ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E) -- Programming Languages -- C

1 ISO/IECISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) Normative Terms, definitions, and Conceptual Translation Execution Environmental Character Character display Signals and Environmental Scopes of Linkages of Name spaces of Storage durations of Representations of Compatible type and composite Arithmetic Other Lexical Universal character String Header Preprocessing iiiISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) Primary Postfix Unary Cast Multiplicative Additive Bitwise shift Relational Equality Bitwise Bitwise Conditional Assignment Comma Constant Storage-class Type Type Function Type Type Statements and Labeled Compound Expression and null Selection Iteration Jump External Function External object Preprocessing Conditional Source file Macro Line Error Pragma Contents ISO/IECISO/IEC 9899.

2 1999 (E) Null Predefined macro Pragma Future language Floating Linkages of External Character escape Storage-class Function Function Pragma Predefined macro Definitions of Standard Reserved Use of library Diagnostics< >.. Program Complex arithmetic< >.. Branch Trigonometric Hyperbolic Exponential and logarithmic Power and absolute-value Manipulation Character handling< >.. Character classification Character case mapping Errors< >.. Floating-point environment< >.. Floating-point Characteristics of floating types< >.. Format conversion of integer types< >.

3 Macros for format Functions for greatest-width integer vISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) Alternative spellings< >.. Sizes of integer types< >.. Localization< >.. Locale Numeric formatting convention Mathematics< >.. Treatment of error Classification Trigonometric Hyperbolic Exponential and logarithmic Power and absolute-value Error and gamma Nearest integer Remainder Manipulation Maximum, minimum, and positive difference Floating Comparison Nonlocal jumps< >.. Save calling Restore calling Signal handling< >.. Specify signal Send Variable arguments< >.. Variable argument list access Boolean type and values< >.

4 Common definitions< >.. Integer types< >.. Integer Limits of specified-width integer Limits of other integer Macros for integer Input/output< >.. Operations on File access Formatted input/output Character input/output Direct input/output Contents ISO/IECISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) File positioning Error-handling General utilities< >.. Numeric conversion Pseudo-random sequence generation Memory management Communication with the Searching and sorting Integer arithmetic Multibyte/wide character conversion Multibyte/wide string conversion String handling< >.. String function Copying Concatenation Comparison Search Miscellaneous Type-generic math< >.

5 Date and time< >.. Components of Time manipulation Time conversion Extended multibyte and wide character utilities< >.. Formatted wide character input/output Wide character input/output General wide string Wide character time conversion Extended multibyte/wide character conversion Wide character classification and mapping utilities< >.. Wide character classification Wide character case mapping Future library Complex arithmetic< >.. Character handling< >.. Errors< >.. Format conversion of integer types< >.. Localization< >.. Signal handling< >.. Boolean type and values< >.. Integer types< >.. Input/output< >..401 Contents viiISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) General utilities< >.

6 String handling< >.. Extended multibyte and wide character utilities< >.. Wide character classification and mapping utilities< >..401 Annex A (informative) Language syntax Lexical Phrase structure Preprocessing B (informative) Library Diagnostics< >.. Complex< >.. Character handling< >.. Errors< >.. Floating-point environment< >.. Characteristics of floating types< >.. Format conversion of integer types< >.. Alternative spellings< >.. Sizes of integer types< >.. Localization< >.. Mathematics< >.. Nonlocal jumps< >.. Signal handling< >.. Variable arguments< >.. Boolean type and values< >.. Common definitions< >.. Integer types< >.. Input/output< >.. General utilities< >.. String handling< >.

7 Type-generic math< >.. Date and time< >.. Extended multibyte/wide character utilities< >.. Wide character classification and mapping utilities< >..435 Annex C (informative) Sequence D (normative) Universal character names for E (informative) Implementation F (normative) IEC 60559 floating-point and Contents ISO/IECISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) to integer < >..452 Annex G (informative) IEC 60559-compatible complex Binary Complex arithmetic< >.. Type-generic math< >..478 Annex H (informative) Language independent I (informative) Common J (informative) Portability Unspecified Undefined Implementation-defined Locale-specific Common ixISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) ISO/IECxContents ISO/IECISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E)Foreword1 ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (theInternational Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system forworldwide standardization.

8 National bodies that are member of ISO or IECparticipate in the development of International Standards through technicalcommittees established by the respective org anization to deal withparticular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committeescollaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also takepart in the Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in theISO/IEC Directives, Part the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a jointtechnical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standardsadopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodiesfor voting.

9 Publication as an International Standard requires approval by atleast 75% of the national bodies casting a Standard ISO/IEC 9899 was prepared by Joint TechnicalCommittee ISO/IEC JTC 1,Information technology, Subcommittee SC 22, Programming Languages , their environments and system softwareinterfaces. The Working Group responsible for this standard (WG 14)maintains a site on the World Wide Web additionalinformation relevant to this standard such as a Rationale for many of thedecisions made during its preparation and a log of Defect Reports second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, ISO/IEC 9899:1990,as amended and corrected byISO/IEC 9899/COR1:1994, ISO/IEC 9899/AMD1:1995,andISO/IEC 9899/COR2:1996.

10 Major changes from the previous editioninclude: restricted character set support via digraphs and< >(originally specified in AMD1) wide character library support in< >and< >(originally specified in AMD1) more precise aliasing rules via effective type restricted pointers variable-length arraysForeword xiISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) ISO/IEC flexible array members staticand type qualifiers in parameter array declarators complex (and imaginary) support in< > type-generic math macros in< > thelong long inttype and library functions increased minimum translation limits additional floating-point characteristics in< > remove implicitint reliable integer division universal character names (\uand\U)