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Insight Report The Travel & Tourism …

The Travel & Tourism competitiveness Report 2013 Reducing Barriers to Economic Growth and Job CreationInsight ReportJennifer Blanke and Thea Chiesa, editorsInsight ReportJennifer BlankeThea ChiesaEditorsThe Travel & Tourism competitiveness Report 2013 Reducing Barriers to Economic Growth and Job Creation 2013 World Economic ForumThe Travel & Tourism competitiveness Report 2013 is published by the World Economic Forum within the framework of The Global competitiveness and Benchmarking Network and the Industry Partnership Programme for Aviation, Travel & Klaus SchwabExecutive ChairmanB rge BrendeManaging Director, Government Relations and Constituents EngagementRobert Greenhill Managing Director, Chief Business Officer John Moavenzadeh Senior Director, Head of Mobility IndustriesEDITORSJ ennifer Blanke, Senior Director, Lead Economist, Head of The Global competitiveness and Benchmarking NetworkThea Chiesa, Director, Head of Aviation, Travel & Tourism THE GLOBAL competitiveness AND BENCHMARKING

The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013 Reducing Barriers to Economic Growth and Job Creation Insight Report Jennifer Blanke and Thea Chiesa, editors

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1 The Travel & Tourism competitiveness Report 2013 Reducing Barriers to Economic Growth and Job CreationInsight ReportJennifer Blanke and Thea Chiesa, editorsInsight ReportJennifer BlankeThea ChiesaEditorsThe Travel & Tourism competitiveness Report 2013 Reducing Barriers to Economic Growth and Job Creation 2013 World Economic ForumThe Travel & Tourism competitiveness Report 2013 is published by the World Economic Forum within the framework of The Global competitiveness and Benchmarking Network and the Industry Partnership Programme for Aviation, Travel & Klaus SchwabExecutive ChairmanB rge BrendeManaging Director, Government Relations and Constituents EngagementRobert Greenhill Managing Director, Chief Business Officer John Moavenzadeh Senior Director, Head of Mobility IndustriesEDITORSJ ennifer Blanke, Senior Director, Lead Economist, Head of The Global competitiveness and Benchmarking NetworkThea Chiesa, Director, Head of Aviation, Travel & Tourism THE GLOBAL competitiveness AND BENCHMARKING NETWORKBe at Bilbao-Osorio, Associate Director, Senior EconomistCiara Browne, Associate DirectorRoberto Crotti, Quantitative EconomistMargareta Drzeniek Hanouz, Director, Senior Economist, Head of competitiveness ResearchBrindusa Fidanza, Associate Director.

2 Environmental InitiativesThierry Geiger, Associate Director, EconomistTania Gutknecht, Community ManagerCaroline Ko, Junior EconomistCecilia Serin, Team CoordinatorWe thank Hope Steele for her excellent editing work and Neil Weinberg for his superb graphic design and terms country and nation as used in this Report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The terms cover well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent Economic ForumGenevaCopyright 2013by the World Economic ForumAll rights reserved.

3 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the World Economic : 978-92-95044-40-1 ISBN-10: 92-95044-40-1 This Report is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest and bound in Switzerland by full edition of the Report , with profiles of all 140 economies as well as an interactive data platform, is available at 2013 World Economic ForumThe Travel & Tourism competitiveness Report 2013 | iiiPartner Institutes vPreface xiiiby B rge Brende and Robert Greenhill, World Economic ForumExecutive Summary xvby Jennifer Blanke and Thea Chiesa, World Economic ForumPart 1.

4 Selected Issues of T&T The Travel & Tourism competitiveness 3 Index 2013 : Contributing to National Growth and Employmentby Jennifer Blanke, Thea Chiesa, and Roberto Crotti, World Economic How to Succeed as a Tourism 43 Destination in a Volatile Worldby J rgen Ringbeck and Timm Pietsch, Booz & Visa Facilitation: Stimulating Economic 49 Growth and Development through Tourismby Dirk Glaesser and John Kester, with M rcio Favilla, Sandra Carv o, Lorna Hartantyo, Birka Valentin, Lisa F rba , Kate Holmes, Jacinta Garc a, and Alberto G. Uceda, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) The Economic Benefits of Aviation 57 and Performance in the Travel & Tourism competitiveness Indexby Julie Perovic, International Air Transport Association (IATA) Travel & Tourism as a Driver 63 of Employment Growthby Rochelle Turner, World Travel & Tourism Council, and Zachary Sears, Oxford Competiveness, Jobs, and Green 71 Growth: A Glocal Modelby Geoffrey Lipman, and Victoria University Melbourne, and Terry Delacy and Paul Whitelaw, Victoria University MelbournePart 2: Country/Economy Profiles and 79 Data Country/Economy Profiles 81 How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.

5 83 Index of Countries/Economies ..85 Country/Economy Profiles .. Data Tables 367 How to Read the Data Tables ..369 Index of Data Tables ..371 Data Tables ..373 Technical Notes and Sources 471 About the Authors 479 Acknowledgments 481 Contents 2013 World Economic Forum 2013 World Economic ForumThe Travel & Tourism competitiveness Report 2013 | vThe World Economic Forum s Global Benchmarking Network is pleased to acknowledge and thank the following organizations as its valued Partner Institutes, without which the realization of The Travel & Tourism competitiveness Report 2013 would not have been feasible:AlbaniaInstitute for Contemporary Studies (ISB)Artan Hoxha, PresidentElira Jorgoni, Senior ExpertEndrit Kapaj, ExpertAlgeriaCentre de Recherche en Economie Appliqu e pour le D veloppement (CREAD)Youcef Benabdallah, Assistant ProfessorYassine Ferfera, DirectorArgentinaIAE Universidad AustralEduardo Luis Fracchia, ProfessorSantiago Novoa, Project ManagerArmeniaEconomy and Values Research CenterManuk Hergnyan, ChairmanSevak Hovhannisyan, Board Member and Senior AssociateGohar Malumyan, Research AssociateAustraliaAustralian Industry GroupColleen Dowling, Senior Research CoordinatorInnes Willox, Chief ExecutiveAustriaAustrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO)

6 Karl Aiginger, DirectorGerhard Schwarz, Coordinator, Survey DepartmentAzerbaijanAzerbaijan Marketing SocietyFuad Aliyev, Deputy ChairmanAshraf Hajiyev, ConsultantBahrainBahrain Economic Development BoardKamal Bin Ahmed, Minister of Transportation and Acting Chief Executive of the Economic Development BoardNada Azmi, Manager, Economic Planning and DevelopmentMaryam Matter, Coordinator, Economic Planning and DevelopmentBangladeshCentre for Policy Dialogue (CPD)Khondaker Golam Moazzem, Senior Research FellowKishore Kumer Basak, Research AssociateMustafizur Rahman, Executive DirectorBarbadosSir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of West Indies (UWI)

7 Judy Whitehead, DirectorBelgiumVlerick Business SchoolPriscilla Boiardi, Associate, Competence Centre Entrepreneurship, Governance and StrategyWim Moesen, ProfessorLeo Sleuwaegen, Professor, Competence Centre Entrepreneurship, Governance and StrategyBeninCAPOD Conception et Analyse de Politiques de D veloppementEpiphane Adjovi, DirectorMaria-Odile Attanasso, Deputy CoordinatorFructueux Deguenonvo, ResearcherBosnia and HerzegovinaMIT Center, School of Economics and Business in Sarajevo, University of SarajevoZlatko Lagumdzija, ProfessorZeljko Sain, Executive DirectorJasmina Selimovic, Assistant DirectorBotswanaBotswana National Productivity CentreLetsogile Batsetswe, Research Consultant and StatisticianBaeti Molake, Executive DirectorPhumzile Thobokwe, Manager, Information and Research Services DepartmentBrazilFunda o Dom Cabral, Bradesco Innovation CenterCarlos Arruda, International Relations Director, Innovation and competitiveness ProfessorDaniel Berger, Bachelor Student in EconomicsFabiana Madsen, Economist and Associate ResearcherMovimento Brasil Competitivo (MBC)

8 Carolina Aichinger, Project CoordinatorErik Camarano, Chief Executive OfficerBrunei DarussalamMinistry of Industry and Primary ResourcesPehin Dato Yahya Bakar, MinisterNormah Suria Hayati Jamil Al-Sufri, Permanent SecretaryBulgariaCenter for Economic DevelopmentAdriana Daganova, Expert, International Programmes and ProjectsAnelia Damianova, Senior ExpertBurkina Fasolnstitut Sup rieure des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), University of OuagadougouBaya Banza, DirectorPartner Institutes 2013 World Economic Forumvi | The Travel & Tourism competitiveness Report 2013 Partner InstitutesBurundiUniversity Research Centre for Economic and Social Development (CURDES), National University of BurundiBanderembako Deo, DirectorGilbert Niyongabo, Dean, Faculty of Economics & ManagementCambodiaEconomic Institute of CambodiaSok Hach, PresidentSokheng Sam, ResearcherCameroonComit de Comp titivit ( competitiveness Committee)Lucien Sanzouango, Permanent SecretaryCanadaThe Conference Board of CanadaMichael R.

9 Bloom, Vice-President, Organizational Effectiveness & LearningDouglas Watt, Associate DirectorCape VerdeINOVE RESEARCH Investiga o e Desenvolvimento, LdaJ lio Delgado, Partner and Senior ResearcherJos Mendes, Chief Executive OfficerSara Fran a Silva, Project ManagerChadGroupe de Recherches Alternatives et de Monitoring du Projet P trole-Tchad-Cameroun (GRAMP-TC)Antoine Doudjidingao, ResearcherGilbert Maoundonodji, DirectorCeline N nodji Mbaipeur, Programme OfficerChileUniversidad Adolfo Ib ezFernando Larrain Aninat, Director MBAL eonidas Montes, Dean, School of GovernmentChinaInstitute of Economic System and Management, National Development and Reform CommissionChen Wei, Research FellowDong Ying, ProfessorZhou Haichun, Deputy Director and ProfessorChina Center for Economic Statistics Research, TianjinUniversity of Finance and EconomicsBojuan Zhao, ProfessorFan Yang, Professor Jian Wang, Associate ProfessorHongye Xiao, ProfessorLu Dong, ProfessorColombiaNational Planning DepartmentSara Patricia Rivera, AdvisorJohn Rodr guez.

10 Coordinator, competitiveness ObservatoryJavier Villarreal, Enterprise Development DirectorColombian Private Council on CompetitivenessRosario C rdoba, PresidentMarco Llin s, VicepresidentC te d IvoireChambre de Commerce et d Industrie de C te d IvoireJean-Louis Billon, PresidentMamadou Sarr, Director GeneralCroatiaNational competitiveness CouncilJadranka Gable, AdvisorKresimir Jurlin, Research FellowCyprusThe European UniversityBambos Papageorgiou, Head of Socioeconomic and Academic Researchcdbbank The Cyprus Development BankMaria Markidou-Georgiadou, Manager, Business Development and Special ProjectsCzech RepublicCMC Graduate School of BusinessTomas Janca, Executive DirectorDenmarkDanish Technological Institute, Center for Policy and Business DevelopmentHanne Shapiro, Center ManagerEcuadorESPAE Graduate School of Management, Escuela Superior Polit cnica del Litoral (ESPOL)Elizabeth Arteaga, Project AssistantVirginia Lasio, DirectorSara Wong, ProfessorEgyptThe Egyptian Cent


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