JCOAL石炭基礎講座 石炭のガス化 林

1 4] h .. t}* A} . 2013 02 10 10:30 12:10.. 1.. 23 7 h . / 2. N . 1 A . 2 A G A} <} . 3 A h A . 4 A h :3 3 . 5 P . 6 . 7 . q h A} q k . 8 . > A . 23 7 h . 3. 1.. 23 7 h . 1. 1 4.. ` A ?R ?R . 600. 12000. Coal 500 10000. Oil MTOE .. 400 8000.. < . 100 . G{< . 6000. 100 . 300.. 200 4000.. 100 2000. 0. 0. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010. 200X . Year 23 7 h . 1. 2 5. M M R/P ratio . reserves/production ratio . f . R/P. 250. 216. 204 R/P. 200 192. 164. 155. R/P, year 150. 147. 133. 100 122. 50. 0. 2001 2002.

2 2003 2004. 2005 2006 2007 2008. Year 23 7 h . 1. 3 6. c A n8 8 . IPCC 4 . 2007 M f 2005 . 60 = 37,000 EJ . Total reserve: 37,000 EJ 1 50 Share, % energy .. 40 . 56 . 30 20 10 . 19 . 19 .. 6 . 0 . Coal Oil u NG . Uranium Reserves of major fossil resources and uranium cg-|e . 2005 2100 .. = 97,000 EJ. A = 68,000 EJ. CO2 sky-rocketing ? or fossil fuels diving ? . 23 7 h . 1. 4 7. A A . H2 & CO = P syngas .. O . O G . O A V G . s _ A}- . A P . 7 > . 23 7 h . 1. 5 8. CO A}. A} P 1 .. <. > .. H2. u A H2 & CO.. A} DME, Methanol.

3 C1A. A} . - . A} . BTX .. T 7 . A}1 . 1 .. v . 500 - 950 C .. 1000 C .. _ A . 23 7 h . 1. 6 9.. O . _ O . O > . O > . _ . O 7 7" > .. _ q A . { . O > 7 . O A V G C1A} .. 23 7 h . 1. 7 10. A > . ! . O > vs < . O A ]K kP > . ! . ! n . O { ) . Negishi igcc power Plant ! . ! k . ! '> . O . Puertollano igcc power Plant . 23 7 h . A > 1 . 11. A P Integrated Coal gasification Combined Cycles; igcc . A . A/IGFC .. > R . A/ igcc . A/ igcc 1700 C-GT . 1500 C-GT IGFC A . igcc A . 1500 C-GT, dry . igcc IGFC . 1500 C-GT, wet A/PFBC.

4 1300 C-GT . > R .. USC-PC . PC igcc . 1200 C-GT, dry . < JCOAL, 2007, igcc @ . 23 7 h . A > 2 . poly-generation, co-production 12.. P . A (CO/H2) . SNG . A} .. 23 7 h . 13. 2.. 23 7 h . 6 J 5 J 14. _ P . A . 5 . 5. 5 AP . 5 . A;. P . O2, CO2, H2O .. 5 .. A H2, CO, CO2, CH4 . A . { A;. O2, CO2, H2O . A . Tromp, PhD Thesis 1987 . 23 7 h . A A} <} 15. A; A} . Q & . A; C kP . , A O2 C + O2 = CO2 M . 5 5 A O2 C + O2 = CO M . A H2O T C + H2O = H2 + CO M . J CO2 T C + CO2 = 2CO M . = A H2 C + 2H2 = CH4 M . J CO + H2O = H2 + CO2 M.

5 AJ .. CO + 3H2 = CH4 + H2O M . : CHaObNcSd.. 23 7 h . P % 16. x Q & +< . O ) . O 5 . O2 or O2/N2 O S . O . gasifier P O A} . : CHxOy . T & P O "2 H2-CO-CO2-CH4-H2O. O ) O x H2O O )2 O A; . O "4 O A; + . O "2O O A 100%. O (2 .. 4<. O P T P #. 23 7 h . 17. 1700. 1600 Yield, mol/mol-carbon 1500 H2. Temperature, C. CO. 1400. CO2. 1300. CH4. 1200. H2O. 1100. 1000 900. 800 1000 1200 1400 1600. , C. O2 / C , - Assumptions for simulation: O = O '$. ?; 8FM O O S 10 wt%. O x O A; = O2 O P '*5 O A} . 23 7 h . 2 > A 18. 100%.

6 H 2 > . A . 95% . 90%. 85%. 80% x p ~ 2 > . A. 75% x 75 - 80% . 70%. 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600. Temperature, C. P A} . 2 > = . A} . 23 7 h . 19. 3.. 23 7 h . A . 20. _ ? A . _ . 5 . 4.. _ .. _ . 4.: Carpenter, IEA, 2009 . 23 7 h . _ ? A . BGL British-Gas/Lurgi 21. O { 5 60 mm O 4 . O /a MPa O . 2000 C ( ) 450 C . 1100 C ( A ). < 540 C (4L ). O P 4 ]K .. O P G 2000 C .. / vol% / vol% . 1600 C .. H2 32 A . CO 55 H2S + COS . CO2 NH3 . CH4 Higman and van der Burgt, 2003 . 23 7 h . A . 22. ? A . ? / d.

7 ?z . ^ < 950 C . 5 C5. A C5.. Source: Carpenter, IEA, 2009 . 23 7 h . A . 23. \ A . coal steam, coal oxygen or air . / 5 .. slag . A O , A. O . O . Source: Carpenter, IEA, 2009 . 23 7 h . Gasification / gasifier technology Entrained gasifiers 24. @ igcc EAGLE E-Gas Q PLENFLO Shell GE-Texaco (MHI) (J- power ) (Conoco-Phillips). 4 .. { , mm < < < < < < ! . J [ . or A. A; .. /a< MPa - 4 2 - 2-3 2 - 3-8. 1350 - 1540. 1600 - 1800 ( ). C 1200-1650 1370-1700 1200 - 1700 1250 - 1500. ( ) 1000 - 1100. ( ). 1100 1200. 1100.]}

8 800-900 900 4L. Radiant 760. 4L C / / 420 1000 - 1100. 450 Syngas . Syngas . Syngas . 4L. 23 7 h . A A h . ` \ A 1 25. EAGLE: A Coal Energy Application for Gas Liquid & Electricity . B . J- power . _ A R . A; U . O )2 A 0 4 . ! J- power . 23 7 h . A A h . ` \ A 2 26. ! <. w . @ igcc : . P U \ A. O vs . ?? . ?? = > . O A. O > P . 23 7 h . 27. 4.. 23 7 h . A 28. O ! . O ! . O { m . O 4 . Coal-water slurry CWM . O P 2F ]K. O P .. 23 7 h . _5 m 29. Clean gas Pulse type . back flashing .. Exfoliated dust . Crude . gas.}

9 Filtration Cleaning A .. ! <. w . 23 7 h . 4 30. 104 . @ A . Coal A . Combustor 103 . Viscosity, Pa S . Coal B .. 102 .. Coal C. 10 (CaO 25%) . 1 . 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 . Temperature K . video camera slag Molten hole slag 0 . 4 .. 23 7 h . Competition between gasification and puverised coal combustion ? 31. + ) (% ' " .. , ` +M . Million tons .. PCC .. US. ! China India Australia " South Africa Indonesia $(&) ' %#. A P for igcc .. for PCC .. Source: Clean Coal power R&D Co.,Ltd. A technology roadmap of power generation from coal (JCOAL, 2007, modified).

10 23 7 h . P 3 32. O 2F. O ] > ]K . O P P . O . O / AP H ) H. O )25 ]K. O q . O A}G P qA. 23 7 h . Syngas treatment technologies Syngas cooling 33. # $* &! . 1400 to 1000 C . Ash viscosity .. E . P 2F ]K . 1000 to 400 C. 1600 C .. 23 7 h . P 3 34. P > . O A P igcc . O A}G P gas-to-liquid, GTL). O "2 . O )2 ]K. igcc r J . CO + H2O = H2 + CO2. CO2 H . O ) CO2 , (H2 CO2]K). O "2/CO (GTL). 23 7 h . P 3 35. P . P . _ {. < 2 ppmw igcc . particulates . H2S, COS < 10-20 ppmv igcc . < 1 ppmv IGFC FTP , etc.. HCl, HF < 1 2 ppmv igcc .