Introduction to aluminium structures - UPT

1 Introduction to aluminium structuresFranti ek WaldCzech Technical University in PragueEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummarySteel reference materialoModulus of elasticity E= 70 000 N/mm2oShear modulus G = 27 000 N/mm2oPoisson's ratio = 0,3oCoefficient of linear thermal expansion = 23 1026per oC;oUnit mass = 2 700 kg/m3oMin elongation from 0,1 % till 14 % oStructural alloys more than 4 %oSteel min 15 %, mostly 40 % and moreMechanical material propertiesEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryFor service temperatures between 80 C and 100 C reduction of the strength should be taken in account.

2 All characteristic aluminium resistance values (fo, fu, fo,hazand fu,haz) may be reduced according toXkT= [1 2k100(T 2 80) / 20] Xk where:Xkis the characteristic value of a strength property of a material XkTis the characteristic strength value for the material at temperature Tbetween 80 C and 100 CTis the highest temperature the structure is operatingk100= 0,1 for strain hardening alloys (3xxx2alloys, 5xxx2alloys and EN AW 8011A)k100= 0,2 for precipitation hardening material (6xxx2alloys and EN AW27020)Material properties at elevated Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryPros and cones +Low weight 2700 kg\m3 mobile str.

3 +Unlimited choice of cross sections+Corrosion resistant+ Low transition temperature+ Toughness at low temperatures Low modulus of elasticity Round 70 000 MPa Low fire resistance Melting point about 530 CEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryCriteria for Selecting aluminium Weight reduction Maintenance aspects Product costs Load criteria5 European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryHistory as material16thcent.

4 BC mentions in Egypt1808 2 Sir Humpry Davy (England), extra insulation aluminum, aluminum named 1821 2 Frenchman P. Berthier, near the town of Les Baux,hard reddish and clayey material containing 52 percent aluminum oxide, named as 2 Dane Hans Christian Oersted, metal dust grains1827 2 German chemist Friedrich Wohler's first aluminum nugget1854 2 Henri Sainte2 Claire (France) improved W hler method for initial procurement, Napoleon III flagship spear tip1870 2 Sainte2 Clare Deville melting furnace1886 2 electrolytic production process Hall2 Heroult, Paul LouisEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryCivil Engineering Industry1930s roof structures , building systems, stairs, stairtowers, gangways, masts, silos, cranes, pylons, towers, pedestrian bridges 1940s road bridges.

5 Particularly in the USA1963 20 road bridges in the USAthe longest 100 mEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryStage for Pope John Paul II. in Hradec Kr lov in 1997 European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryStage for Pope John Paul II. in Hradec Kr lov in 1997 Installing the altarEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryStage backdrop for Carmen at the National Theatre BrnoDesign drawingsEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryStage backdrop for Carmen at the National Theatre BrnoFrame scaffold European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic

6 EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryStage backdrop for Carmen at the National Theatre BrnoFrame scaffoldEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryMovable roof on the second courtyard in castelLitomy lEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryCross section of aluminum partEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryStructural diagram of sliding aluminum partsEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryThe annual assembly on the ground and liftThe annual assembly on the ground and liftingingup to 9 mup to 9 mEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile

7 RoofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryThe annual assembly on the ground and lift up to 9 mThe annual assembly on the ground and lift up to 9 mEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummary18 ProtectionagainstrainandsunEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummary19 Albeny, UKAlbeny, UKEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummary20 Eaves moment connection European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummary21 Eaves moment connection European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryPrincipal groups of

8 aluminium alloys22 European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryProcessing aluminium alloys23 European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryHeat treatable alloys Example of phase diagram for Mg2Si in aluminium24 European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryClassificati on examples of commonly used alloysEN573 ISO1050A Al 99,51070A Al 99,72017A AlCu4 MgSi3103 AlMn15052 AlMg2,55454 AlMg2,7Mn5083 AlMg4,5Mn6060 AlMgSi6063 AlMg0,5Si25 European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryTemper designationF as2fabricatedO annealedH strain hardenedW solution heat treatedT thermally treated to produce stable tempers other than F, O, and HEN 515 (1993)URL.

9 Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryExtrusions for structural applications The direct extrusion press arrangement27 European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryDirect extrusion of hollow sections28 European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryOptimising extruded section design29 European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummaryWall thickness30 European Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingBoltingSummary0,2% proof strength foand ultimate tensile strength fuEN 19992121 Table 1) 3)fo1)fu1)A5) 2)fo,haz4),fu,haz4)HAZ2factor4)BC6)np7)

10 N/mm2%N/mm2ro,hazru,haz6061EP,ET,ER/B,DT T4t<251101805095 150 0,86 0,83 B 8EP,ET,ER/B,DTT6t 202402608115 175 0,48 0,67 A 55 Characteristic values of 0,2% proof strength foand ultimate tensile strength fu(unwelded and for HAZ), min elongation A, reduction factors ..o,hazand ..u,hazin HAZ, buckling class and exponent npfor wrought aluminium alloys 2 Extruded profiles, extruded tube, extruded rod/bar and drawn tubeEPEP/HER/B2 Extruded profiles2 Extruded hollow profiles2 Extruded rod and barEP/OETDT2 Extruded open profiles2 Extruded tube2 Drawn tubeEuropean Erasmus Mundus Master Course Sustainable Constructions under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic EventsIntroductionPros and cones HistoryStagesMobile roofingMaterialProductionPropertiesHAZB ucklingWeldingB