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IHPs: Concepts, Framework, and Issues - School Health

Contents IHPs: Concepts, framework , and Issues 16) Immigrant and Refugee Students: Legal, Health and Cultural 1) Individualized Healthcare Plans ..1 Considerations ..133. Denise A. Herrmann Ann Marie Hoxie 2) Unique Opportunities and Similarities 17) Homeless Students with Special of IHPs and Other Educational, Health , Health Needs ..145. and Home Care Agencies Plans ..7 Gail Synoground Denise A. Herrmann 18) Genetics Overview for the School 3) Delegation of School Nursing Activities ..11 Nurse Developing Individualized Denise A. Herrmann Healthcare Plans ..159. Sharon Yearous 4) Evidence-Based Practice in School Nursing ..15 Health Conditions: Background Information, Judith. A. Vessey and Katelyn A. McGowan IHP Development, and Case Study 5) Integrating NANDA, NIC, and 19) Abuse and Neglect ..169. NOC into Individualized Healthcare Plans ..25 Nancy Manzo-Mattucci Susan Poulton and Janice Denehy 20) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ..181. 6) HIPAA, FERPA, and the Privacy of Student Colleen J.

Chapter One: Individual Healthcare Plans 1 Introduction The year 2002 marked the 100th anniversary of school nursing in America. In 1902, Lillian Wald, founder of the

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Transcription of IHPs: Concepts, Framework, and Issues - School Health

1 Contents IHPs: Concepts, framework , and Issues 16) Immigrant and Refugee Students: Legal, Health and Cultural 1) Individualized Healthcare Plans ..1 Considerations ..133. Denise A. Herrmann Ann Marie Hoxie 2) Unique Opportunities and Similarities 17) Homeless Students with Special of IHPs and Other Educational, Health , Health Needs ..145. and Home Care Agencies Plans ..7 Gail Synoground Denise A. Herrmann 18) Genetics Overview for the School 3) Delegation of School Nursing Activities ..11 Nurse Developing Individualized Denise A. Herrmann Healthcare Plans ..159. Sharon Yearous 4) Evidence-Based Practice in School Nursing ..15 Health Conditions: Background Information, Judith. A. Vessey and Katelyn A. McGowan IHP Development, and Case Study 5) Integrating NANDA, NIC, and 19) Abuse and Neglect ..169. NOC into Individualized Healthcare Plans ..25 Nancy Manzo-Mattucci Susan Poulton and Janice Denehy 20) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ..181. 6) HIPAA, FERPA, and the Privacy of Student Colleen J.

2 Duffy Health Information in Individualized Healthcare Plans ..37 21) Anaphylaxis: Severe Allergic Reaction ..195. Martha Dewey Bergren Mariann Smith 7) Using Individualized Healthcare Plans in 22) Anxiety Disorder ..205. the Special Education Process ..45 Lorali Gray Janet L. Lowe 23) Asthma ..225. 8) Special Education: Other Health Jacalyn Peck Dougherty Impairment (OHI) ..59. Patricia Brandstaetter, Marilyn Leifgren, and 24) Autism Spectrum Disorders (Pervasive Cynthia K. Silkworth Developmental Disorders) ..255. Jeanette H. Williams 9) Using Individualized Healthcare Plans with 504 Plans and Accommodations ..69. 25) Bipolar Disorder ..267. Jeanne M. Sedgwick Cheryl R. Brubaker 10) Third-Party Reimbursement for Healthcare 26) Brain Injury, Traumatic ..289. Services Provided in Schools ..81. Janet L. Lowe and Ann Marie Hoxie MaryAnn Tapper Strawhacker 11) Crisis in Schools - Responding to 27) Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors ..305. Students' Needs ..91 Katherine M. Sommer Judith F.

3 Harrigan 28) Burns ..335. 12) Wellness Promotion in the School Setting ..101 Patricia S. Latona Deborah Kotlas Ilardi 29) Cancer ..349. Special Student Issues Tambra R. Dahlheimer 13) Chronic Health Conditions: Indicators 30) Cardiovascular Disorders ..367. of Need ..109 Andrea D. Posey and Emelyn L. Hudson Brenda Kay Lenz 31) Celiac Disease ..381. 14) Psychosocial Aspects of School -Aged Carole Ellerbe Moore Children with Disabilities and Chronic Health Conditions ..119 32) Cerebral Palsy ..391. Terri J. Lundquist Annette L. Perschke and Nancy Manzo-Mattucci 15) Medically Fragile and Complex Chronically Ill Children ..125 33) Cystic Fibrosis ..401. Brenda Kay Lenz MaryAnn Tapper Strawhacker 1. Table of Contents III. Individualized Healthcare Plans for the School Nurse Katherine J. Cuddy 34) Depression and Suicide ..417 56) Neurofibromatosis ..717. Barbara Erickson and Julie Young-Burns Sally Zentner Schoessler 35) Diabetes ..431 57) Organ Transplant ..725. Tara S. Kaup and Jayne Chatterton Mary Jo Martin 36) Down Syndrome.

4 461 58) Osteogenesis Imperfecta ..735. Roxanne Truen Valeria S. Baldocchi 37) Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ..473 59) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ..751. Judith F. Harrigan Margarita Fernan Granthom 38) Eating Disorders ..485 60) Prader-Willi Syndrome ..761. Tona L. Leiker and Elaine Level Linda L. Solum 39) Encopresis ..497 61) Pregnancy, Adolescent ..769. Nancy W. Mosca and Kella Haren Anne L. Hedges 40) Fragile X Syndrome ..511 62) Prenatal Alcohol and Drug Exposure ..783. Mary Jo Martin Mariann Smith 41) Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ..517 63) Rett Syndrome ..795. Penny J. Makuchal Charlotte R. Gorun 42) Hearing Deficit ..527 64) School Refusal Behavior ..805. Elisabeth Barclay Elaine D. Level and Tona L. Leiker 43) Hemophilia ..539 65) Scoliosis ..815. Clara J. Richarson and Lindsey W. Minchella Sally Zentner Schoessler 44) Hepatitis, Viral ..559 66) Seizures ..823. Sharon D. Martin and Marcia S. Mullen Sarah Kiel and Elisabeth Barclay 45) HIV/AIDS ..571 67) Sickle Cell Disease.

5 845. Mary E. Newell Carolyn F. Holman 46) Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura ..587 68) Skin Disorders ..865. Mary A. Swanson Sue Boos 47) Immunodeficiency Diseases ..597 69) Spina Bifida ..879. Lacy E. Scott Maureen C. Maguire 48) Infectious Mononucleosis ..609 70) Spinal Cord Injury ..895. Sally Zenter Schoessler Cynthia K. Silkworth 49) Inflammatory Bowel Disease ..617 71) Substance Abuse ..915. MaryAnn Tapper Strawhacker Brenda Kay Lenz 50) Latex Allergy ..633 72) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ..931. Constance M. Cotter and Mariann Smith Jean Mientus 51) Lyme Disease ..643 73) Tourette Syndrome ..947. Heidi M. Toth Lorali Gray 52) Marfan Syndrome ..661 74) Tuberculosis ..961. Deborah Kotlas Ilardi Margarita Fernan Granthom 53) Metachromatic Leukodystrophy ..673 75) Vision Problems and Eye Disorders ..973. Jeanette H. Williams Maureen C. Maguire and Anne M. Biddle 54) Migraine Headache ..685 Index ..990. MaryAnn Tapper Strawhacker 55) Mitochondrial Disorders ..699. 2. IV Individualized Healthcare PlansTable for ofthe School Nurse Contents Chapter One Individualized Healthcare Plans Denise A.

6 Herrmann Introduction the nursing process in schools results in the development of IHPs for students who have Health -related Issues . The year 2002 marked the 100th anniversary of School When students at School need ongoing nursing man- nursing in America. In 1902, Lillian Wald, founder of the agement, a documented plan of care is essential (Hootman, Henry Street Settlement, assigned Lina Rogers to be the 1996a). An IHP documents the information from the first School nurse in New York City. Lina Rogers' task assessment phase, a nursing diagnosis, the student goals was to make a difference in the School absentee rate in 1 and outcomes to be achieved, the nursing interventions to month. Her success was astonishing, and thus began the be utilized, and ways in which the plan's effectiveness will specialty practice of School nursing. Throughout the fol- be measured. lowing years, School nurses and the practice of School Documentation promotes sound planning, coordina- nursing evolved to meet the changing needs of students, tion, continuity, and evaluation of care (Schwab, families, communities, and society.)

7 Panettieri, & Bergren, 1998). A review of the literature The National Association of School Nurses (NASN) outlines the many purposes of care planning and IHP. has defined School nursing as a specialized practice of pro- development for students. Carpenito (1997) stated that fessional nursing that advances the well-being, academic care plans have two professional purposes administra- success, and lifelong achievement of students. To that end, tive and clinical. These categories can be applied to IHPs School nurses facilitate positive student responses to nor- as follows. mal development; promote Health and safety; intervene in Administrative purposes of IHPs: actual and potential Health problems; provide case man- To define the focus of nursing, validating the nurse's agement services; and actively collaborate with others to position in the School build student and family capacity for adaptation, self- To facilitate the management of Health conditions to management, self-advocacy, and learning (NASN, 1999).

8 Optimize learning Individualized healthcare plans (IHPs) are a tool that To differentiate the accountability of the School School nurses use to facilitate the well-being and the aca- nurse from others in the School ( , paraprofession- demic success of all learners. The purpose of this book is als, teachers). to help School nurses develop IHPs that meet the needs of To provide criteria for reviewing and evaluating students and clearly document School nursing practice. care-quality assurance To provide data for statistical reports, research, Why Should School Nurses third-party reimbursement, and legal evidence Use IHPs? To create a safer process for delegation of nursing care in the School setting The nursing process emerged in the 1970s as the scientif- Clinical purposes of IHPs: ic approach to the identification and solution of problems in To clarify and consolidate Health information that is nursing practice. As the cornerstone of nursing practice, the meaningful for students, families, and staff nursing process provides a systematic, yet dynamic, method To establish the priority set of nursing diagnoses for for the delivery and evaluation of nursing care.

9 As such, the a student nursing process forms the foundation of the scope and stan- To provide a method of communication to direct the dards of professional School nursing practice (NASN & nursing care needed by a particular student American Nurses Association [ANA], 2001). The nursing To build the foundation for documentation process includes assessment, diagnosis, outcome identifica- To ensure consistency and continuity of care as stu- tion, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The nursing dents move within and outside of School districts process takes the guesswork out of providing care, relying on To direct specific interventions for the student, fam- a scientific knowledge base to make decisions about the deliv- ily, and other School staff to implement ery of nursing care (Denehy, 2004). It is applicable to all areas To provide a means to review and evaluate nursing of nursing practice, including School nursing. Utilization of goals and outcome criteria 3. Chapter One: Individual Healthcare Plans 1.

10 Individualized Healthcare Plans for the School Nurse IHPs: Prioritizing Your Student Population Interview of other School staff who interact with School nurses often have high to unreasonable student student ratios, and in some cases School nurses may be in a particular Observation of student in the classroom School only 1 day a week. School nurses can feel overwhelmed by the volume of students, the Health needs of students, or both. Nursing Diagnosis Every student who has special healthcare needs will require an Individual pieces of data by themselves have no mean- IHP. Nurses working in the School setting may need to set limits ing. It is the method of organizing the data about a partic- as to which of a student's multiple Health Issues they can manage ular student and drawing a conclusion that separates pro- within the constraints of the assigned student population fessional School nurses from paraprofessionals, teachers, (Hootman, 1996b). and other School staff. Nursing diagnoses define what School nurses should prioritize students and their School nurses distinctly identify and contribute as needs.


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