Introduction to Matlab for Engineers

1 Chapter 1Vo l u m e o f a c i r c u l a r c y l i n d e 1 Piston motionChapter 1Ve c t o r s a n d d i s p l a c e m e n 2 Aortic pressure 3 Transportation route 4 Current and power dissipation 5 Abatch distillation 1 Miles 2 Height versus 3 Manufacturing cost 4 Product cost 1 Earthquake-resistant building 1An environmental 1 Astudent databaseChapter 1 Optimization of an irrigation channelChapter 1 Height and speed of a 1 Series calculation with a 2 Plotting with a 3 Data 4 Flight of an instrumented 1 Series calculation with a 2 Growth of a bank 3 Time to reach a speci ed 1 Using the switchstructure for 1 Acollege enrollment model: Part 2 Acollege enrollment model: Part IIChapter 1 Plotting orbitsChapter 1 Temperature 2 Hydraulic 1 Estimation of traf c 2 Modeling bacteria 3 Breaking strength and alloy 4 Response of a biomedical instrumentChapter 1 Breaking strength of 1 Mean and standard deviation of 2 Estimation of height 1 Statistical analysis and manufacturingtolerancesChapter Eight 1 The matrix inverse 1 Left division method with 2 Calculations of cable 3An electric resistance 4 Ethanol production Numbered Examples:Chapters One to EightNumber and TopicNumber and 1/7/10 7.

2 44 PM Page 1An underdetermined set with threeequations and three 2 Astatically indeterminate 3 Three equations in three unknowns, 4 Production 5 Traf c 1 The least-squares 2An overdetermined setChapter 1Ve l o c i t y f r o m a n a c c e l e r o m e t e 2 Evaluation of Fresnel s cosine 3 Double integral over a 1 Response of an 2 Liquid height in a spherical 1 Anonlinear pendulum 1 Trapezoidal pro le for a dc motorChapter 1 Simulink solution 2 Exporting to the Matlab 3 Simulink model 1 Simulink model of a two-masssuspension 1 Simulink model of a 2 Model of a relay-controlled 1 Response with a dead 1 Model of a nonlinear pendulumChapter 1 Intersection of two 2 Positioning a robot 1 Topping the Green Monster#y=-10y+f(t)#y=10 sin tNumbered Examples:Chapters Eight to ElevenNumber and TopicNumber and 1/7/10 7:44 PM Page iIntroduction to Matlab for EngineersWilliam J.

3 Palm IIIU niversity of Rhode 1/7/10 7:44 PM Page iiiTMINTRODUCTION TO Matlab FOR Engineers , THIRD EDITIONP ublished by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas,New York, NY 10020. Copyright 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previouseditions 2005 and 2001. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by anymeans, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-HillCompanies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, orbroadcast for distance ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside theUnited book is printed on acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ISBN 978-0-07-353487-9 MHID 0-07-353487-0 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Martin LangeVice President, EDP: Kimberly Meriwether DavidGlobal Publisher: Raghu SrinivasanSponsoring Editor: Bill StenquistMarketing Manager: Curt ReynoldsDevelopment Editor: Lora NeyensSenior Project Manager: Joyce WattersDesign Coordinator: Margarite ReynoldsCover Designer: Rick D.

4 NoelPhoto Research: John LelandCover Image: Ingram Publishing/AGE FotostockProduction Supervisor: Nicole BaumgartnerMedia Project Manager: Joyce WattersCompositor: MPS Limited, A Macmillan CompanyTypeface: 10/12 Times RomanPrinter: RRDonnellyAll credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataPalm, William J. (William John), 1944 Introduction to Matlab for Engineers / William J. Palm III. 3rd bibliographical references and 978-0-07-353487-91. Matlab . 2. Numerical analysis Data processing. I. Title. 1/15/10 11:41 AM Page ivTo m y s i s t e r s , L i n d a a n d C h r i s , a n d t o m y p a re n t s , L i l l i a n a n d Wi l l i a 1/7/10 7:44 PM Page vWilliam J. Palm IIIis Professor of mechanical Engineering at the University ofRhode Island.

5 In 1966 he received a from Loyola College in Baltimore, andin 1971 a in mechanical Engineering and Astronautical Sciences fromNorthwestern University in Evanston, his 38 years as a faculty member, he has taught 19 courses. One ofthese is a freshman Matlab course, which he helped develop. He has authoredeight textbooks dealing with modeling and simulation, system dynamics, controlsystems, and Matlab . These includeSystem Dynamics,2ndEdition(McGraw-Hill, 2010). He wrote a chapter on control systems in the mechanical Engineers handbook (M. Kutz, ed., Wiley, 1999), and was a special contributor to the ftheditions of Staticsand Dynamics,both by J. L. Meriam and L. G. Kraige (Wiley,2002).Professor Palm s research and industrial experience are in control systems,robotics, vibrations, and system modeling. He was the Director of the RoboticsResearch Center at the University of Rhode Island from 1985 to 1993, and is thecoholder of a patent for a robot hand.

6 He served as Acting Department Chairfrom 2002 to 2003. His industrial experience is in automated manufacturing;modeling and simulation of naval systems, including underwater vehicles andtracking systems; and design of control systems for underwater-vehicle engine-test THE 1/7/10 7:44 PM Page viPrefaceixCHAPTER 1An Overview of Matlab Interactive Sessions and the Toolbar , Files, and Plots Files and the Editor/Debugger Matlab Help System Methodologies 46 Problems 47 CHAPTER 2 Numeric, Cell, and Structure and Two-Dimensional NumericArrays Numeric Arrays Operations Operations Operations Using Arrays Arrays Arrays 96 Problems 97 CHAPTER 3 Functions and Files Mathematical Functions ned Function Topics r k i n g w i t h D a t a F i l e s1 3 140 Problems 140 CHAPTER 4 Programming with Matlab Design and Development Operators and Logical Va r i a b l e s1 5 Operators and Functions Statements switchStructure Matlab Programs to Simulation 199 Problems 200 CHAPTER 5 Advanced Functions Commands and Plot Types Plotting in 251 Problems 251 CHAPTER 6 Model Building and Discovery Basic Fitting Interface 285 Problems 1/9/10 3.

7 59 PM Page viiCHAPTER 7 Statistics, Probability, and and Histograms Normal Distribution Number Generation 322 Problems 324 CHAPTER 8 Linear Algebraic Methods for Linear Equations Left Division Method Systems Systems Solution Program 356 Problems 357 CHAPTER 9 Numerical Methods for Calculus andDifferential Integration Differentiation Differential Equations Differential Equations Methods for Linear Equations 408 Problems 410 CHAPTER Diagrams to Simulink State-Variable Models Models State-Variable Models Time in Models of a Nonlinear VehicleSuspension Model 455 Problems 456 CHAPTER to MuPAD Expressions and Algebra and Transcendental Equations Algebra Differential Equations Transforms Functions 514 Problems

8 515 APPENDIX AGuide to Commands and Functions in This Text527 APPENDIX BAnimation and Sound in MATLAB538 APPENDIX CFormatted Output in MATLAB549 APPENDIX DReferences553 APPENDIX ESome Project to Selected Problems 554 Index 1/7/10 7:44 PM Page viiiFormerly used mainly by specialists in signal processing and numericalanalysis, Matlab in recent years has achieved widespread and enthusi-astic acceptance throughout the engineering community. Many engineer-ing schools now require a course based entirely or in part on Matlab early inthe curriculum. Matlab is programmable and has the same logical, relational,conditional, and loop structures as other programming languages, such as Fortran,C, BASIC, and Pascal. Thus it can be used to teach programming principles. Inmost schools a Matlab course has replaced the traditional Fortran course, andMATLAB is the principal computational tool used throughout the curriculum.

9 Insome technical specialties, such as signal processing and control systems, it isthe standard software package for analysis and popularity of Matlab is partly due to its long history, and thus it iswell developed and well tested. People trust its answers. Its popularity is also dueto its user interface, which provides an easy-to-use interactive environment thatincludes extensive numerical computation and visualization capabilities. Itscompactness is a big advantage. For example, you can solve a set of many linearalgebraic equations with just three lines of code, a feat that is impossible with tra-ditional programming languages. Matlab is also extensible; currently morethan 20 toolboxes in various application areas can be used with Matlab toadd new commands and is available for MS Windows and Macintosh personal computersand for other operating systems.

10 It is compatible across all these platforms, whichenables users to share their programs, insights, and ideas. This text is based onMATLAB version (R2009b). Some of the material in Chapter 9 is based on the control system toolbox, Version Chapter 10 is based on Version ofSimulink . Chapter 11 is based on Version of the Symbolic Math OBJECTIVES AND PREREQUISITESThis text is intended as a stand-alone Introduction to Matlab . It can be used inan introductory course, as a self-study text, or as a supplementary text. The text smaterial is based on the author s experience in teaching a required two-creditsemester course devoted to Matlab for engineering freshmen. In addition,the text can serve as a reference for later use. The text s many tables and itsreferencing system in an appendix have been designed with this purpose in objective is to introduce and reinforce the use of problem-solving methodology as practiced by the engineering profession in general andixPREFACE Matlab and Simulink are a registered trademarks of The MathWorks, 1/7/10 7:44 PM Page ixas applied to the use of computers to solve problems in particular.