Income tax, social security and immigration 2015–16

1 Worldwide Personal Tax Guide Income tax, social security and immigration 2015 16. Preface Governments worldwide continue to reform their tax codes at a historically rapid rate. Taxpayers need a current guide, such as the Worldwide Personal Tax Guide, in such a shifting tax land- scape, especially if they are contemplating new markets. The content is straightforward. Chapter by chapter, from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, we summarize personal tax systems and immigration rules in 162 jurisdictions. The content is current on 1 July 2015 , with exceptions noted. Each chapter begins with EY's in-country executive and immi- gration contact information, and some jurisdictions add contacts from our Private Client Services practice. Then we lay out the essential facts about the jurisdiction's personal taxes. We start with the personal Income tax, explaining who is liable for tax and, at some length, what types of Income are considered taxable and which rates, deductions and credits apply. A section on other taxes varies by jurisdiction but often includes estate, inheritance, gift and real estate taxes.

2 A social security section covers pay- ments for publicly provided health, pensions and other social benefits, followed by sections on tax filing and payment proce- dures as well as double tax relief and tax treaties. The immigra- tion sections provide information on temporary visas, work visas and permits, residence visas and permits, and family and per- sonal considerations. At the back of the guide, you will find a list of the names and codes for all national currencies and a list of contacts for other jurisdictions. For many years, the Worldwide Personal Tax Guide was joined by two companion guides on broad-based taxes: the Worldwide Corporate Tax Guide and the Worldwide VAT, GST and Sales Tax Guide. In recent years, those three have been joined by addi- tional tax guides on more-specific topics, including the Worldwide Estate and Inheritance Tax Guide, the Worldwide Transfer Pricing Reference Guide, the Global Oil and Gas Tax Guide, the Worldwide R&D Incentives Reference Guide and the Worldwide Cloud Computing Tax Guide.

3 Each of the guides represents thousands of hours of tax research. They are available free online along with timely Global Tax Alerts and other great publications on or in our EY. Global Tax Guides app for tablets. Please contact us if you need more copies of the Worldwide Personal Tax Guide. Keep up with the latest updates at GlobalTaxGuides, and find out more about the app at TaxGuidesApp. EY. September 2015 . This material has been prepared for general informational pur- poses only and is not intended to be relied upon as accounting, tax, or other professional advice. Please refer to your advisors for specific advice. About EY's Tax Services Your business will only succeed if you build it on a strong founda- tion and grow it in a sustainable way. At EY, we believe that managing your tax obligations responsibly and proactively can make a critical difference. Our 38,000 talented tax professionals, in more than 140 countries, give you technical knowledge, busi- ness experience, consistency and an unwavering commitment to quality service wherever you are and whatever tax services you need.

4 2015 EYGM Limited. All Rights Reserved. Contents Introducing People Advisory Services .. 1. EY Global Tax contacts .. 3. Afghanistan .. 5. Albania .. 12. 20. Angola .. 27. Anguilla (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Antigua and Barbuda (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. 32. Armenia .. 42. Aruba .. 53. Australia .. 58. Austria (European Union member state) .. 73. Azerbaijan .. 86. Bahamas .. 90. Bahrain .. 94. Bangladesh (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Barbados .. 97. Belarus .. 106. Belgium (European Union member state) .. 117. Bermuda .. 131. Bolivia .. 140. Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (BES-Islands) .. 145. Bosnia and Herzegovina (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Botswana .. 150. Brazil .. 156. British Virgin Islands .. 167. Brunei 172. Bulgaria (European Union member state) .. 175. Burkina Faso (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter).. 1483. Cambodia .. 185. Cameroon .. 192. 200. Cayman Islands .. 222.

5 Chad .. 230. Chile .. 237. China .. 245. Colombia .. 261. Congo, Democratic Republic of .. 271. Congo, Republic of .. 275. Costa Rica .. 282. C te d'Ivoire .. 286. Croatia (European Union member state) .. 296. Cura ao .. 303. Cyprus (European Union member state) .. 312. Czech Republic (European Union member state) .. 318. Denmark (European Union member state) .. 329. Dominica (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Dominican Republic .. 338. Ecuador .. 342. Egypt .. 348. El Salvador .. 356. Equatorial Guinea .. 362. Estonia (European Union member state) .. 368. Ethiopia .. 388. Faroe Islands (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter).. 1483. Fiji .. 395. Finland (European Union member state).. 401. France (European Union member state) .. 410. Gabon .. 431. Georgia .. 437. Germany (European Union member state) .. 449. Ghana .. 471. Gibraltar .. 478. Greece (European Union member state) .. 492. Greenland (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Grenada (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter).

6 1483. Guam .. 504. Guatemala .. 511. Guernsey, Channel Islands .. 517. Guinea .. 525. Guyana (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter).. 1483. Honduras .. 530. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China .. 533. Hungary (European Union member state).. 544. Iceland .. 555. India .. 564. Indonesia .. 584. Iraq .. 596. Ireland, Republic of (European Union member state) .. 600. Isle of Man .. 622. 630. Italy (European Union member state) .. 645. 659. Japan .. 666. Jersey, Channel Islands .. 677. Jordan .. 687. Kazakhstan .. 691. Kenya .. 700. Korea (South) .. 709. 728. Kuwait .. 738. Kyrgyzstan (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Laos .. 743. Latvia (European Union member state) .. 748. 757. 763. Liberia (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Libya .. 767. Liechtenstein .. 771. Lithuania (European Union member state) .. 775. Luxembourg (European Union member state) .. 784. Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China .. 800. Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic 808.

7 Madagascar .. 814. Malawi .. 817. Malaysia .. 824. Maldives .. 838. Mali (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Malta (European Union member state) .. 839. Marshall Islands (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Mauritania .. 859. Mauritius .. 864. Mexico .. 873. Micronesia (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Moldova .. 885. Monaco (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Mongolia .. 891. Montenegro, Republic of .. 897. Montserrat (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Morocco .. 902. Mozambique .. 910. Myanmar .. 915. Namibia .. 920. Netherlands (European Union member state) .. 928. New Zealand .. 949. Nicaragua .. 965. Niger (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. 969. Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of the .. 977. Norway .. 985. Oman .. 995. Pakistan .. 1000. Palau (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Palestinian 1016. Panama .. 1020. Papua New 1028. Paraguay .. 1034. Peru .. 1038.

8 1047. Poland (European Union member state) .. 1070. Portugal (European Union member state) .. 1078. Puerto Rico .. 1091. 1101. Romania (European Union member state) .. 1105. Russian Federation .. 1112. 1125. St. Kitts and Nevis (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. St. Lucia .. 1129. St. Vincent and the Grenadines (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Saudi 1134. Senegal .. 1141. Serbia, Republic of .. 1147. Seychelles .. 1152. Singapore .. 1155. Sint 1168. Slovak Republic (European Union member state) .. 1176. Slovenia (European Union member state) .. 1184. South Africa .. 1195. South Sudan .. 1208. Spain (European Union member state).. 1212. Sri Lanka .. 1233. Suriname .. 1246. Swaziland .. 1252. Sweden (European Union member state) .. 1258. Switzerland .. 1268. Taiwan .. 1281. Tajikistan (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Tanzania .. 1297. Thailand .. 1305. Timor-Leste (formerly East Timor). (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter).

9 1483. Trinidad and Tobago .. 1311. Tunisia .. 1320. Turkey .. 1327. 1337. Uganda .. 1344. 1351. United Arab Emirates .. 1361. United Kingdom (European Union member state).. 1365. United States .. 1402. US Virgin Islands .. 1435. 1441. 1446. Venezuela .. 1452. Vietnam .. 1458. Yemen (Contacts for other jurisdictions chapter) .. 1483. Zambia .. 1470. 1474. Contacts for other 1483. Foreign 1485. 1. Introducing People Advisory Services The world is changing and will continue to do so. The market is experiencing huge developments in globalization, demographics, technology, regulation and the competitive landscape. As a result of these changing dynamics, EY has identified the need for an integrated, comprehensive people-services offering. As the global workforce evolves and organizations continue to change, the need for end-to-end people offerings has become critical to building a better working world. People Advisory Services (PAS) harnesses the collective power of EY's Human Capital and People & Organizational Change prac- tices.

10 With an enhanced set of joint people capabilities, we provide our clients with an effective and efficient set of integrated offerings addressing their most pertinent people-related business challenges. Driven by our focused insight and innovation, PAS meets the scale and complexity of how and where our clients work globally. For PAS, a better working world means addressing complex indus- try issues and capitalizing on opportunities to help deliver out- comes that grow, strengthen and protect our clients' businesses. What we provide is broader than human resources (HR) services and represents capabilities and offerings with respect to our cli- ents' transformational and transactional agendas and management of evolving workforces, the changing role of HR in support of business strategy and the strategic deployment of talent. A listing of the Executive Leadership Team is provided below. If you have any questions or want to find out more about how PAS. can help your people give you a competitive advantage, please get in touch.