Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - .NET Framework

1 iron and SteelTechnology RoadmapTowards more sustainable steelmakingPart of the Energy Technology Perspectives seriesIron and Steel Technology Roadmap Towards more sustainable steelmaking The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 30 member countries, 8 association countries and note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at : IEA. All rights Energy Agency Website: member countries: Australia Austria BelgiumCanadaCzech Republic DenmarkEstoniaFinland France Germany Greece HungaryIreland ItalyJapanKorea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand NorwayPoland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA association countries:BrazilChinaIndiaIndonesiaMoroc coSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandINTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCYIron and Steel Technology Roadmap Abstract Towards more sustainable steelmaking PAGE | 3 Abstract Steel is vital to modern economies and so over the coming decades global demand for Steel is expected to grow to meet rising social and economic welfare needs.

2 Meeting this demand presents challenges for the iron and Steel sector as it seeks to plot a more sustainable pathway while remaining competitive. The sector is currently responsible for about 8% of global final energy demand and 7% of energy sector CO2 emissions (including process emissions). However, through innovation, low-carbon Technology deployment and resource efficiency, iron and Steel producers have a major opportunity to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, develop more sustainable products and enhance their competitiveness. This report explores the technologies and strategies necessary for the iron and Steel sector to pursue a pathway compatible with the IEA s broader vision of a more sustainable energy sector. Considering both the challenges and the opportunities, it analyses the key technologies and processes that would enable substantial CO2 emission reductions in the sector.

3 It also assesses the potential for resource efficiency, including increased reuse, recycling and demand reduction. Realising this more sustainable trajectory will require co-ordinated efforts from key stakeholders, including Steel producers, governments, financial partners and the research community. As such, the publication concludes with an outline of priority actions, policies and milestones for these stakeholders to accelerate progress towards zero emissions from the iron and Steel sector. IEA. All rights and Steel Technology Roadmap Acknowledgements Towards more sustainable steelmaking PAGE | 4 Acknowledgements This publication was prepared by the Energy Technology Policy Division within the Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks (STO) in co-operation with other directorates and offices of the international Energy Agency.

4 The study was designed and directed by Timur G l (Head of the Energy Technology Policy Division). The analysis and production of the report was co-ordinated by Araceli Fernandez Pales and Peter Levi. The main authors were Sara Budinis, Peter Levi, Hana Mandov and Tiffany Vass. Several colleagues from across the agency contributed analytical input, including Julien Armijo, Kathleen Gaffney, Alexandre Gouy, Luca Lo Re, Francesco Pavan, Uwe Remme, Marcela Ruiz de Chavez Velez, Hugo Salamanca and Andreas Schr der. Valuable comments and feedback were provided by Keisuke Sadamori and Mechthild W rsd rfer. Astha Gupta, Sree Sanyal, Siddharth Singh, Tristan Stanley and Nicole Thomas of the India desk facilitated engagement with Indian stakeholders. Thanks also go to Jad Mouawad, Head of the IEA Communications and Digital Office (CDO), and to CDO colleagues Jon Custer, Astrid Dumond, Tanya Dyhin, Christopher Gully, Maria Kyriacou, Jethro Mullen, Isabelle Nonain-Semelin, Julie Puech and Therese Walsh for their help in producing and disseminating the report.

5 Diana Louis and Per-Anders Widell provided essential support. Justin French-Brooks carried responsibility for editing. The work could not have been carried out without the support provided by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), and activities within the IEA Clean Energy Transitions Programme1 provided valuable support to this analysis. The World Steel Association provided valuable feedback and support throughout the project, in particular by facilitating communication with its member companies, and national and regional Steel associations. The Association also provided analytical feedback during the modelling phase and submitted detailed comments during the peer review process. 1 The IEA Clean Energy Transitions Programme (CETP) leverages the IEA s unique energy expertise across all fuels and technologies to accelerate global clean-energy transitions, particularly in major emerging economies.

6 CETP activities include collaborative analytical work, technical co-operation, training and capacity building and strategic dialogues. Further details can be found at: IEA. All rights and Steel Technology Roadmap Acknowledgements Towards more sustainable steelmaking PAGE | 5 The analysis and findings in this report draw on strategic guidance received during the IEA kick-off workshop with leading Steel experts and key stakeholders from industry, government and the research community in Paris on 20 November 2017. Several experts regional dialogue meetings followed to gather regional perspectives in Asia (23-24 May 2018) and the Americas (22 August 2018). Additional guidance came from an policy experts workshop, co-hosted by the IEA and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), which brought together leading international experts from industry, governments, multilateral development banks, foundations and the research community, which took place in Paris on 29 March 2019.

7 We would like to thank the EBRD, Baosteel and Alecero for their assistance in facilitating these workshops. Many experts from outside the IEA provided input, commented on the underlying analytical work and reviewed the report. Their comments and suggestions were of great value. They include: Guilherme de Abreu ArcelorMittal Brasil Clovis Dutra Acosta Gerdau Bril Anderson Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Marlene Arens Lund University Paul Balserak American iron and Steel Institute Edwin Basson World Steel Association Chris Bataille Institut du D veloppement Durable et des Relations Internationales Christopher Beauman European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Carolina Bengochea Tenaris Jean-Pierre Birat IF Steelman Christian Boehm Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Javier Bonaplata ArcelorMittal Enrico Botta Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Julien Bouyssou BNP Paribas Karl Buttiens Retired.

8 Formerly ArcelorMittal Walder Carvalho Aperam Lucila Caselato Instituto A o Brasil Chloe Chan European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Junimara Chaves Sinobras Baris Ciftci World Steel Association IEA. All rights and Steel Technology Roadmap Acknowledgements Towards more sustainable steelmaking PAGE | 6 Carlos Conde Asociaci n Latinoamericana del acero Jonathan Cullen University of Cambridge Carl De Mare ArcelorMittal Shibojyoti Dutta Tata Steel India sa Ekdahl World Steel Association Gerhard Endemann Steel Institute VDEh Jose Antonio Fonrouge Ternium Ramiro Garz n Novacero Jean Theo Ghenda Eurofer Arpan Gupta Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry Will Hall The Energy and Resources Institute, India Nae Hee Han World Steel Association Ali Hasanbeigi Global Efficiency Intelligence Volker Hille Salzgitter Matthew Imber and colleagues BlueScope Steel Rizwan Janjua World Steel Association Yong-Shik Jeong POSCO Nihan Karali Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Mikael Larsson Technology Collaboration Programme on Industrial Energy-Related Technologies and Systems Francisco Leal Asociaci n Latinoamericana del acero Qianguo Lin North China Electric Power University and China Strategic Alliance for CCUS Industrial Technology Innovation Felipe Maciel ArcelorMittal Brasil Francesco Memoli Tenova Core Inc.

9 Luciano Miranda Aperam Lorena Moret Tenaris Gianpiero Nacci European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Victor Nechifor-Vostinaru and colleagues UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources Cenira de Moura Nunes Gerdau Junichiro Oda Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth IEA. All rights and Steel Technology Roadmap Acknowledgements Towards more sustainable steelmaking PAGE | 7 Paulo Partid rio Technology Collaboration Programme on Industrial Energy-Related Technologies and Systems Tim Peeters and colleagues Tata Steel Europe Cedric Philibert Independent consultant Ingrid Person Rocha e Pinho Ternium Andrew Purvis World Steel Association Diego Rangel Usiminas Henk Reimink World Steel Association Pedro Ribeiro Usiminas Donald Sadoway Massachusetts Institute of Technology Felipe Said Vallourec Ronaldo Santos Companhia Sider rgica do Pec m Oliver Sartor Institut du D veloppement Durable et des Relations Internationales John Scowcroft Global CCS Institute Semida Silveira KTH Royal Institute of Technology Julian Somers and colleagues European Commission Markus Steinh usler voestalpine Adam Szewczyk World Steel Association

10 Hiroyuki Tezuka and colleagues Japan iron and Steel Federation Matias Bernabe Contreras Uribe Aceros Aza Rodrigo Eduardo Sepulveda Uribe Aceros Aza Leonardo Veloso Companhia Sider rgica do Pec m Cec lia Vilela Vallourec Valentin Vogl Lund University Nicholas Walters World Steel Association Hans-J rn Weddige thyssenkrupp Amanda Wilson Natural Resources Canada Liang Xi University of Edinburgh Cristian Yuan Instituto A o Brasil Tony Zhang Global CCS Institute Yilong Zhang Baosteel Group Frank Zhong World Steel Association IEA. All rights and Steel Technology Roadmap Table of Contents Towards more sustainable steelmaking PAGE | 8 Table of Contents Executive summary .. 11 Chapter 1. Steelmaking today .. 16 Steel and society .. 17 Steel production fundamentals .. 25 Steel and the environment .. 35 References .. 50 Chapter 2. The future of steelmaking .. 53 The outlook for demand and 56 Technology pathways towards zero emissions.