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Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU industries

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU industries Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies Directorate-General for Internal Policies Authors: Jan Maarten DE VET, Daniel NIGOHOSYAN, Jorge N EZ FERRER, Ann-Kristin GROSS, Silvia KUEHL, and Michael FLICKENSCHILD PE - March 2021 EN STUDY Requested by the ITRE committee Abstract The COVID-19 crisis has had a substantial impact on the EU27 economy and triggered unprecedented policy responses across Europe and the globe.

OECD . Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development . OEM . ... However, it is important to note that a return of the economic activity to pre -crisis level s entails slow growth for the EU economy . There are . ... diversification rather than reshoring/onshoring. The crisis accentuated the strategic importance of

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1 Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU industries Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies Directorate-General for Internal Policies Authors: Jan Maarten DE VET, Daniel NIGOHOSYAN, Jorge N EZ FERRER, Ann-Kristin GROSS, Silvia KUEHL, and Michael FLICKENSCHILD PE - March 2021 EN STUDY Requested by the ITRE committee Abstract The COVID-19 crisis has had a substantial impact on the EU27 economy and triggered unprecedented policy responses across Europe and the globe.

2 With evidence on the effects on the EU industry manifested until the beginning of 2021, this report aims to address the following key is sues: (1) im pact of COVID-19 on the EU economy as a whole and across sectors; (2) im pa ct on strategic value chains; and (3) necessary recovery measures to meet the needs of the EU industry. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE).

3 Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU industries This document was requested by the European Parliament's committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE). AUTHORS Jan Maarten de Vet, Ecorys Daniel Nigohosyan, Ecorys Jorge N ez Ferrer, CEPS Ann-Kristin Gross, Ecorys Silvia Kuehl, Ecorys Michael Flickenschild, Ecorys ADMINISTRATORS RES PONSIBLE Matteo CIUCCI Fr d ric GOUARD RES EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Catherine NAAS LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR Policy departments provide in-house and external expertise to support European Parliament committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU internal policies.

4 To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe for email alert u pdates , please write to: Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies European Parliament L-2929 - Luxembourg Email: Manuscript completed: March 2021 Date of publication: March 2021 Eur opean Union, 2021 This document is available on the internet at: n aly s es DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIG HT The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament.

5 Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the European Parliament is given prior notice and sent a copy. For citation purposes, the publication should be referenced as: de Vet, , et al. Impacts of the COV ID-19 pandemic on E U industries , Publication for the committee on Industry, Research and Energy, Po l icy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, European Parliament, L u xe m bourg, 2021. Cover image used under licence from ShutterstockImpacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU industries 3 PE CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5 L I S T O F BOX ES 7 LIST OF FIGURES 7 LIST OF TABLES 7 EX ECU TIVE S UMMARY 8 INTRODUCTION 10 1.

6 IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PAND EM I C ON EU INDUS T RIES 12 Impact on the economy as a whole 12 Analysis and assessment of the Impacts on specific industries 17 Impact on the automotive industries 17 Impact on the aerospace industries 19 Impact on the chemical industries 21 Impact on the construction industries 23 Impact on the food & drinks industries 24 Impact on the textiles & apparel industries 27 Impact on the cultural and creative industries 29 Impact on the digital industries 32 Impact on the healthcare industries 34 Cr os s-sectoral analysis 35 2.

7 Impacts ON STRATEGIC VALUE CHAINS 40 Overview of strategic value chains 40 Impact on strategic value chains 41 Automotive strategic value chains 42 Digital strategic value chains 44 Healthcare and chemicals strategic value chains 47 Relocation policies for Europe s strategic autonomy 49 3. AS S ESS ING THE RECOVERY MEASU RES 52 Overview of recovery measures taken so far 52 Me a s ur es t ak en b y t h e E U 52 Me a s ur es t ak en b y Mem b er St a t es 53 The Recovery Plan and the Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 55 The approval and implementation process 56 Assessment of the guidelines for the national recovery and resilience plans 59 Alignment of the draft national plans to the EU guidance and industry needs 62 IPOL | Policy Department for Economic.

8 Scientific and Quality of Life Policies PE 66 2. 90 3 4 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 65 REFER ENCES 70 ANNEX A: LIST OF INTERVIEWEES 82 ANNEX B: LIST OF ATTENDEES TO THE FOCU S GROUPS 83 Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU industries 5 PE LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACEA European Automobile Manufacturers' Association ADAS Advanced Driver-Assistance Sy st ems AI Artificial Intelligence API Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient AV Autonomous Vehicles B2C Business-to-Co n su mer CAV Connected and Au t o n om ou s Vehicle CCI Cultural and Creative industries CCSA Committee for the Coordination of Statistical Activities COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019 CRII

9 Coronavirus Response Investment Initiative CSR Country-Specific Recommendation EAMA European Automotive Manufacturers Association EC European Commission ECB European central bank EIB European Investment Bank ES M European Stability Mechanism EU European Union GDP Gross Domestic Product GDPR General Data Protection Regulation HORECA Hotellerie-Restaurant-Caf JTF Just Transition Fund K ET Key Enabling Technologies IPOL | Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies PE 66 2. 90 3 6 ICT Information and Communications Technology IMF International Monetary Fund IPCEI Important Projects of Common European Interest ITRE Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (of the European Parliament)

10 IT Information Technology LIDAR Light detection Li-ion Lithium-ion MMF Multiannual Financial Framework NG EU Next Generation EU OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer PC Personal Computer PMI Purchasing Managers' Index PPE Personal Protective Equ ipm ent Q Quarter (of the year) R&D Research and Development REACT-EU Recovery Assistance for Cohesion and the Territories of Europe RRF Recovery and Resilience Facility SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprises S TEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics SURE Unemployment Risks in an Emergency T&A Textiles and Apparel UK United Kingdom US United States Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU industries 7 PE LIST OF B OXE S Box 1: Electric vehicles 19 Box 2: Artificial Intelligence 34 Box 3: National recovery and resilience plans.