ISRAEL’S APARTHEID AGAINST PALESTINIANS

1 CRUEL SYSTEM OF DOMINATION AND CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY ISRAEL S APARTHEID AGAINST PALESTINIANS Cover photo: Palestinian protesters walk towards the Erez crossing, the only passenger crossing between Gaza and Israel, during a demonstration in the northern Gaza Strip on 18 September 2018 Said Khatib / AFP via Getty ImagesIndex: MDE 15/5141/2022 Original language: English Amnesty International 2022 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international ) licence. For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons published in 2022by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street,London WC1X 0DW, Amnesty International is a movement of 10 million people which mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaigns for change so we can all enjoy our human rights.

2 Our vision is of a world where those in power keep their promises, respect international law and are held to account. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarity and compassion with people everywhere can change our societies for the better. 3 ISRAEL S APARTHEID AGAINST PALESTINIANS CRUEL SYSTEM OF DOMINATION AND CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY Amnesty InternationalCONTENTSABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY 51. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 112. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY SCOPE METHODOLOGY 393.

3 timeline 414. APARTHEID IN INTERNATIONAL LAW PROHIBITION AND CRIMINALIZATION OF APARTHEID Definitions of APARTHEID under international law INSTITUTIONALIZED REGIME OF SYSTEMATIC OPPRESSION AND DOMINATION OPPRESSION AND DOMINATION OF A RACIAL GROUP CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY INHUMAN AND INHUMANE ACTS SPECIAL INTENT

4 APARTHEID IN SITUATIONS OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION SYSTEM AND CRIME OF APARTHEID 595. ISRAEL S OPPRESSION AND DOMINATION OF PALESTINIANS INTENT TO OPPRESS AND DOMINATE THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE PALESTINIANS and Jewish Israelis as racial groups FRAGMENTATION INTO DOMAINS OF CONTROL PALESTINIANS in Israel PALESTINIANS in OPT PALESTINIANS outside Israel and OPT SEGREGATION AND CONTROL Denial of right to equal nationality and status Restrictions on freedom of movement as a means of control over land and people Separation of families through discriminatory laws Use of military rule

5 Restrictions on right to political participation and popular resistance DISPOSSESSION OF LAND AND PROPERTY Land expropriation laws and policies Land title settlement: registration of land rights Discriminatory allocation of expropriated Palestinian land for Jewish settlement 1284 ISRAEL S APARTHEID AGAINST PALESTINIANS CRUEL SYSTEM OF DOMINATION AND CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY Amnesty Discriminatory urban planning and zoning system DEPRIVATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS Suppresion of PALESTINIANS human development Discriminatory allocation of resources Discriminatory provision of services A SYSTEM OF OPPRESSION AND DOMINATION 2176.

6 INHUMAN AND INHUMANE ACTS AGAINST PALESTINIANS FORCIBLE TRANSFER Relevant crimes under international law israeli policies and practices Pattern of inhuman or inhumane acts ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION AND TORTURE Relevant crimes under international law israeli policies and practices Pattern of inhuman or inhumane acts UNLAWFUL KILLINGS AND SERIOUS INJURIES Relevant crimes under international law israeli policies and practices Pattern of inhuman or inhumane acts DENIAL OF BASIC RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS, AND PERSECUTION Relevant crimes under international law israeli policies and practices Pattern of inhuman or inhumane acts SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS AND INTENT TO COMMIT APARTHEID CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY OF APARTHEID 2657.

7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS A system and crime of APARTHEID AGAINST PALESTINIANS Legal remedies International community inaction RECOMMENDATIONS israeli authorities Palestinian authorities UN Human Rights Council UN Security Council UN General Assembly Office of prosecutor of ICC Other governments and regional actors Businesses National and international humanitarian and development organizations 2775 ISRAEL S APARTHEID AGAINST PALESTINIANS CRUEL SYSTEM OF DOMINATION AND CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY Amnesty InternationalACRIA ssociation for Civil Rights in Israel, a human rights organizationAdalahAdalah The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel, a human rights organizationAddameer Addameer Prisoner Support and Human Rights Association, a human rights organizationAkevotAkevot Institute for israeli - palestinian conflict ResearchAl-HaqAl-Haq Law in the Service of Man, a human rights organizationAl MezanAl Mezan Center for Human Rights, a human rights organizationApartheid ConventionInternational Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of ApartheidARIJA pplied Research Institute JerusalemAteret Cohanim formally known as Ateret Yerushalayim.

8 A Jewish settler organizationBadilBADIL Resource Centre for Palestinian Residency and Refugee RightsBimkomBimkom Planners for Planning Rights, a human rights organizationB TselemB Tselem israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories, a human rights organization buffer zone access-restricted area located along the fence separating the Gaza Strip from IsraelCAT(UN) Committee AGAINST TortureCEDAW(UN) Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination AGAINST WomenCERD(UN) Committee on the Elimination of Racial DiscriminationCESCR(UN) Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural RightsCivil AdministrationIsraeli military unit that oversees all civilian matters for Jewish israeli settlers and Palestinian residents in the West Bank excluding East JerusalemCOGAT(Israel s) Coordination of Government Activities in the TerritoriesConvention AGAINST Torture(UN)

9 Convention AGAINST Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentGLOSSARY6 ISRAEL S APARTHEID AGAINST PALESTINIANS CRUEL SYSTEM OF DOMINATION AND CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY Amnesty InternationalCustodian of Absentee Propertyhead of an entity appointed by the israeli minister of finance that manages absentees propertyCustodian for Government and Abandoned Property in Judea and Samaria head of an entity under the authority of the israeli Civil Administration charged with managing land and property in the occupied West Bank excluding East JerusalemCustodian Generalhead of an entity under the authority of the israeli Ministry of Justice that manages all property in

10 Israel when the owners cannot manage it or are untraceable, as well as playing a significant role regarding properties in East Jerusalem owned by Israelis before 1948 DCI-PalestineDefense for Children International Palestine, a human rights organizationDevelopment AuthorityIsraeli body established to administer the property of Palestinian refugees and other property confiscated by the state dual use policypolicy restricting Palestinian imports to the OPT of goods that Israel deems to potentially have military, as well as civilian, usedunamland area (10 dunams = 1 hectare)EladElad-Ir David Foundation, a Jewish settler organizationErez crossingpassenger crossing between Israel and the Gaza StripESCWA(UN) Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia firing zone land designated by Israel for the stated purpose of military exercisesGDPgross domestic productGishaGisha Legal Center for Freedom of Movement, a human rights organizationGreen Linedemarcation line set out in the 1949 Armistice Agreements between Israel and its neighbours that served as the de facto borders of the State of Israel until 1967 GRMGaza Reconstruction MechanismHaaretzan israeli newspaperHaMokedHaMoked.