Introduction to Health and Safety - Weebly

1 Introduction toHealth and Safety at WorkThis page intentionally left blank Introduction to Health and Safety at WorkThird editionThe handbook for students on NEBOSH and other introductory H&S coursesPhil Hughes MBE, MSc, FIOSH, RSP, Chairman NEBOSH 1995 2001Ed Ferrett PhD, BSc, (Hons Eng), CEng, MIMechE, MlEE,MI0SH, Deputy Chairman NEBOSHAMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORDPARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYOB utterworth Heinemann is an imprint of ElsevierButterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of ElsevierLinacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP30 Corporate Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First edition 2003 Reprinted 2003 (twice)Second edition 2005 Reprinted 2006 Third edition 2007 Copyright 2005, 2007, Phil Hughes and Ed Ferrett.

2 Published by Elsevier Limited. All rights reservedThe right of Phil Hughes and Ed Ferrett to be identifi ed as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisherPermission may be sought directly from Elsevier s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone ( 44) (0) 1865 843830; fax ( 44) (0) 1865 853333.

3 Email: Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at , and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier materialNoticeNo responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, inparticular, independent verifi cation of diagnoses and drug dosages should be madeBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of CongressISBN 978-0-7506-8503-0 Typeset by Charon Tec Ltd (A Macmillan Company)

4 Printed and bound in Slovenia07 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our web site at TO THE THIRD EDITION xiACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiiiABOUT THE AUTHORS xvLIST OF PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS xviILLUSTRATIONS CREDITS xviii1 Health AND Safety FOUNDATIONS 1 Introduction 1 Some basic defi nitions 1 The legal framework for Health and Safety 3 The legal system in England and Wales 4 The legal system in Scotland 5 European Courts 5 Sources of law (England and Wales) 5 Common law torts and duties 6 Levels of statutory duty 7 The infl uence of the European Union (EU)

5 On Health and Safety 8 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 9 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 14 Role and function of external agencies 14 Sources of information on Health and Safety 15 Moral, legal and fi nancial arguments for Health and Safety management 16 The framework for Health and Safety management 19 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 1 212 POLICY 23 Introduction 23 Legal requirements 23 Key elements of a Health and Safety policy 24 Review of Health and Safety policy 26 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 2 27 Appendix Health and Safety Policy Checklist 293 ORGANIZING FOR Health AND Safety 31 Introduction 31 Control 31 Employers responsibilities 32 Employees

6 Responsibilities 32 Organizational Health and Safety responsibilities 32 Role and functions of Health and Safety and other advisers 33 Persons in control of premises 35 Self-employed 35 The supply chain 36 Contractors 38vContents Joint occupation of premises 42 Cooperation with the workforce 42 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 3 43 Appendix Typical organizational responsibilities 45 Appendix Checklist for supply chain Health and Safety management 47 4 PROMOTING A POSITIVE Health AND Safety CULTURE 49 Introduction 49 Defi nition of a Health and Safety culture 49 Safety culture and Safety performance 50 Human factors and their infl uence on Safety performance 51 Human errors and violations 56 The development of a positive Health and Safety culture 58 Effective communication 60 Health and Safety training 60 Internal infl uences 62 External infl uences 63 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 4 655 RISK ASSESSMENT 67 Introduction 67 Legal aspects of risk assessment 67 Forms of risk assessment 68 Some defi

7 Nitions 68 The objectives of risk assessment 70 Accident categories 70 Health risks 70 The management of risk assessment 70 The risk assessment process 71 Special cases 73 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 5 75 Appendix Hazard checklist 77 Appendix Example of a risk assessment record 786 PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL 80 Introduction 80 Principles of prevention 80 Hierarchy of risk control 81 Controlling Health risks 84 Safe systems of work 86 Lone workers 89 Permits to work 89 Emergency procedures 92 First aid at work 94 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 6 97 Appendix fire notice 99 Appendix Job Safety analysis form 100 Appendix Essential elements of a permit-to-work form 1017 MONITORING, REVIEW AND AUDIT 102 Introduction 102 The traditional approach to measuring Health and Safety performance 102 Why measure performance?

8 103 Contentsvi What to measure 104 Measuring failure reactive monitoring 105 Active monitoring how to measure performance 105 Who should monitor performance? 107 Frequency of monitoring and inspections 107 Report writing Review and audit Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 7 111 Appendix Workplace inspection exercises 112 Appendix Basic checklist of items to be covered in an area inspection 114 8 INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING 116 Introduction 116 Reasons for incident/accident investigation 117 Which incidents/accidents should be investigated?

9 118 Investigations and causes of incidents 118 Legal recording and reporting requirements 121 Internal systems for collecting and analysing incident data 123 Compensation and insurance issues 124 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 8 125 Appendix Injury report form 126 Appendix Information for insurance/compensation claims 128 9 MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND VEHICLES HAZARDS AND CONTROL 130 Introduction 130 Hazards to pedestrians 130 Control strategies for pedestrian hazards 132 Hazards in vehicle operations 135 Control strategies for safe vehicle operations 136 The management of vehicle movements 137 Managing occupational road Safety 137 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 9 14110 MANUAL AND MECHANICAL HANDLING HAZARDS AND CONTROL Introduction Manual handling hazards and injuries Manual handling risk assessments in the use of lifting and moving equipment Types of mechanical handling and lifting equipment Requirements for the statutory examination of lifting equipment Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 10 155 Appendix Manual handling of

10 Load assessment checklist 15611 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Introduction Suitability of work equipment and CE marking Use and maintenance of equipment with specifi c risks Information, instruction and training Maintenance and inspection Operation and working environment User responsibilities Hand-held tools Mechanical machinery hazards 167 Contentsvii Mobile work equipment 169 Non-mechanical machinery hazards 171 Examples of machinery hazards 171 Practical safeguards 173 Other Safety devices 176 Application of safeguards to the range of machines 177 Guard construction 185 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 11 18512 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND CONTROL 187 Introduction 187