IT’S ALL ONE - Population Council

1 VOLUME 1 : guidelines FOR A UNIFIED APPROACH TO SEXUALITY, GENDER, HIV, AND HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATIONIT S ALL ONECURRICULUMVOLUME 1: guidelines FOR A UNIFIED APPROACH TO SEXUALITY, GENDER, HIV, AND HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATIONIT S ALL ONECURRICULUMP roject Coordinators: Michelle Skaer and Jonah Stuart BrundageDesign: Emanuela Frigerio, Hyun Auh, C&G Partners, New York City Production: Mike Vosika, Christina Tse, Michelle Skaer, Susan ShapiroCopyeditor: Karen Tweedy-HolmesReading-level editor: Gina DuclayanCoordination of 2011 revision: Amy HandlerPhoto credits for cover images: Introduction, Jacob Silberberg, courtesy of IPPF/WHR; unit 1, Manoocher Ceghati, courtesy of IRIN; unit 2, Michael Newman, courtesy of PhotoEdit; unit 3, Gabe Cooney, courtesy of IPPF/WHR; unit 4, Maura Carroll; unit 5, Melissa May; unit 6, Ronn Aldaman; unit 7, Neil Thomas, courtesy of IRIN; unit 8, Eugene Martin; fact sheets, Helen Cole, courtesy of Photoshare.

2 All other photo credits are identified next to the by the Population Council , New for free download at: 2009 The Population Council , Inc. Revised first edition, printed part of this volume may be photocopied without permission from the authors or publisher, provided that publication credit is given and copies are distributed free. Any commercial reproduction requires prior written permission from the Population Council . Please also credit any original sources as noted for selected : guidelines : 978-0-87834-117-7; Activities: 978-0-87834-118-4; Set: 978-0-87834-119-1It s All One Curriculum: guidelines and Activities for a Unified Approach to Sexuality, Gender, HIV, and Human Rights Education was developed by an international working group comprised of representatives from the following organizations (listed alphabetically): CREA (India): Caroline Earle, Sunita Kujur, Geeta Misra Girls Power Initiative (Nigeria): Bene Madunagu, Grace OsakueInternational Planned Parenthood Federation: Doortje BraekenIPPF/Western Hemisphere Region: Jessie Clyde, Denise KohnInternational Women s Health Coalition: Kelly Castagnaro, Corinne WhitakerMexfam (Mexico): Ofelia AguilarPopulation Council .

3 Nicole Haberland, Deborah Rogow The working group brought a range of perspectives and relevant technical expertise in adolescent sexuality/HIV education, including in areas of rights and gender, program management, research, and advocacy. Andrea Irvin also helped draft a number of sections. Written by the International Sexuality and HIV Curriculum Working GroupEdited by Nicole Haberland and Deborah RogowSalud para tu fa miliaIn memory of Enofe Duncan OsakueivRESEARCHERS have identified gender inequality as a key factor driving the AIDS have called for sexuality and HIV education that emphasizes gender equality and human want to teach young people the critical thinking skills needed to build compassionate and just S ALL ONE CURRICULUM responds to these s All One Curriculum.

4 guidelines and Activities for a Unified Approach to Sexuality, Gender, HIV, and Human Rights Education is the product of contributions from individuals around the world. Our heartfelt thanks to each and every person who contributed to this effort. Wendy Baldwin, Carmen Barroso, Kate Bourne, Judith Bruce, Vicente D az, Beth Fredrick, Adrienne Germain, Naana Otoo-Oyortey, Tim Shand, and Victoria Ward provided invaluable guidance and advice. Maggie D az and Juan D az at Reprolatina reviewed the g u i d e l i n e s volume for technical and clinical accuracy. Evan Read created the original illustrations, and Jared Stamm developed the website. Nell Timreck and Ernestine Heldring contributed substantially during final revisions.

5 We are particularly indebted to Mike Vosika and Karen Tweedy-Holmes for their extraordinary support throughout the production process. Thanks as well to the many friends and colleagues who generously shared their photographic images with us. Michelle Skaer, and later Jonah Stuart Brundage, coordinated this project with great intelligence and equal cheer; their contributions were critical at every stage. More than 50 experts reviewed the manuscript during its development, and eight organizations assisted in field testing original sample activities. These individuals and organizations are listed on the following page (institutional affiliations are noted for identification purposes only and refer to affiliation at the time of review).

6 We are deeply grateful for their technical support, time, and insights; this document would not be what it is without them. The editors alone are responsible for errors or omissions. Finally, we thank our donors, whose financial and collegial support made It s All One Curriculum possible. Our sincere thanks to the Ford Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, The Libra Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the UK Department for International Development (DfID), and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). We also benefited greatly from financial support provided by the International Planned Parenthood Federation, IPPF/Western Hemisphere Region, International Women s Health Coalition, and the Population REVIEWA ziza Ahmed (International Community of Women Living with H I V/A I D S )Lucy Atkin (Colibri Consulting and Hesperian)Doris Bartel (CARE)Marina Bernal (MULABI)Jennifer Catino (EngenderHealth)Esther Corona (Mexican Association for Sex Education and WAS)Sarah Hawker Costa (Global Fund for Women)Jane Cottingham (WHO)Karen Fazekas (Family Health International)Gill Gordon (International HIV/AIDS Alliance)

7 Nik Hartley (Students Partnership Worldwide)Christine Heritier (Afghanistan Libre)Rachel Jacobson (Global Youth Coalition on HIV/AIDS)Magaly Marques (Planned Parenthood of Los Angeles)Rafael Mazin (PAHO) Alexander McKay (SIECCAN)Prabha Nagaraja (TARSHI)Rick Olson (UNICEF)Christine Ricardo (Instituto Promundo)Saira Shameem (Asian Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women - ARROW)Robert Thomson (UNFPA)Nell Timreck (Students Partnership Worldwide)ACTIVITIES FIELD TESTING TEAMA ahung (Pakistan)Asociaci n Demogr fica Costarricense (Costa Rica)Association for Sexual and Reproductive Health XY (Bosnia)Belize Family Life Association (Belize)Fundaci n Mexicana para la Planeaci n Familiar (MEXFAM) (Mexico) Girls Power Initiative (Nigeria)Lesotho Planned Parenthood Association (Lesotho)Reprolatina (Brazil)TECHNICAL REVIEWA nonymous (individual)Gautam Bhan (individual)Yvonne Bogaarts (World Population Foundation)Jeff Buchanan (individual)Margarita D az (Reprolatina)Uyi-Oni Ekhosuehi (Optimal Health and Development Project)Nadine Dimodi Ekotto (ALVF)Chris Fung (USAID)Tamara Gon alves (CLADEM/Brazil Member)Angela Heimburger (Human Rights Watch)Ernestine Heldring (Scenarios USA)Patty Herrera (Latino Community Solutions)Laura Katzive (Center for Reproductive Rights)

8 Scott Kellerman ( Population Council )Martha Kempner (SIECUS) Tang Kun (China Family Planning Association)Katarina Lindahl (RFSU)Eugenia L pez Uribe (Balance Promoci n para el Desarrollo y Juventud)Veronica Magar (CARE)Lori Michau (Raising Voices)Carmen Murguia (UNFPA)Ratidzai Ndlovu (UNFPA)Karen Newman (individual)*Suzyo Nthazie (Young African Advocates for Rights)Sabina Rashid (BRAC University)Nell Rasmussen (Danish National Board of Social Services)Sundari Ravindran (Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies)Meredith Sheehy ( Population Council )Joann Stemmermann (individual)*John Townsend ( Population Council )Lita Townsend (Cleveland Metropolitan Schools)Wijit Wong (World Population Foundation)Margot Zimmerman (individual)* *Provided early technical input.

9 Viiiixixtable of contentsINTRODUCTION 1 SEXUAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING REQUIRE HUMAN RIGHTS 17how we treat each other: values and society what are human rights ? sexual and reproductive rights promoting human rights, including sexual and reproductive rights glossary (basic concepts about human rights) GENDER 39defining gender gender identity gender norms and roles solidify during childhood and adolescence gender and education gender stereotypes in the media how gender affects mobility, social connection, and safe public spaces how gender affects civic and political participation gender, work, and economic resources: inside and outside the home gender and marriage gender and religion gender and bodily autonomy gender and violence sexual coercion is a form of gender-based violence responding to gender-based violence gender norms and roles change over time gender: our own decisions and actions changing the world around usglossary (basic concepts about gender) unitunit21xunit4 SEXUALITY 79about sexuality sexual rights sexuality and society sexual norms vary according to gender roles.

10 The double standard for sexual behavior sexual desire sexual diversity anatomy and sexual pleasure sexual expression and enjoyment sexual behavior motivations for having and not having sex sexual consent and coercion creating mutually respectful and responsible sexual relationships concerns about sexual function sexual well-being and advocacy glossary (basic concepts about sexuality) INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 115introduction to interpersonal relationships relationships in our lives how can our relationships be more satisfying and respectful? romantic relationships: courtship and dating romance: what is falling in love? what is true love ? what about jealousy?