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1 ** **.. International Trends of Standardization Activities . Bunro SHIOZAWA.. 1 . 1 . standardization .. voluntary standard . mandatory standard . WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers ISO International to Trade TBT. Organization for Standardization standard . IEC International Electrotechnical Commission technical regulation .. 1 .. de jure standard . JIS. ISO IEC .. ( ) . Executive Director, Director for International Standardization Activities Support Center, Japanese standard 2 Standards Association PATENT STUDIES 2008 3 5. ** **.. de fact standard .. Windows .. Blue Tooth ISO .. ISO100 400 . ISO .. 2 . 1 . 2 ISO . 1906 IEC ITU International Telecommunication 3. IEC Union . IEC ITU . ISO . 1 . 1 . ITU *3 .. ISO IEC .. *1 *2 . ITU R . ITU T .. 17,041 5,213 1,200 3,100.

2 1926 ISA 1865 . 1906 . 1947 ISO 1932 ITU . 104 51 191.. 53 17 607 . JISC .. *1 , 2007 12 *2 2007 12 *3 2007 10 . 6 PATENT STUDIES 2008 3. ** **.. 4, 5 . ISO IEC ISO 2006 1 . 1,388 846 542 7 .. 9 . 6 .. 2 .. ISO .. ISO. Technical Committee TC . Sub-committee SC 2 .. ISO 2007 12 743 TC SC . 50,000 .. 2 ISO 2007 4 20 . TC/SC (%). 123 119 81 67 51 14 82 ISO TC/SC 684 . PATENT STUDIES 2008 3 7. ** **. 3 TBT . 1 . 10 .. ISO 9000 . ISO 14000 .. 8 .. 2 WTO TBT .. 1995 TBT . TBT 2001 . WTO .. 9 1996 . WTO Agreement on Government Procurement . 8 PATENT STUDIES 2008 3. ** **. Communication 14 .. 4 .. 1998 EU . Directive 98/34 . CEN 11 /CENELEC 12 /ESTI 13 .. EN Standards Action Plan for 20,000 EN European Standardization 2007 3 .. CEN 1991 ISO CENELEC . 1996 IEC 16.

3 4 .. 2004 10 CEN CENELEC .. The Role of European . Standardisation in the Framework of European . Policies and Legislation ISO IEC . PATENT STUDIES 2008 3 9. ** **. 1995 National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act NTTAA . 5 . 100 ANS .. 15. 1995 TBT . 450 . ASTM International 16 .. ASME American Society for Mechanical Engineers . SAE Society of Automotive Engineers IEEE 17 TBT . ISO .. 20 80% ANSI 2000 National Standards Strategy for the United States 2005 United States Standards Strategy .. American National . Standards Institute ANSI 1918 . ANSI . ANSI .. TBT .. ANSI 200 ISO IEC .. 10,000 . American National Standard ANS . 18 ANSI ISO IEC 19 United States Standards Strategy . ANSI .. 10 PATENT STUDIES 2008 3. ** **.. 6 . 2001 . WTO . 8.

4 2003 WTO .. SAC Standardization Administration of China . ISO IEC .. 2001 12 . WTO 21 22 23 4 .. ANSI 4 . ASTM International IEEE .. 16, 17 . SAC 2007 3 11 . 5 .. WAPI . 6 IEEE . ISO/IEC .. 20 . PATENT STUDIES 2008 3 11. ** **. WTO BSI DIN AFNOR .. 4 EMERSON . SIEMENS Volkswagen . 25 .. a 2008 5 . 9,540 . 2010 2003 WAPI . 2,000 . 6,000 . WAPI . b IEEE wi-fi . 2010 80 2006 LAN . 21,410 9,931 2003 . 11 LAN . 24. WAPI . c 2010 . 50 .. 2010 1,000 . WAPI ISO/IEC JTC1 26 . ISO IEC WAPI . ISO/IEC JTC1 3 6% . c . ISO . WAPI .. SAC b ANSI Suttmeier 27 . 12 PATENT STUDIES 2008 3. ** **.. 2007 6 .. 2005 4 .. Suttmeier .. 7 .. 8 . 2006 12 Alan Bryden ISO 2007 11 . ISO .. 2006 11 .. ISO . 2015 .. ISO . ISO/IEC . JISC ISO .. PATENT STUDIES 2008 3 13. ** **.. 1.

5 ISO .. DIN . ISO Social Responsibility SR . 2010 .. BCP: Business Continuity Plan .. BSI 28 . 14 PATENT STUDIES 2008 3. ** **. 2 . ISO 9000 Windows ISO 14000 Netscape .. 29 .. ISO IEC ITU .. 2007 3. 3 .. Reasonable and Non- Discriminatory RAND .. ISO . 4 Private Standards Private Standards .. 3 .. Private Standards .. Standards .. Private Standards .. PATENT STUDIES 2008 3 15. ** **.. TC/SC .. TC/SC P . P 1/2 5.. 9 .. TC/SC .. TBT . P .. TC/SC P . P 2/3 . 1/4 .. ISO ISO .. 16 PATENT STUDIES 2008 3. ** **.. ISO . Technical Management Board TMB .. TC/SC P .. PATENT STUDIES 2008 3 17. ** **. 10 6 2 . 11 CEN European Committee for Standardisation . ISO . 1961 .. 12 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization IEC . 1973 .. 13 ESTI European Telecommunications Standards Institute.

6 1988 . 1 ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, Standardization and related activities - . General vocabulary . 14 Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament 2 ISO/IEC Guide 2 Standard . and the Council on the role of European Standardisation in the . framework of European policies and legislation, Brussels, 18.. , COM(2004)674.. 15 Standards and Competitiveness- Coordination for Results, the . US Department of Commerce, May 2004.. 16 American Society for Testing and Material. 3 IEC . 17 . Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.. 18 ANSI . 1890 . ANS .. 4 TBT . 19 IEC . international body . ANSI . TBT . 20 4 .. 21 2003 20,906 2006. 5 . 21,410 .. 22 . WHO FAO . 2004 . OECD .. 37,850 SAC . ICAO . 23 2004 . IMO . 15,800 SAC .. 24 2007 11 13 14.

7 UNECE .. SAC .. 25 . 6 British Standards Institution BSI . 26 . association faran aise de normalization AFNOR . ISO IEC . Deutsches Institut f r Normung DIN . JTC Joint Technical Committee . American National Standards Institute ANSI . 27 Standards of Power? Richard P. Suttmeier, et. al., NBR Special . Report, 2007, The National Bureau of Asian Research.. 28 BSI 25999. 7 97 . 29 QR 2 . 8 Shiro Kurihara, The General Framework and Scope of Standard ISO/IEC . Studies, Hitotsubashi Journal of Commerce and Management, ISO/IEC 18004 . , , , October 2006. DVD-R . 9 2 4 . ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 23912 . F. 18 PATENT STUDIES 2008 3.