KOZIERAND ERB'S FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING - CORE

1 KOZIERAND ERB'S FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING FIRST AUSTRAlIAN EDITION VOLUME ONE Cover art Roben 5lUurman is a Noongar from Western Australia who does Aboriginal an as a result of meet-ing his birth mother in 1994. He is from the Stolen Gene ratio ns. The cover of this book is adapted from one of his paintings called Pathways through the Sea. Thi painting shows that knowing o ne's ability in un environment reflects knowing what to do in s ituotio ns and circumstances-in this case knowing the seasons and cycles of the sea. Starfish indicate a form of tenaciousness, because w hen one of their arms is cul off it grows back again . This tenaciollsness for life is a lso I'eflectecl in the amOllnl of clot work thm is inrlic:nive of thi~ slOry.

2 Tenacity and persiste nce is also reflected in the field of NURSING . Due to nurses' willing ness to make a difference to promote lifc, in many respects they are the unsung heroes that stay true to their pathway. Much like the pathway of tbe sea, they are always there. Thjs book cover is dedicated to would-be nurses who read this book and to the ones out in remote places that have had to make do with little. Ro be rt Stuurman, artist KOZIERAND ERB'S FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING FIRST AUSTRALIAN EDITION : ':_, .. '';'.'~ .. ~ .. " 0':. ,.. "0 o' ".::. -J .. :.. ~: .;.. :.;.: .. : .= .:.: .. ~.. :;.. 0..0 .., .. , ..' .. ", ,'..: .:':':. :0. ~". :.: '0 :.. 0 .. '.. :'~'.

3 :':. : : :.,. '0 .. II 0" ., e..,' I, .. ' :. : .. ' . ~ .. ,,'.. '.~ .. ~::.. If: .. : .. : .. :.:.. ~I .. : .. :: .,;: .. : .. ~: .. : .. ~.~ .. :.: .. \ .. ~.. :.. : .. :.. ':, .. :::.':: ; .. ::..,: \ .. ; : .. :.; 00; : , 0 :: ::,,!,O.: :.: .. :. :..:' :: .. ::: : .. :. :', : .. : .. :.~ .. : .. ' .. : .. :.. : .. :.. : .. : .. :. 0 .' ._ .. ; .. : .~, :.:': .. -:., .. : .. ' .. ~.":. : t.." , ..: .. ' ., .. ":'~ .." ., .. -..e ..~ .' ' .. : c --.. '.' .. -: .-;-.,' .. e' t. :., .~.-: ..'., '1 -: ".,., :.. ,'. ':'" ,: .'.. '. I" 1 I.

4 '. I.."..0 ~.. I'.., ." '. I . ::. : :"'''' :: .. :..:' .. :. ':.":: .. ' ..' ..' "..' .. :" .. : .~:~ .. :: .. : .. ':.. ~ .. ;: .. , : AUDREY SHIRLEE J. SNYDEr. 13AR13 ARA KOZIEr. GLENORA mACY LEVEn-JONES mUDY DWYEr. MAJELLA HALES NICHOLE HArNEY YONI LUXFORD LORNA MOXHAM TANYA PARK 13AR13 ARA PARKEr. REID-SEARL DAVID STANLEY Copyright :l Pearso n Auslralia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2010 Pca~u Australia Unit 4, Level 3 14 Aquatic Drive Frenchs Forest NSW 2086 wwwpearson com pu Authorised ndnpl:uion from The United ST:lT("$. eliitinn letl Knt.;pr ~ '.f F'",u}nIllPlltnls of Nur,~;"g. Rth edition. ISRN 0111714686 by Berman, Audrey; S nyder, Shirlee; Kozicr, Barbara; Erb, G lenora, published by PCtmQn Education, Inc, publishing as Prentice Hall, Copyright @ 2008.)

5 1st adaptation editJon publiShed by Pearson AUStralla. Copyright 192010. The Copyright Act / 968 of Australia allows a maximum of onc c hapter or 10% of this book. whichever is the greater. to be copied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that that educational institution (or the body thai administers il) has given u remuneratio n notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) unde r the Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limilcd. telcphone: (02) 9394 7600. email: All rights reserved. Except under the conditions described in the Copyright Act /968 of Australia and su bsequent amendments. no part of this publication may be re produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic.

6 Mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the pri or permission of the copyright owne r. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Is lander readers sho uld be aware that this publication may contain images o r names of people who have passed away. Senior Acquisitions Edilor: Michelle Aarons Senior Project Editor: Katie Millar Managing Development Editor: Michael Stone bdltonal Coonhnalor: Yvonne ShepherdlFranny Gustafson Produc tion Coordinator: Chris Richardson/Barbara Honor Copy Edi[Qr: Jane Tyrrell Proofreader: Felicity McKe nzie Copyright and Pictures Edito r: Emma Gaulton I ndexer: Mary Cae Cover design by Natalie Bowrd Cvvel illustralion by Raben Sluunnan Typeset by Midland TypesetterS. Australia Printed in China I 2345 14 13 12 I I 10 National LibfW)' of Australia Cllt~loguins-in-Public:tlion Data Title: Kozier and ERB'S FUNDAMENTALS of NURSING /Berman, Audrey [et al.]]

7 ]. Editio n: 1s t Australian ed. ISBN: 9781442504691 (p bk: Voll) ~7tsl4425U47U7 (pbk: Vol 2) 9781442504714 (pbk: Vol 3) Notes: Includes index. Subjects: Nursin2. NURSING Process. NURSING Care. Other AuthOrs/Contributors: Bettnan, AuJley. Kozier. Barbara. Erb, Glenora Lea. Dewey Number: 6 Every effort has been made to lrace and acknowledge copyri ght. However. should any infringement have occurred. the publishers tender lheir apologies and invite copyright owners to contact them. Pearson Australia is a division of PEARSON --VOLUME 1 VOLUME 2 UNIT 1 UNIT 6 THE NATURE OF NURSING 1 INTEGRAl ASPECTS OF chapter I Hjstorical and Contemporary NURSING NURSING 46:5 Practice 2 chapter 25 Caring 464 chapter 2 Nurse Education, Research and chapter 26 Communicating 482 Evidence-Based Practice 23 chapter 27 Teaching 517 chapter 3 NURSING Theories and Conceptual chapter 28 Leading, Managing and Delegating 546 Frameworks 38 UNIT 7 chapter 4 Legal Aspects of NURSING 55 ASSESSING HEALTH 561 chapter 5 Values.

8 Ethics and Advocacy 86 chapter 29 Vital Signs 562 UNIT 2 chapter 30 Health Assessment 607 CONTEMPORARY HEALTH CARE 105 UNIT 8 chapter 6 Health Care Delivery Systems 106 INTEGRAL COMPONENTS OF chapter 7 Community Health NURSING l22 CUENTCARE 699 chapter 8 Home Care 133 chapter 3 1 Asepsis 700 chapter 9 NURSING Informatics 147 chapter 32 Safety 744 UNIT3 chapter 33 Hygiene 780 THE NURSING PROCESS 167 chapter 34 Diagnostic Testing 839 CHAPTcK IU Critical 'flunking and the NURSING chapter 35 Medications 875 Process 168 chapter 36 Skin Integrity and Wound Care 949 chapter II Assessing 181 chapter 37 Peri operative NURSING 987 chapter 12 Diagnosing 202 chapter 13 Planning 218 VOLUME J chapter 14 Implementing and Evaluating 241 UNIT9 C IIAPTERI5 Documenting and Reporting 254 PROMOTING PSYCHOSOCIAL UNIT4 HEALTH 1031 HEALTH BEUnS AND chapter 38 Sensory Perception 1032 PRACTICES 277 chapter 39 Self-Concept 1056 chapter 16 Health Promotion 278 chapter 40 Sexuality J073 chapter 17 Health , Wellness and Illness 305 chapter 41 Spirituality 1098 chapter 18 Cultures and NURSING 323 chapter 42 Stress and Coping 1118 chapter 19 Complementary and Alternative chapter 43 Loss, Grieving and Death 1139 Therapies 343 UNIT 10 UNIT 5 PROMOTING PHYSIOLOGIC UFESPAN DEVELOPMENT 361 HEALTH 1163 < chapter ?

9 O :f' ;: nf Growth ~nci chapter 44 Activity and Exercise lI64 Development 362 chapter 45 Sleep 1220 chapter 2 1 Promoting Health from Conception chapter 46 Pain Management 1246 through to Adolescence 381 chapter 47 Nutrition 1292 chapter 22 Promoting Health in Young and chapter 48 Urinary Elimination 1345 Middle-Aged Adults 409 chapter 49 Faecal Elimination 1386 chapter 23 Promoting Health in Older Adults 423 chapter 50 Oxygenatio n l422 chapter 24 Promoting Family Health 448 chapter 5 1 Circulation 1467 chapter 52 Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Balance 1492 Glossary G I Index 11 ABOUT THE ORIGINATING AUTHORS ABOUT THE AUSTRALIAN AUTHORS PREFACE TO THE FIRST AUSTRALIAN EDITION CONTRIBUTORS VOLUME 1 UNIT 1 THE NATURE OF NURSING chapter 1 historical AND CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE historical Pe rspectives :1ry Nllrsine Pr::tcticp.

10 Roles and Functions of the Nurse Criteria of a Profession SociaLisalion to Nun:iing Factors Influencing Contemporary NURSING Practice NURSING Organisations chapter 2 NURSE EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE-IJASED PRACTICE Nurse Education Types of Educational Prog rams NURSING Research and Evidence-Based Practic e Critiquing Research Repol1s chapter 3 NURSING THEORIES AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS lntroductlOn to Theories The Metaparadigm for N ursing Purposes of NURSING Theory Overview of Selected NURSING Theories Nursin g Theorists in A ustralia Critique of NURSING Theorv chapter 4 LEGAL ASPEGS OF NURSING Legal Aspects of NURSING Regulation of NURSING Practice XIII xv XVII XXIV 1 2 3 q II 13 15 IS 18 23 24 2 5 28 34 38 39 40 41 42 49 49 55 56 64 Contractu al Arrangements in NURSING Selected Legal Aspects of NURSING Practice Areas of Potential Liability in NURSING Legal Protections in