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1 1252 NASPHV compendium of Veterinary Standard precautions JAVMA, Vol 247, No. 11, December 1, 2015 compendium of Veterinary Standard precautions for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Veterinary PersonnelNational Association of State Public Health VeterinariansVeterinary Infection Control Committee 2015 Preface ..1254I. INTRODUCTION ..1254A. OBJECTIVES ..1254B. BACKGROUND ..1254C. SCOPE AND 1255D. CONSIDERATIONS ..1255II. ZOONOTIC DISEASE TRANSMISSION AND INFECTION PREVENTION ..1256A. CONTRACT TRANSMISSION.

2 1256B. AEROSOL: AIRBORNE AND DROPLET TRANSMISSION ..1256C. VECTOR-BORNE TRANSMISSION ..1257 STANDARD precautions ..1257A. HAND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE ACTIONS AND EQUIPMENT ..12581. Gloves ..12582. Facial Protection ..12583. Respiratory Tract Protection ..12594. Protective Outerwear ..1259a. Laboratory coats, smocks, aprons, and coveralls ..1259b. Nonsterile gowns ..1259c. Footwear ..1260d. Head covers ..1260C. PROTECTIVE ACTIONS DURING Veterinary PROCEDURES ..12601. Patient Intake ..12602. Animal Handling and Injury Prevention.

3 12603. Examination of Animals ..12604. Injection, Venipuncture, and Aspiration Needlestick injury prevention ..1260b. Barrier protection ..12615. Dentistry ..1261 6. Resuscitation ..12617. Obstetrics ..12618. Necropsy ..12619. Diagnostic Specimen Handling ..1262 10. Wound Care and Abscess Treatment ..1262D. ENVIRONMENTAL INFECTION CONTROL ..12621. Cleaning and Disinfection of Equipment and Surfaces ..12622. Isolation of Animals with Infectious Diseases ..12633. Handling of Laundry ..12634. Spill Response and Decontamination.

4 12635. Medical Waste ..12636. Rodent and Vector Control ..12637. Other Environmental Controls ..1264IV. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ..1264A. Employee Vaccination Policies and Record Keeping ..1264a. Overview ..1264b. Rabies ..1264c. Tetanus ..1264 d. Management and Documentation of Exposure Incidents ..1265 3. Staff Training and Education .. 1265 B. IMMUNOCOMPROMISED Personnel ..1265 C. PREGNANCY ..1265 JAVMA, Vol 247, No. 11, December 1, 2015 NASPHV compendium of Veterinary Standard precautions 1253V. CREATING A WRITTEN INFECTION CONTROL PLAN.

5 1266A. INFECTION CONTROL Personnel ..1266B. IMPLEMENTING THE INFECTION CONTROL PLAN .. 12661. Leadership ..12662. New Staff ..12663. Review and Revision ..12664. Compliance ..12665. Availability ..1266VI. REFERENCES ..1266 Appendices 1 Selected zoonotic diseases of importance in the United States, 2015 ..1272 2 Antimicrobial spectrum of hand-hygiene antiseptic agents ..1274 3 Selected disinfectants used in Veterinary practice ..1275 4 Model infection control plan for Veterinary practices, The NASPHV VICC Carl J.

6 Williams (Co-Chair), dvm, dacvpm, State Public Health Veterinarian, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC M. Scheftel (Co-Chair), dvm, mph, dacvpm, State Public Health Veterinarian, Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN L. Elchos, rn, dvm, Deputy State Veterinarian, Mississippi Board of Animal Health, Jackson, MS G. Hopkins, dvm, mph, Public Health Veterinarian, Public Health, formerly of Public Health Seattle & King County, Seattle, WA F. Levine, dvm, mph, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC to the CommitteeMichael R.

7 Bell, md, CDC, Atlanta, GA D. Dvorak, dvm, mph, Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, Ames, IA H. Funk, dvm, mph&tm, dacvpm, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Atlanta, GA D. Gibbons, dvm, mph, dacvpm, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH Chea Hall, dvm, AVMA, Schaumburg, IL M. Holzbauer, dvm, mph, dacvpm, Office of Public Health P eparedness and Response, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, and Minne- sota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN D. Just, dvm, ms, dacvpm, USDA APHIS Veterinary Services (USDA APHIS VS), Saint Paul, MN M.

8 Samples, cvt, nph, dhs, National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America (NAVTA), Alexandria, VA Traverse, cvt, mla, American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA), Lakewood, CO 80228. This article has not undergone peer review; opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the AVMA. Address correspondence to Dr. Williams NASPHV compendium of Veterinary Standard precautions JAVMA, Vol 247, No. 11, December 1, 2015 PrefaceThe VSP outlined in this compendium represent routine infection prevention practices designed to minimize transmission of zoonotic pathogens from animals to Veterinary Personnel .

9 This compendium has been extensively revised and updated since the 2010 Importantly, the concept of occupational safety and health in Veterinary medicine is beginning to achieve equity with employee safety and health in human health care. The NORA states that [v]eteri-nary medicine and other animal care Personnel are at substantial risk for various occupationally acquired in-juries and illnesses, many of which parallel and even exceed those encountered in human healthcare. 2 The NORA had not previously addressed the Veterinary medical workforce, but a shift occurred in 2013, when Veterinary medical occupational safety and health was included as a component of the transmission of zoonotic diseases from animals to Veterinary Personnel represents 1 component of a comprehensive safety and health program.

10 This compendium places infection pre-vention in this context and endorses the concept of conducting workplace risk assessments and using a hierarchy of controls to minimize employee safety and health risks. The hierarchy of controls refers to a range of measures that may be taken to reduce the risk posed by workplace hazards: elimination, substi-tution, engineering, and administrative procedures and use of thorough review of the human and Veterinary medical literature has been conducted and has resulted in updates to a number of recommendations.