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Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India

1 Supported by Global Green Growth Institute Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India Draft Final Report Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India 2 The Energy and Resources Institute 2015 Suggested format for citation T E R I. 2015 Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India . New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute. 34 pp. Author Suneel Pandey, Associate Director, TERI Email: Jai Kishan Malik, Research Associate, TERI Email: Reviewer Shri Prakash, Distinguished Fellow, TERI Email: For more information Project Monitoring Cell T E R I Tel.

generated in a country must be one of the priorities while forming policies at national level. However, the situation of solid waste and sanitation in India has always been questionable. The major reasons, particularly in urban areas, are economic growth, migration from cities,

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Transcription of Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India

1 1 Supported by Global Green Growth Institute Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India Draft Final Report Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India 2 The Energy and Resources Institute 2015 Suggested format for citation T E R I. 2015 Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India . New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute. 34 pp. Author Suneel Pandey, Associate Director, TERI Email: Jai Kishan Malik, Research Associate, TERI Email: Reviewer Shri Prakash, Distinguished Fellow, TERI Email: For more information Project Monitoring Cell T E R I Tel.

2 2468 2100 or 2468 2111 Darbari Seth Block E-mail IHC Complex, Lodhi Road Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145 New Delhi 110 003 Web i i India India +91 Delhi (0)11 Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India 3 Table of Contents 1 Background .. 5 2 Policy framework .. 6 3 Institutional Framework for Implementation .. 9 4 Challenges .. 11 5 Learnings from international good practices .. 13 Brazil .. 13 Europe .. 13 6 Measures for adopting green growth .. 14 Integrated Solid Waste Management .

3 14 Financing Mechanisms .. 16 Subsidies .. 17 Loans from government or other financial institutions .. 18 Incentives to invest in Waste sector .. 18 Challenges in the financial support to solid Waste Management .. 19 Use of Economic Instruments .. 20 Public private partnership .. 21 Use of technology .. 24 Collection .. 24 Recycling .. 26 Composting .. 26 Waste to Energy .. 27 Deployment of technology .. 29 7 Ways forward .. 30 8 References .. 34 Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India 4 List of Tables Table 1: Projections of Waste production in India at an all India level for 2011, 2021, 2031 and 2041.

4 6 Table 2: Major landmarks in the history of Waste Management in India .. 7 Table 3: Role of different institutions in solid Waste Management .. 11 Table 4: Knowledge barriers and interventions .. 15 Table 5: Administrative/policy barriers and interventions .. 15 Table 6: Recommended cost sharing for MSWM activities .. 19 Table 7 Financial Barriers and interventions .. 20 Table 8: Projects involving PPP under JnNURM .. 22 Table 9: Projects which received funding from MNRE .. 28 Table 10: Technological barriers and interventions.

5 29 List of Figures Figure 1: Role of different agencies in Waste Management .. 10 Figure 2 Composition of Municipal Solid Waste in India .. 24 List of Boxes Box 1: Regional Waste Management approach in Gujarat .. 12 Box 2: Case study on efficient collection system .. 25 Box 3: Case study on recycling of paper Waste .. 26 Box 4: Case study for biogas technology .. 28 Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India 51 Background With increasing population, the Management of municipal solid Waste (MSW) in the country has emerged as a severe problem not only because of the environmental and aesthetic concerns but also because of the sheer quantities generated every day.

6 According to the Central Pollution Control Board, 1,27,486 TPD (tons per day) of MSW was generated in India during 2011. Of the total Waste generated, approximately 89,334 TPD (70%) of MSW was collected and only 15,881 TPD ( ) was processed or treated (CPCB, 2013). Segregation at source, collection, transportation, treatment and scientific disposal of Waste was largely insufficient leading to degradation of environment and poor quality of life. This paper primarily focuses on the issues related to the Management of municipal solid Waste .

7 The key issues impacting proper Management of MSW include the following: Limited primary collection at the doorstep Reluctance in public to take ownership Unavailability of adequate funds Lack of access to proper technology; and Unscientific disposal of MSW at dump sites In addition, as per CPCB estimates, the class I1 cities and class II2 towns in the country generate around 38,254 MLD (Million Litres per Day) of sewage of which only 11,787 MLD (31%) is treated and balance is discharged untreated (Ref).

8 The key issue regarding sewage collection treatment and disposal at the national as well as state level is inadequate provision of sewage treatment facilities which is one of the major cause of pollution of water bodies in the country. As per the estimates of CPCB, annually around million Metric Ton (MT) of hazardous Waste is generated from 40,000 industries in the country, of which landfillable Waste is million MT ( ), incinerable million MT ( ) and recyclable hazardous Waste is million MT ( ).

9 (CPCB, 2010) The mechanism of disposal of hazardous wastes lacks proper enforcement resulting in abandoned hazardous Waste dumps. These abandoned disposal sites have the potential to cause soil and groundwater contamination due to heavy metals and other toxic compounds, some of which bio-accumulate through the food chain, thereby posing long-term health risks. The present treatment capacity for Industrial wastewater is 1/6th (142 MLD) of total generation.

10 So the total Industrial wastewater generation can be pegged at around 850 MLD. The rate of municipal Waste generation in India in 2011 was T/day. This was divided by the then Urban population to get the per capita Waste generation rate of kg/day. The amount of Waste generated per capita is estimated to increase at the rate of annually. (Pappu et al., 2007). Using the Urban population projections in the year 2011, 2021, 2031 and 2041, the total amount of Waste generated in India can be calculated as shown 1 Class I: Pop u lation 100,000 an d above 2 Class II: Pop u lation 50,000 to 99,999 Industrial and Urban Waste Management in India 6in the table 1 (Scenario B, PFI).


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