Kixor Herbicide Technical Brochure

1 Kixor HerbicideTechnical BrochureBASF Agricultural Products26 Davis DriveResearch Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA+1 919-547-2000 Kixor , Integrity, OpTill, Sharpen and Treevix are trademarks of BASF. 2009 BASF Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 1-210/12/09 2:39 PM3 PREFACEThis Technical Brochure provides general information about Kixor Herbicide a new active ingredient under development from BASF Crop Protection. Kixor is not currently registered for use in the United States. The registration dossier for Kixor was submitted for tri-lateral review in the United States, Canada and Australia in January 2008. DISCLAIMERThe product discussed in this Technical Brochure is not registered and is not available for sale.

2 This Technical and educational material is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended to promote the sale of the sale of this product after registration is obtained shall be solely on the basis of approved product labels, and any claims regarding product safety and efficacy shall be addressed solely by the 3-310/12/09 2:39 PMKIXOR Herbicide Technical BROCHURE45 TABLE OF CONTENTSI ntroduction 5 Key Benefits of Kixor Herbicide 5 General Characteristics 6 Weeds Controlled 7 Crop Development Targets 8 Application Considerations 8 The Kixor Herbicide Family of Products 9 Integrity Herbicide for Corn and Grain Sorghum 10 OpTill Herbicide for Soybean, Dry Field Peas and Chickpeas 11 Sharpen Herbicide for Burndown 12 Treevix Herbicide for Fruit and Nut Trees 13 Mammalian Toxicology 14 Ecotoxicology 14 Environmental Fate 15 Physical and Chemical Properties 15 INTRODUCTIONK ixor is an innovative, new active ingredient under development by BASF and represents a new standard for broadleaf weed control.

3 Kixor is a highly effective Herbicide that will be suitable for contact and residual control of broadleaf weeds. Row crop research has shown that Kixor will be able to be applied prior to crop emer-gence for burndown of emerged broadleaf weeds in a number of crops and at higher rates in corn and sorghum for season-long residual broadleaf control. Kixor has also shown po tential to be used as a directed postemergence treatment in citrus fruit, pome fruit, stone fruit and nut trees, as a sunflower desiccant, as a postharvest burndown treatment, and as a postemergence treatment in fal low cropland. KEY BENEFITS OF Kixor HERBICIDEn A unique chemistry for the Herbicide market. n Excellent control of all major broadleaf weeds, including glyphosate, ALS and atrazine-resistant biotypes.

4 N Broad-spectrum weed control without the need for Rapid foliar burndown and residual soil activity. n Safe for use in multiple crops and rotational crop systems. n Compatible with other herbicides to provide broad-spectrum weed control. n Favorable environmental, toxicological and ecotoxicological 4-510/12/09 2:39 PMKIXOR Herbicide Technical BROCHURE67 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICSNew ChemistryKixor Herbicide is the first in the class known as pyrimidinedione in North America. Kixor was designed with a novel side chain (Figure 1). This novel side chain means that Kixor is readily metabolized by tolerant crops, which leads to excellent crop safety. The novel side chain also imparts chemical properties that result in soil bioavailability and foliar activity that enhance weed SafetyLab studies have shown that tolerant crops, like corn, are capable of rapidly metabolizing Kixor (Figure 2) whereas sensitive weeds, like morningglory, cannot (Figure 3).

5 Figure 2: 4 hours after treatmentData provided by Dean Riechers, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignFigure 3: 4 hours after treatmentCommon Name Scientific Name Morningglory, pitted Ipomoea lacunosaMorningglory, tall Ipomoea purpureaMustard, black Brassica nigraMustard, tumble Sisymbrium altissimumMustard, wild Sinapis arvensisNettle, burning Urtica urensNightshade, black Solanum nigrumNightshade, cutleaf Solanum triflorumNightshade, Eastern black Solanum ptycanthumNightshade, hairy Solanum saccharoidesPennycress, field Thlaspi arvensePigweed, prostrate Amaranthus blitoidesPigweed, redroot Amaranthus retroflexusPigweed, smooth Amaranthus hybridusPuncturevine Tribulus terrestrisPurslane, common Portulaca oleraceaRagweed, common Ambrosia artemisiifoliaRagweed, giant Ambrosia trifidaSesbania.

6 Hemp Sesbania exaltataShepherd s Purse Capsella bursa-pastorisSida, prickly Sida spinosaSmartweed, Pennsylvania Polygonum pensylvanicumSowthistle, annual Sonchus oleraceusSowthistle, spiny Sonchus asperSunflower, common Helianthus annuusTansymustard, pinnate Descurainia pinnata Thistle, Canada Cirsium arvenseThistle, Russian Salsola kaliVelvetleaf Abutilon theophrastiWaterhemp Amaranthus tuberculatusWillowweed Epilobium adenocaulonCommon Name Scientific NameAmaranth, Palmer Amaranthus palmeriBedstraw, catchweed Galium aparineBeggarticks, hairy Bidens pilosaBeggarweed, Florida Desmodium tortuosumBindweed, field Convolvulus arvensisBuckwheat, wild Polygonum convolvulusCanola, volunteer (rapeseed) Brassica Mollugo verticillataCocklebur, common Xanthium strumariumCowcockle Vaccaria pyramidataDandelion Taraxacum officinaleEveningprimrose, cutleaf Oenothera laciniataFalseflax, smallseed Camelina microcarpaFleabane, hairy Conyza bonariensisFlixweed Descurainia sophiaGroundcherry, cutleaf Physalis angulataGroundsel, common Senecio vulgarisHorseweed (marestail) Conyza canadensisKnotweed, prostrate Polygonum aviculareKochia Kochia scopariaLadysthumb Polygonum persicariaLambsquarters, common Chenopodium albumLambsquarters, narrowleaf Chenpodium pratericolaLettuce, prickly Lactuca serriolaMallow, common Malva neglectaMallow, little (cheeseweed)

7 Malva parvifloraMallow, Venice Hibiscus trionumMarestail (horseweed) Conyza canadensisMorningglory, entireleaf Ipomoea hederacea var. integriusculaMorningglory, ivyleaf Ipomoea hederaceaMorningglory, palmleaf Ipomoea wrightiiWEEDS CONTROLLEDThis list is a general indication of the burndown and residual spectrum demonstrated in and TranslocationKixor is readily absorbed by plant roots, shoots and leaves. Once absorbed, Kixor is predominantly translocated via the xylem, with some movement in the of ActionKixor is a potent inhibitor of chlorophyll biosynthesis resulting in a rapid buildup of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation of the cellular membranes. This results in a rapid loss of membrane integrity leading to cellular leakage, tissue necrosis and, ultimately, plant 1 Rapid metabolismNo metabolism33% Kixor100% 6-710/12/09 2:39 PMKIXOR Herbicide Technical BROCHURE89 CROP DEVELOPMENT TARGETSK ixor Herbicide has demonstrated the potential for utility in a variety of cropping sys tems.

8 Crop selectivity is most often based on physical placement and metabolism but will ultimately depend on the crop species, use rate, soil characteristics and application tim ing. Kixor cannot be applied after crop emergence or injury will occur. THE Kixor Herbicide FAMILY OF PRODUCTSAPPLICATION CONSIDERATIONSK ixor is being developed as a water-based spray alone or, more commonly, in combination with other herbicides for broad-spectrum control. Studies indicate that when Kixor is applied as a contact Herbicide to emerged weeds it should be mixed with a suitable adjuvant system. Maximum burndown activity has been achieved with a an adjuvant system including a crop oil concentrate or methylated seed oil plus a spray-grade, ammonium containing fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate.

9 Proposed Crop Species Proposed Application TimingCereals: barley, oat, wheat PP, PPI, PREC hickpeas and Dry Field Peas PP, PPI, PRE Corn PP, PPI, PREC otton PPFallow and Post Harvest POSTG rain Sorghum PP, PPI, PRES oybean PP, PRES unflower POST-DesiccantFruit and Nut Trees POST-DirectedKey: PP = Preplant Surface; PPI = Preplant Incorporated; PRE = Preemergence; POST = PostemergenceAdjuvantCrop Oil Concentrate or Methylated Seed Oil PLUSA mmonium Sulfate orUrea Ammonium NitrateRate1 gal/100 gal (1% v/v) lb/100 gal (1-2% w/v) gal/100 gal ( v/v)Ground applications for which water is the carrier should be made with a proposed minimum spray volume of 5 gal/A. Higher spray volumes typically improve spray coverage and control of larger weeds and denser weed is nonvolatile, but spray drift must be managed to avoid contact with non-target plant HerbicideCorn, Grain SorghumTreevix HerbicideCitrus Fruit, Pome Fruit, Stone Fruit, NutOpTill HerbicideSoybean (Midwest), Chickpeas, Dry Field PeasSharpen HerbicideSmall Grain Cereals, Corn, Cotton, Fallow, Grain Sorghum, Chickpeas, Dry Field Peas, Soybean, Sunflower (desiccation) 8-910/12/09 2.

10 40 PMKIXOR Herbicide Technical BROCHURE1011 INTEGRITY Herbicide FOR CORN AND GRAIN SORGHUMI ntegrity is Kixor Herbicide plus dimethenamid-p formulated as a liquid emulsifiable concentrate ( lb ai/gal). BASF is developing Integrity for use in corn and grain sorghum as a preplant, preplant incorporated or preemergence treatment in all types of tillage. Integrity has been shown to be effective when used as a full-rate, one-pass treatment or as a reduced-rate setup for a POST, in-crop Herbicide application. Key Development Targetsn One-pass, season-long broadleaf and grass control n Broad-spectrum weed control without the need for atrazinen Unique Kixor chemistryOPTILLTM Herbicide FOR SOYBEAN, DRY FIELD PEAS AND CHICKPEASOpTill is a dry formulation (68% WG) of Kixor Herbicide plus imazethapyr in devel opment by BASF for burndown and residual weed control when applied preplant through preemergence.