 Creeping Oxeye 32 32 32 32 32 Downy Rosemyrtle 34 34 34 34 34 Japanese Climbing Fern 36 36 36 36 36 Kudzu 38 38 38 38 38 Leadtree 40 40 40 40 40 Melaleuca 42 42 42 42 42 Mexican Petunia 4444444444 Old World Climbing Fern 4646464646 Rosary Pea 4848484848 Schefflera 5050505050 Simpleleaf Chastetree66666 This is a caption for the above ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant ListPlant List 52 52 52 52 52 Surinam Cherry 54 54 54 54 54 Tropical Soda Apple 56 56 56 56 56 Woman s

6 Tonguecompoundcompoundcompoundcompoundco mpound - multiple leaflets on one leaf, such as ahickory or beantwice compoundtwice compoundtwice compoundtwice compoundtwice compound - leaflets on a compound leafdivided into more leafletsalternatealternatealternatealter natealternate - one leaf per nodeoppositeoppositeoppositeoppositeoppo site - two leaves per nodeFlower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:Flower Anatomy:carpelcarpelcarpelcarpelcarpel - The ovule-bearing (seed-bearing) unit ofthe flowerstamensstamensstamensstamensstamen s - male organ of the flower, consisting of ananther and filamentstigmastigmastigmastigmastigma - The upper part of the carpel that isreceptive to pollenstylesstylesstylesstylesstyles - The more or less elongated part of thecarpel between the ovary and stigmaGlossary of TermsGlossary of TermsGlossary of TermsGlossary of TermsGlossary of TermsLeaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement:Leaf Arrangement.

7 Simplesimplesimplesimplesimple - a single leaf, such as a maple77777 Air PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir Potato Dioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbiferaDioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae) (Dioscoreaceae)Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formLeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesFlower sFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFloweringFl oweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseason seasonseasonseasonseasonFruitsFruitsFrui tsFruitsFruitsAerial tubersAerial tubersAerial tubersAerial tubersAerial tubersHabitatHabitatHabitatHabitatHabita tThreatThreatThreatThreatThreatOriginOri ginOriginOriginOriginDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxici tyAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAl lergiesTwining vine without tendrilsLarge heart-shaped leaves may bemore than 8" long; simple, alternateRarely flowers in Florida; greenishyellow flowers in hanging clustersMay - SeptemberRare in FloridaLight brown, up to 6 across.

8 Growalong the vines near the leaf stalks;resemble potatoes with many smallbumps; found on the ground underthe vines year roundHardwood forests, pinelands,wetlands, disturbed sites,residential areas (where they areoften confused with Kudzu vines)Grows rapidly, smothers trees, andinvades disturbed sites, pinelandsand hammocksTropical AsiaAerial tubers are carried longdistances in flowing waterAerial and underground tubers maybe poisonous when rawNo information found88888 Aerial tuber Vines twining around each otherSimple leavesAir PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoAir PotatoWinged YamWinged YamWinged YamWinged YamWinged YamDioscorea alata Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata Dioscorea alata (Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscorea ceae)(Dioscoreaceae)(Dioscoreaceae)

9 Winged Yam is very similar to Air Potato but haslarger, more frequent underground tubers, longerand less round shaped aerial tubers, and oppositeleaves. The cross section of its stem has purpletinged wings. Fruit is a 3-parted capsule and theseeds are also winged. Winged Yam is currentlynot as common in Brevard County as Air Potato, butis still an invasive plant where it does Australian-Pine Australian-Pine Australian-Pine Australian-Pine (three species included)(three species included)(three species included)(three species included)(three species included)Casuarina Casuarina Casuarina Casuarina Casuarina spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)spp. (Casuarinaceae)Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formLeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesFlower sFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFloweringFl oweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseason seasonseasonseasonseasonFruitsFruitsFrui tsFruitsFruitsHabitatHabitatHabitatHabit atHabitatThreatThreatThreatThreatThreatO riginOriginOriginOriginOriginDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxici tyAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAl lergiesTree up to 150 feet tall; resembles apine but is not closely relatedScale like, almost microscopicaround the joints of the needles ; needles are actually branches 4-8 long; needles pull apart at the jointsInconspicuousOne species, fall, winter.

10 Other twospecies, springResemble small, woody pine cones,about 1/2 across. Numerous smallseeds in springDunes, beaches, pinelands, dis-turbed sites; planted as windbreaksHighly invasive in many disturbedand natural habitats; grows 5-10 feetper year; forms thick stands thatcrowd out native species; displacesnative vegetation on dunes leadingto significant dune erosion duringstorms; disrupts sea turtle nestingTropical Asia, Indonesia, AustraliaWind, birds, water, spreading rootsNo information foundLarge quantities of pollen may causerespiratory problems1010101010 Needles & cones closeup of conesThe ground is barren under this standof Australian-PinesAustralian-PineAustralia n-PineAustralian-PineAustralian-PineAust ralian-PineSeveral Australian-Pines1111111111 Growth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formGrowth formLeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesLeavesFlower sFlowersFlowersFlowersFlowersFloweringFl oweringFloweringFloweringFloweringseason seasonseasonseasonseasonFruitsFruitsFrui tsFruitsFruitsHabitatHabitatHabitatHabit atHabitatThreatThreatThreatThreatThreatO riginOriginOriginOriginOriginDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byDistributed byToxicityToxicityToxicityToxicityToxici tyAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAl lergiesShrub to