Introduction to Ethical Studies

1 Introduction to EthicalStudiesAn Open Source ReaderLee ArchieJohn G. ArchieIntroduction to Ethical Studies : An Open Source Readerby Lee Archieby John G. ArchieVersion EditionPublished August, 2003 Copyright 2003 by Lee Archie; John G. ArchieGDFLThe current version, Version , of this open source textbook in philosophy is awork-in-progress and is being released in draft form. The collaborators would be grateful forcorrections or other suggestions to this preliminary draft. Please address comments is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of theGNU Free Documentation License, Version or any later version published by the FreeSoftware Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-CoverTexts.

2 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free DocumentationLicense. Image CreditsAmerican Sociological Association (http:// ). Charles A. Rare Book and Manuscript Library( ). University of Pennsylvania. Adaptations:Charles Darwin with Friedrich W ( ), Helsinki, Finland. Edward WestermarckfromThe Edward Westermarck Memorial Project( ). Aristotle; Epictetus; David Hume;Immanuel Kant; Map of the Roman Empire; John Stuart Mill; Nero Persecuting the Christians;Plato; ( ). Balestrini, Bruno. The Erechtheion and Parthenon, ( ), Acropolis; Acropolis (about 500 ) view from northwest.

3 By Edward Westermarck Memorial Lectures 1983-1997. Edward Free Documentation License ( ). GNU , S. History of All Nations, (New York: J. C. Derby & N. C. Miller, 1854), Greek Hydroscience and Engineering: History of Hydraulics Collection( ). University of Iowa. Pascal sTraitez del Equilibre des Liqueurs et de la Pesanteur de la Masse de l Air. (detail).H. D. Francis,In Memorium. Cambridge: private stamp, 1928. John M. 1, Munn & Co., 1903. Detail of Mount ofNewton s Rings for the Post. Bertrand Russell: stamp commemorating 100 years birth-anniversary.

4 Oct. 16, of Congress( ).P&P Online Catalog. Cathedral, Marseilles,France (LC-DIG-ppmsc-05106); Ullswater and Eamont from Pooley Bridge, River District,England; Dartford, Messrs. Burroughs, Wellcome & s Factory, London and suburbs, England(LC-DIG-ppmsc-08610); Interior of Bank, Creedmoor, North Carolina (LC-USF34-029264);Fort Defiance, Arizona (PAN US GEOG-Arizona ); Union Terrace, Aberdeen, Scotland(LC_DIG-ppmsc-07514); Marischal College, Aberdeen, Scotland (LC-DIG-ppmsc-07515);Religious sign on highway between Columbus and Augusta, Georgia (LC-USF34- 056459-D);The Quay, Helsinki, Finland (LC-DIG-ppmsc-03807); Trinity College, Cambridge(LC-DIG-ppmsc-08091); Crowds at Squires (PAN SUBJECT Sports no.)

5 16); Socrates standingbefore seated group, engravings by L. P. Boitard (LC-USZ61-1502 and LC-USZ61-1502);Views from Morocco (LC-G396-T-0011, LCG396-T-0011); Trinity College, Cambridge(LC-DIG-ppmsc-08091); The Madeline and Rue Royale, Paris, France(LC-DIG-ppmsc-05184); Albert Camus (LC-USZ62-108028); Hollis Hall, Harvard College(HABS,MASS,9-CAMB,3D-); The Cemetary, Algiers, Algeria (LC-DIG-ppmsc-0552); A. Eastman (Ohiyesa) (LC-USZ62-102275); Eagle Feather and Baby; Zitkala(Gertrude Bonnin) Dakota Sioux (LC-USZ62-119349); Fasting (LC-USZ62-99611); WinterCamp, Sioux Tepee (LC-USZ62-76221); Crow Dog, Souix Indian (LC-USZ62-102187); Prayerto the Mystery and Invocation (LC-USZ62-69325 and LC-USZ62-51434); Fish and VegetableMarket, K nisberg, East Prussia (LC-DIG-ppmsca-00741); University and Royal Gardens,K nigsberg, East Prussia (LC-DIG-ppmsca-00738); Rauschen, K nigsberg, East Prussia(LC-DIG-ppmsca-00743).

6 The Tivoli Park, Copenhagen, Denmark (LC-DIG-pmsc-05757);Royal Theater, Copenhagen, Denmark (LC-DIG-pmsc-05751); Parthenon- Near View(LC-USZ62-44291); The Acropolis, (Mt. Lycabettus in background) (LC-USZ62-44291); ThePrison of Socrates and Statue of Pan, Theatre Bacchus (LC-USZ62-115215 andLC-USZ62-10897); Parthenon, view from southeast (LC-USZ62-44292); El Socrates, A. Bijur,1859 and The Prison of Socrates, Athens, Greece (LC-USZ62-39939 and LC-USZ62-115215);The Parthenon, west and east sides (LC-USZ62-94169); (Edinburgh Canongate Tolbooth 1591and Melrose Abbey (LC-USZ62-109096, LC-USZ62-109099); Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh(LC-DIG-ppmsc-07584); Athens, Greece, 400 BC (LC-H814-2654-002x); Parthenon(LC-USZ262-44291); General View from Mustapha, I, Algiers, Algeria(LC-DIG-ppmsc-00510); The Parthenon, far view, Athens, Greece (LC-USZ262-44291).)

7 Athens, Greece, 400 BC, Book illustration by Theodor Horydczak (LC-H814-2654-002x); TheParthenon, far view, Athens, Greece (LC-USZ262-44292); Van der Werf Park, Leyden,Holland (LC-DIG-ppmsc-05827)The Embankment, Rotterdam, Holland(LC-DIG-ppmsc-05842); A Tea Resale Establishment near Lincoln s Inn Fields(LC-USZ62-77448-E); The Royal Gallery, House of Lords, London, England(LC-USZ62-77448); High Street, Oxford, England (LC-DIG-ppmsc-08764); Houses ofParliment from the River(LC-DIG-ppmsc-08560); The University of Bonn, the Rhine(LC-DIG-ppmsc-00789); The Boat Landing, Lake Chautauqua, New York (Lot 12006);Switchtender on Pennsylvannia Railroad (Library of Congress, LC-USW33-025829-C); ThreePeasants Walking to Market, Hungary (LC-USZ62-113783); Steelworker with Daughter,Ambridge, Pennsylvania (LC-USF34-062196-D); Harvard Gate, Harvard College (Lot 12003);(Harvard Medical College, Boston, Mass.)

8 (LC-D4-34452); Scene from "Othello" with PaulRobeson and Margaret Webster (LC-USW33- 054945-C) College of the City of New York(LC-D4-500724).Library of Congress Rare Book & Special Collections Division( ). Persecution of Catholics by Hugenots; Frightful Outratesperpetrated by the Hugenots in France;Massacre Fait a Sens en Bourgogne par la Museum of Art( ). The Death of Socrates (1787),Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748-1825) Catherine Lorillard Wolfe Collection; Wolf Fund,1931 ( ).Fridtjof Nansen,Farthest North, Harper & Row, 1897.

9 Engraving of Nansen, frontspiece;(detail) photograph ofFram, Nansen s ronautics & Space Administration( ). NSSDC Photo of North America from Apollo 16 (ID AS16-118-18873); Spectrum JPL; Asteriod Ida(ID P-42964).National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Photo Library( ).Tabulae Rudolphinae:quibus astronomicae..byJohannes Kepler, 1571-1630 (NOAA libr0312); Maria Mitchell (ID theb3534); SaxtonSelf-Registering Tide Gague (ID theb116)>National Institute of Mental Health ( ), National Center for HealthStatistics. U. S. Suicide Rates by Age, Gender, and Racial Group, Introduction to Natural Philosophy, Charles Collins, 1844, Equivalent of A.

10 S Stories. Hubbard, 1885, 285. Jonah Preaching to , History of Greece. Boston: Hickling, Swan, and Brown, 1855. The Bema ofthe Pnyx at Athens, xxv; Homer Enshrined, 38; Coin of Athens, 107; The Propyl a of theAcropolis Restored, 255; Erechth eum Restored, from Southwest, 356; Side View of Thes eum, Institution. Bee on Hive (detail)State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. Abraham and Isaac. Ferdinand Bol, etching, Press: History of Ideas( ). Alexander Bain;August Comte; John Stuart Mill; Baruch Spinoza; William James; Blaise Pascal; S renKierkegaard; Socrates; David Hume; Relief of for Social Philosophy ( ).