KISS Resources for the Australian Curriculum - Science ...

1 Slide 1 Topic Plate Tectonics Format: OnScreencopyright 2012 KEEPIT SIMPLE COPYfor schools onlyKISS Resources for the Australian Curriculum - ScienceKEEPITSIMPLESCIENCER esources for Science Teaching & Learningfor the Australian CurriculumYou have downloaded an inspection copyof the OnScreen versionof a KISS may use this inspection copy for evaluation of KISS Resources , as permitted by the applicable copyright law. OnScreen versions are formatted for computer or projection and designed to be: used in class via computer networks, data projectors, IWB s, etc. accessed by students (eg via Moodle)for study in their laptop, tablet, iPad or home PhotoMaster versionof this topic covers the same content, but is formatted foreconomical photocopying for paper hand-outs , or preparing topic booklets.

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4 A one year time limit appliesif used under an Annual Usage Agreement .Please Respect Our Rights Under Copyright LawKISS OnScreen topics are easily converted to PowerPoint instructions from Customer Support at our is a trademark of Microsoft COPYfor schools onlySlide 3 Topic Plate Tectonics Format: OnScreencopyright 2012 KEEPIT SIMPLE COPYfor schools only keep itsimple scienceKISS Resources for the Australian Curriculum - ScienceNew Technology,New EvidenceSpreading, Collision& SubductionAlfred Wegener& ContinentalDriftSea-FloorEvidenceFossil & MineralEvidenceLocations ofVolcanoes &EarthquakesPlateTectonicsEvidence forthe MovingPlatesStructure ofthe EarthThe MovingPlatesTectonicAustraliaTectonicImp actsWhat is this topic about?To keep it as simple as possible,( Principle) this topic covers:Structure of the EarthReview of Earth PlatesThe Theory of Plate Tectonics,including a little spreading, subduction,mountain building.

5 The driving forcefor the moving EvidenceSome of the reasons we believe this theory is AustraliaBrief history of how the Australiancontinent was formed and what ishappening ImpactsEffects of tectonic events on theEarth, on people and on other living OutlineINSPECTION COPYfor schools onlySlide 4 Topic Plate Tectonics Format: OnScreencopyright 2012 KEEPIT SIMPLE COPYfor schools onlyThe Structure of the Earth You already know that the Earth has a the Solid EarthScientists have always been interested inearthquakes. By learning about earthquakes it washoped that we might learn to predict them, and soavoid some of the deaths and destruction that 100 years ago, the study of earthquakes (called Seismology )became advanced enough thatscientists began studying the way that earthquakeshockwaves travel through the Earth.

6 From this, it became clear that the solid Earth is nottotally solid, and has a layer structure, as , it was discovered that the outer layer is not aone-piece shell , but is broken up into a dozen or so plates which slowly slide around on the layersunderneath. As they slide, the plates move apart, orcollide, creating earthquakes, mountain ranges, theocean basins and even the continents The crust is avery thin layerof The mantleis a verythick layerof Core In the centre is a large ball ofsolid iron & nickel. It is veryhot, but huge pressurescause it to be Core The outer core is hotliquid. It is largely a mixtureof the metals iron & begin with revision of some things covered keep itsimple scienceKISS Resources for the Australian Curriculum - ScienceINSPECTION COPYfor schools onlySlide 5 Topic Plate Tectonics Format: OnScreencopyright 2012 KEEPIT SIMPLE COPYfor schools onlyThe LithosphereAlthough the Crust and Mantle are separate layers and have different density and composition, the boundary between them is not as simple and clear cut as the previous diagram to the bottom of the crust is a layer of mantlerock which has welded itself to the crust rocks 2-part layer is called thickness of thelithosphere the oceans, it canbe about 5 km thick andis mostly crust rockswith very little mantlerock attached.

7 Underthe continents thelithosphere is over100km of rock sounds like a lot, but compared to the6,400 km diameter of the Earth, the lithosphere layer is an extremely thin shell on the the lithosphere is a slippery layer of the now know that the lithosphere floats on the main body of the mantle,and is broken up into large pieces calledtectonic plates are pushed aroundby huge, relentless forcescaused by heat energyupwelling from the Earth s this topic you will learnabout the tectonic plates and how theycreate and change the continents,oceans and mountain ranges overhundreds of millions of rocksOceanMantle rock stuck to the baseof the crustMain body of the mantleCrust & lithosphere under a continent ismuch thicker than under the oceans. keep itsimple scienceKISS Resources for the Australian Curriculum - ScienceSlide 6 Topic Plate Tectonics Format: OnScreencopyright 2012 KEEPIT SIMPLE COPYfor schools onlySeismology Seismology is the study of earthquakes and their shock waves.

8 (Greek, seismo = shaking)EarthquakesEarthquakes are caused by sudden movements inthe Earth s crust. The sudden release of enormousenergies sends out shock waves which radiate outfrom the focus of the shock waves are detected and recorded by photo shows an old-fashionedseismometer recording the vibrations on seismometers use electronic detectors andrecord data digitally for computer WavesThe shock waves arerefractedby differentdensity rocks, and sometypes of waves cannotpass through the liquid Outer understanding of thestructure of the Earth is based onstudying the seismic waves and how they behaveas they pass through the different are thousands of seismometers all over theworld, including the ocean floor. Most areautomatic stations sending data to centralcomputers by radio or phone links.

9 Many are warning systems to alert people topossible volcanic eruptions or tsunami waves inthe wavestravel through the Earth keep itsimple scienceKISS Resources for the Australian Curriculum - ScienceINSPECTION COPYfor schools onlySlide 7 Topic Plate Tectonics Format: OnScreencopyright 2012 KEEPIT SIMPLE COPY forschools onlyLocating an EarthquakeWithin minutes of an earthquake occurring, modern seismometers can tell you exactlywhere it occurred. Here is a simplified explanation of and S WavesEarthquakes give off several types ofshock wave which have different properties andtravel at different fastest waves, called Primary (P) wavesalways arrive at a seismometer first, followed by Secondary (S) time-gapbetween them gives the distancefrom seismometer to earthquake. Each P-S gap equates to a distance = 7 3 or more seismometers record theearthquake, it can be located by the diagram to get the idea.

10 S-wavesP-wavesSeismic Station AP-S time gap = 150 sDistance = 1050 kmSeismic Station BP-S time gap = 193 sDistance = 1350 kmSeismic Station CP-S time gap = 343 sDistance = 2400 km1050 km2400 kmRecord ofseismic shockwaves, showingtime gap (arrow)between S & Pwaves. keep itsimple scienceKISS Resources for the Australian Curriculum - SciencePlease completeWorksheets 1 & 2before going COPYfor schools onlySlide 8 Topic Plate Tectonics Format: OnScreencopyright 2012 KEEPIT SIMPLE COPYfor schools onlyDiscusssion / Activity 1 The following activity might be for class discussion, or there may be paper copies for you to Structure Student Name .. label the diagr am to show the main layers ofthe is the lithosphere ? ) What is seismology?b) Give an outline how seismology has rev ealedthe Earth s structure as shown in the diagr ) Give an outline ofhow seismology data can pin-point the location ofan Earthquake.