INTERMEDIATE RUSSIAN: A GRAMMAR AND WORKBOOK

1 INTERMEDIATE RUSSIAN: A GRAMMAR AND WORKBOOKI ntermediate Russian: A GRAMMAR and WORKBOOK comprises an acces-sible and practical GRAMMAR with related exercises in a single a wide variety of texts from Russian sources, INTERMEDIATE Russianenables students to gain an insight into contemporary Russian societyand culture whilst strengthening their fluency in the language. Its 18 unitspresent a broad range of grammatical topics, illustrated by exampleswhich serve as models for the wide-ranging and varied exercisesthat follow. These exercises enable the student to master the relevantgrammar include: tests and exercises reflecting contemporary spoken Russian concise grammatical explanations full key to the exercises detailed indexIntermediate Russian, like its sister volume, Basic Russian, is ideal forboth independent study and use in class.

2 The two books comprise acompendium of the essentials of Russian Murray and Sarah Smyth are Lecturers in Russian at TrinityCollege, of related interest published by RoutledgeBasic Russian: A GRAMMAR and Workbookby John Murray and Sarah SmythColloquial Russian: The Complete Course for Beginnersby Svetlana Le Fleming and Susan E. KayRussian Learners Dictionaryby Nicholas BrownINTERMEDIATE RUSSIAN: A GRAMMAR ANDWORKBOOKJohn Murray and Sarah SmythLondon and New YorkFirst published 2001by Routledge11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4 EESimultaneously published in the USA and Canadaby Routledge29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group 2001 John Murray and Sarah SmythAll rights reserved.

3 No part of this book may be reprintedor reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,or other means, now known or hereafter invented, includingphotocopying and recording, or in any information storage orretrieval system, without permission in writing from the Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataMurray, John (John Damian) INTERMEDIATE Russian: a GRAMMAR and WORKBOOK / John Murray & Sarah Russian language GRAMMAR Problems, exercises, etc. 2. Russianlanguage Textbooks for foreign speakers English. I. Smyth, Sarah. II. 421 dc21 00 031058 ISBN 0 415 22102 1 (hbk)ISBN 0 415 22103 X (pbk)This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 0-203-18430-0 Master e-book ISBNISBN 0-203-18457-2 (Glassbook Format)To Stanford and FrancescaCONTENTSI ntroductionxiAcknowledgementsxiiiSources xvLists of abbreviationsxviiInteracting1 Naming, greetings and congratulating1 NamingFunctions: greetings and congratulatingLetter etiquetteFunction: пусть2 Thanking, apologising, requesting and advising16 ThankingApologisingAsking a third party to do something: просить/попроситьGiving advice: советовать/посоветоватьPhone etiquette3 Possession, desire and making suggestions25 Expressing possession: у меняExpressing desire/subjunctive.

4 чтобыMaking suggestions: modalsVerbal nouns: -ание, -ениеInfinitive constructions: написать ей письмо?Partitive genitive: налить вам водки?4 Seeking and giving clarification37 The interrogative: какойRelative clauses 1: который, кто, чтоSoftening the questionAsking questions: лиIndefinite particles: -то and -нибудь5 Identifying and describing people47 Relative clauses 2: который, ктоHe who/whoever: тот, ктоThe interrogative and conjunction: как6 Going places55 Present tense usage of идти and ходитьPresent tense usage of ехать and ездитьPast tense usage of идти and ходитьPast tense usage of ехать and ездитьVerbs of motion in the future: пойти and прийти If and when (naming conditions): когда, если, как толькоNarrating7 Keeping a diary66 The sequencing of eventsAdverbs of time.

5 когда, пока/пока неPunctuation, co-ordinatingAspects of verbsExpressing necessity: долженAspects and verbs of motionPrefixed verbs of motionWord order: subject and predicate8 Memoirs77 Lexis: принимать/принятьPrepositions denoting the sequencing of events in timeStructuring of discourse using adverbs of timeWord order: там, тогдаSequence of tenses: reported speech, thought or perceptionAspects: use of the present tense in a narrativeFigurative meanings of verbs of motionPunctuation: parenthetic words and expressionsNaming places and objectsAdverbs of degree: немного, Anecdote90 Adverbs of timeAspects: use of the present tense in narrativePrefixed verbs of motion: выйти and уйтиEllipsisWord order: subject and predicateviii ContentsPunctuation: nouns in appositionAdverbs of purpose: пойду запишусь, чтобыThe comparative degree of adjectivesAdverbs: гораздо10 Biographical sketch101 Lexis: владетьAdverbs of time: datesAdverbs of cause: по, за, изAspects in biographiesLexis: verbs commonly used to express deathAspects: the prefixes по- and про-Past passive participle (short form)Adverbs used as predicatesWord order: adverbs of timeAlphabetisms11 News items114 Adverbs of time: telling the timeApproximation and exactitudeAdverbs: ещё, ещё не, ужеAspects: past imperfectiveWord order: adverbs of time and adverbs of placePunctuation in co-ordination and subordination: commas andembedded clausesAdverbs of cause.

6 из-за, отLexis: figurative uses of the verb приносить12 Narratives in the future124 Establishing and maintaining a relationship with one s audienceFractions: половинаAdverbs of purposeWord building: -ание, -ениеAdverbs of timeAspectsDescribing13 Adjectives133 Adjectives: long and short formWord building: verbs from adjectivesAdjectives: hard and softAdjectives: compoundSuperlative degree of adjectivesContents ixShort form neuter adjective/adverb as predicateLexis: быватьImpersonal constructions14 Pronouns146 Structuring discourse: linking parts of speechThe reflexive pronoun себяThe reflexive possessive adjective свойThe reflexive pronoun самThe reciprocal pronoun друг друга Any (любой) The same (одно и то же)15 Compound nouns and imperfective gerund158 Lexis and word building: compound nounsImperfective gerundLexis and idioms: wearing and wears16 Aspects and perfective gerund166 Aspects in foregrounding and backgroundingIrregular nounsComparative degree of adverbsPerfective gerundAspects in the past tense17 Negation and numerals178 Negative pronounsNegative adverbs.

7 некогда/никогдаWord building раз-/рас- declension of numerals18 Participles192 Present active participlePast active participlePresent participles as nounsPresent participles as adjectivesKey to exercises200 Index215x ContentsINTRODUCTIONThis GRAMMAR and WORKBOOK is intended for learners of Russian at anintermediate stage or for those who want to refresh their knowledge of thegrammar. It is suited for people studying on their own and for those partici-pating in language courses. INTERMEDIATE Russian is not intended to replace acourse book or indeed a reference GRAMMAR , but to be an additional resourcefor teachers and learners. The focus of this book is to provide scope forpractising and consolidating Russian Russian is divided into three parts, each of which is made upof six units containing concise explanations of grammatical points which areillustrated and then tested in exercises.

8 Alongside sentence-length exercises,which focus on particular grammatical points, all units contain at least oneextended passage, enabling the student to engage with continuous text takenfrom a variety of main focus in Part 1 is on the norms of social interaction. The sampletexts have been selected to illustrate the norms of interaction between variousgroups of people in both written and spoken discourse. The units in this partare structured according to functional principles, that is to say according tothe uses to which language can be put. Each of the six units in this part looksat aspects of the following: establishing and maintaining a relationship with your speaker politeness formulae and appropriacy seeking and giving information/advice offering to do things expressing wishes and Part 2 we look at various genres of narratives: diary entries, memoirs,anecdotes, biographies, news reports.

9 The main focus in this part is on thestructuring of narratives, the telling of stories. The texts have beenselected to illustrate differing degrees of formality and differing relationshipsbetween the author, the events narrated and the readership. Each of the sixunits in this part looks at aspects of the following: the sequencing of events: aspects, adverbs, adverbial phrases, adverbialclauses, co-ordination verbs of motion: prefixed and unprefixed; adverbials of place after verbsof motion word order: the positioning of adverbial phrases and clauses punctuation between clauses expressing cause and purpose establishing and maintaining a relationship with one s Part 3 we look at various ways of describing objects, people and in the previous part the focus was on narrative which presupposeschange and a certain dynamism in this part the focus is both on the lin-guistic means available in Russian for conveying the static and on the featureswhich characterise (as in a still) the participants and their environment.

10 Theunits in this part are structured according to syntactic categories, and eachunit looks at the various parts of speech used to describe objects, people orevents. Each of the six units looks at aspects of the following: the use of noun phrases: compound nouns, numerals and nouns, prep-ositional phrases the use of adjectives: degree, predicative and attributive adjectives the use of verbal forms: participles, gerunds, aspects, impersonal con-structions, reading the extended texts and doing the exercises that follow, studentswill not only consolidate their knowledge of grammatical structures, but alsodevelop their vocabulary in a wide variety of areas related to Russian material used in both explanations and exercises is taken largelyfrom contemporary Russian publications and literature.