IMO information papers on ECDIS: IMO SN Circ 207 ...

1 imo information papers on ecdis : IMO_SN_Circ_207_Difference between RCDS and ECDIS (07 Jan 1999) IMO_SN_Circ_213_Datums (31 May 2000) IMO_SN_Circ_010_Guidance on ECDIS Training using Simulators (11 Jun 2001) IMO_SN_Circ_255_Additional datum Guidance (24 Jul 2006) IMO_SN_Circ_266_Rev 1_Maintenance of ECDIS (22 Oct 2007) IMO_SN_Circ_276_Transition from paper to ECDIS (10 Dec 2008) IMO_MSC_Circ_1389_Procedures for Updating Shipborne Navigation (07 Dec 2010) IMO_MSC_Circ_1391_Operating Anomalies Identified within ECDIS (07 Dec 2010) I:\CIRC\SN\ MARITIME ORGANIZATIONE4 ALBERT EMBANKMENTLONDON SE1 7 SRTelephone:0171-735 7611 Fax:0171-587 3210 Telex:23588 IMOLDN GIMORef. T2 January 1999 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RCDS AND ECDIS1 The Maritime Safety Committee, at its seventieth session (7 to 11 December 1998), adoptedamendments to the performance standards for Electronic Chart Display and information Systems (ECDIS)to include the use of Raster Chart Display Systems (RCDS).

2 2 These amendments permit ECDIS equipment to operate in two modes:.1the ECDIS mode when ENC data is used; RCDS mode when ENC data is not , the RCDS mode does not have the full functionality of ECDIS, and can only be used togetherwith an appropriate portfolio of up-to-date paper mariners' attention is therefore drawn to the following limitations of the RCDS mode:.1unlike ECDIS where there are no chart boundaries, RCDS is a chart-based system similarto a portfolio of paper charts;.2 Raster navigational chart (RNC) data, itself, will not trigger automatic alarms( anti-grounding). However, some alarms can be generated by the RCDS fromuser-inserted information . These can include:-clearing lines-ship safety contour lines-isolated dangers-danger datums and chart projections may differ between RNCs. Mariners shouldunderstand how the chart horizontal datum relates to the datum of the position fixingsystem.

3 In some instances, this may appear as a shift in position. This difference may bemost noticeable at grid intersections and during route monitoring;.4chart features cannot be simplified or removed to suit a particular navigationalcircumstance or task at hand. This could affect the superimposition of radar/ARPA;.5without selecting different scale charts, the look-ahead capability may be somewhatlimited. This may lead to some inconvenience when determining range and bearing or theidentity of distant objects; 2 -I:\CIRC\SN\ of the RCDS display to other than chart-up, may affect the readability of charttext and symbols ( , course-up, route-up);.7it may not be possible to interrogate RNC features to gain additional information aboutcharted objects;.8it is not possible to display a ship's safety contour or safety depth and highlight it on thedisplay, unless these features are manually entered during route planning.

4 9depending on the source of the RNC, different colours may be used to show similar chartinformation. There may also be differences in colours used during day and nighttime;.10an RNC should be displayed at the scale of the paper chart. Excessive zooming in orzooming out can seriously degrade RCDS capability, for example, by degrading thelegibility of the chart image; should be aware that in confined waters, the accuracy of chart data ( , papercharts, ENC or RNC data) may be less than that of the position-fixing system in use. Thismay be the case when using differential GNSS. ECDIS provides an indication in the ENCwhich allows a determination of the quality of the Governments are requested to bring this information to the attention of the relevantauthorities and all seafarers for guidance and action, as :\CIRC\SN\ MARITIME ORGANIZATION4 ALBERT EMBANKMENTLONDON SE1 7 SRTelephone:020-7735 7611 Fax:020-7587 3210 Telex:23588 IMOLDN GIMOERef.

5 T2 May 2000 GUIDANCE ON CHART DATUMS AND THE ACCURACY OFPOSITIONS ON CHARTS1 The Maritime Safety Committee, at its seventy-second session (17 to 26 May 2000), approvedguidance on chart datums and the accuracy of positions on charts, given at Governments are invited to bring this guidance to the attention of all concerned forinformation and action, as appropriate.** :\CIRC\SN\ ON CHART DATUMS AND THE ACCURACY OFPOSITIONS ON CHARTS1 Many different definitions of a horizontal datum (also known as geodetic datum ) exist. However,a practical working definition in use is: A horizontal datum is a reference system for specifying positions on the Earth s surface. Eachdatum is associated with a particular reference spheroid that can be different in size, orientation andrelative position from the spheroids associated with other horizontal datums.

6 Positions referred todifferent datums can differ by several hundred metres. 2 The practical result is that a given geographical position, not associated with a specific datum , couldrefer to different physical objects. In other words, a physical object can have as many geographicalpositions as there are datums. For example, South Foreland Lighthouse, United Kingdom, has the followingpositions:GEOGRAPHICAL POSITIONHORIZONTAL DATUM51 08 .39 N 001 22 .37 Ereferred to OSGB(36) datum (the local datum for theUnited Kingdom)51 08 .47 N 001 22 .35 Ereferred to European (1950) datum (the continental datum )51 08 .42 N 001 22 .27 Ereferred to World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) datum (the world-wide datum used by Global Positioning System(GPS))3 Most charts are not yet referred to WGS84 datum . This means that, in those cases, positionsobtained from satellite navigation receivers will not be directly compatible with the chart and must not beused without adjustment.

7 Hydrographic offices are attempting to refer as many new charts as possible toWGS84, but there remain many areas of the world where information does not exist to enable thetransformation to be known, the horizontal datum of the chart is usually named in the chart title albeit, on its own,this information is of limited benefit to the mariner. Since 1982 many hydrographic offices have been adding Satellite-Derived Positions notes (usually situated close to the title) when charts have been revised. Thisnote provides a latitude and longitude adjustment to be applied to positions obtained directly from satellitenavigation systems (such as GPS) to make them compatible with the horizontal datum of the 2I:\CIRC\SN\ following provides a worked example:Satellite-Derived Position (WGS-84 datum )64 22 .00 N 021 30 .00 Wlatitude/longitude adjustments 0.

8 07 S 0 .24 EAdjusted position (compatible with chart datum )64 21 .93 N 021 29 .76 WIn this example, the shift equates to approximately 230 metres which can be plotted at scales largerthan 1:1,000, known, these adjustments are an average value for the whole area covered by the chart andare quoted to 2 decimal places of a minute in both latitude and longitude, so that the maximum uncertaintyis about 10 metres in both latitude and longitude ( ' and ' will both be rounded to '). Thisuncertainty can be plotted at scales larger than 1:30,000 (where it is represented by mm on the chart).7 Inevitably, cases exist where overlapping charts show different latitude or longitude shift values. Forexample, one chart might show ' and its neighbour '; for each individual chart the value will be anaverage, but in the area common to both charts the value will range from ' to '.

9 8In the cases where an adjustment cannot be determined because of the lack of knowledge aboutthe relationship between WGS84 datum and the datum of the chart, the hydrographic office may add a noteto that effect warning that adjustments may be significant to navigation . The largest difference betweensatellite navigation derived and charted position reported so far is 7 miles in the Pacific Ocean, but evenlarger undiscovered differences may exist. Where charts do not contain any note about position adjustmentit must not be assumed that no adjustment is manufacturers of GPS receivers are now incorporating datum transformations into theirsoftware which enable users to (apparently) receive positions referred to datums other than WGS84 datum . Unfortunately, many cases exist where a single transformation will not be accurate for a large regionaldatum.

10 For example, the relationship between WGS84 datum and European datum (1950) is verydifferent between the north and south of the region, despite the datum name being the same. Therefore, theposition transformed to European datum (1950) in the receiver by means of a Europe -wide average maydiffer from the WGS84 datum position output by the receiver, amended to European datum (1950) by theshift note on an individual chart. In the light of the 100 metre accuracy of the Standard Positioning Serviceof GPS this may not be significant, but it is an additional source of error and is of major significance ifdifferential GPS (DGPS) is being used for must not be assumed that all charts in a region are referred to the regional datum . For example,although most metric charts of mainland European waters are referred to European datum (1950), manycharts are also referred to local datums.