LAKELAND LABORATORIES - Surchem

1 LLLLLAKELANDLABORATORIESLIMITEDM anufacturers of Speciality SurfactantsAmphotericsPhosphate EstersImidazolinesWax EmulsionsCHEMICALS FOR INDUSTRYC ertificate Which? Where?3 Imidazoline 18 OHClear light brown to C17375< *dark brown liquid(Tall Oil)Imidazoline 12 OHGreen/brown paste at C12250< *20 C, clear green/brown (Coconut)liquid at 40 CImidazoline S OHOff white to light C17375< *brown solid at 20 C(Stearic)Imidazoline 18 NHClear dark brown liquidC17310< *(Tall Oil)Imidazoline 18 CAClear dark brown/C17320< liquid at 35 C(Tall Oil)Imidazoline 18 DAClear dark brown/C17580 *green liquid at 20 C(Tall Oil)Why Imidazolines?INTRODUCTIONL akeland Imidazolines are thermally stable organicnitrogenous bases. The un-neutralised Imidazoline, beinglipophilic, is soluble in non-polar solvents and mineral oilbut only dispersible in aqueous systems.

2 The ability ofimidazolines to form cations means they will be stronglyadsorbed onto the negatively charged surface of metals,fibres, plastics, glass and minerals; thereby thesehydrophilic surfaces are converted to hydrophobic surfaces. Imidazoline salts are much more hydrophilicthan their bases and function as acid stable detergentswith good wetting agents. Imidazolines may also be madecompatible with aqueous systems using LAKELAND AMA assolubiliser. The film forming and corrosion inhibitionproperties lend themselves to numerous and variedindustrial RangeSome of the many properties/advantages imidazolines offer to the formulator are:1 ProductAppearanceAlkyl ChainEquivalent % Free % (derivative)Weight (E2)Fatty AcidCyclisation(typical)(typical)(typica l) Strongly cationic.

3 Good Emulsifiers. Form acid salts to confer water solubility. Can be solubilised into aqueous systems using LAKELAND Dipropionates. water repellant/ water proofing. Nominally 100 % Solids. Soluble in oil/hydrophobic solvent, as base. Good lubricity. Strongly hydrophobic. Good base for corrosion inhibition CN CH2CH CH OHOH22N CH2R CN CH2CH CH NHNH22N CH22R CN CH2CH CH NHCORNHCOR22N CH2 Based on Fatty acid/Aminoethylethanolamine 1 :1 Based on Fatty acid/ Diethylene triamine 1 :1 Based on Fatty acid/ Diethylene triamine 2 :1 HYDROXYETHYL IMIDAZOLINESAMINOETHYL IMIDAZOLINESAMIDOETHYL IMIDAZOLINESI midazoline TypesLakeland manufacture three main types of imidazolines, namely:HYDROXYETHYLAMINOETHYLAMIDOETHYL* by Titrimetric method LA C15.

4 The above represent our major products, other variants available on HOMOPOLYMERI midazoline 18 0 HSolubleSolubleSolubleSolubleImidazoline 12 0 HDispersibleSolubleInsolubleSolubleImida zoline S OHDispersible*Soluble*InsolubleSoluble*I midazoline 18 NHSolubleSolubleSolubleSolubleImidazolin e 18 CASolubleSolubleSolubleSolubleImidazolin e 18 DASolubleSolubleSolubleSolubleProductWat er Mineral Oil Xylene Pet ether Propan-2-olThe case has been made "WHY" imidazolines are problem for the formulator now becomes -"WHICH IMIDAZOLINE?" A series of comparative testshave been carried out:Which Imidazoline? Solubility Corrosion Inhibition Emulsification* Requires heating and may become unstable on standingSolubility10% Imidazoline was added to the solvents and the following observations were noted.

5 2 EmulsificationImidazoline 18 0 HSolubleSolubleSolubleSolubleSolubleImid azoline 12 0 HSolubleSolubleSolubleSolubleSolubleImid azoline S OHInsolubleInsolubleInsolubleInsolubleIn solubleImidazoline 18 NH DispersibleDispersibleDispersibleInsolub leInsolubleImidazoline 18 CADispersibleDispersibleInsolubleDispers ibleDispersibleImidazoline 18 DADispersibleDispersibleDispersibleDispe rsibleDispersible ProductHCI H3PO4 Acetic LAKELAND AMA LakelandPA100 Aqueous Solubility5% Imidazoline was added to the aqueous systems and the following observations were noted: LAKELAND imidazolines are used as emulsifiers andco-emulsifiers for both oil in water and water in oil systems. The choice of imidazoline can be optimised basedon their comparative solubilities in oil as well as theirhydrophobic character.

6 The Hydroxyethyl imidazolines areregarded as the most hydrophilic compounds, with theimidazoline 12 OH (C12 coco derived) more hydrophilicthan the imidazoline 18 OH (C18 oleic derived). TheAmidoethyl types (due to the presence of two large alkylgroups) are the most hydrophobic of the 18 12 S 18 18 18 (20 C) ViscosityCAS NoEINECSS tandardData(Typical) (cPs/20 C)Pack SizeSheet(Typical)(Kgs)NoImidazoline 18 273-051-1190900ethanol,4,5-dihydro,-2-C1 5-17unsaturatedalkyl derivativesImidazoline 12 263-170-7190650ethanol,4,5-dihydro,-2-no r coco alkylderivativesImidazoline S ,2-Heptadecyl-4,5-DihydroImidazoline 18 NHFatty acids,tall 271-205-2190700compounds withdiethylene triaminetall oil fatty acidreaction productsImidazoline 18 CAFatty acids,tall 263-160-2190555reaction productswith diethylene triamineImidazoline 18 271-205-2190600N-[2-[2-[(8-Heptadecenyl) ]]]

7 4,5-Dihydro-1H-Imidazole-1Y]Ethyl]-Corro sion InhibitionThe following figures represent the % weight loss on mild steel coupons when immersed in the respective acid (10% solution) dosed with Imidazoline for 48 hours:ProductPhosphoric AcidHydrochloric AcidSulphuric AcidAcetic Acid20 C 80 C20 C40 C20 C40 C20 C80 CImidazoline Range3 AMINOETHYL IMIDAZOLINESAMIDOETHYL IMIDAZOLINESHYDROXYETHYL IMIDAZOLINESWe now have the answers to WHY and WHICH imidazoline. The following examples of WHERE Imidazolines are oftenapplied should give the formulator a complete picture of the flexibility of these types of to use Imidazolines?Corrosion/Rust InhibitorsThe adsorbtion of imidazoline salts onto metal surfaces willdisplace any water and form a monomolecularhydrophobic layer on the surface.

8 The most effectivesystem for this type of application would be a solution ofImidazoline 18 DA in oil, as the oil is also carried to thesurface. The protective coating is resistant to aqueous andacid corrosion. LAKELAND Imidazoline 18 OH may be incorporated intolubricants for metal working, where it will function as anemulsifier and corrosion inhibitor. Best results would beobtained using a blend of Imidazoline 18 OH as emulsifierand 18 DA as corrosion inhibitor. Imidazolines may be used in acid pickling baths to improvethe wetting by acid, rapidly coating the cleaned metalsurface and limiting the rate of acid attack. LakelandImidazoline 12 OH is recommended for this WashingAutomatic car washes often include a final rinse whichrenders the car bodywork water based rinse aid concentrates can be preparedas follows:Imidazoline 18 Seal Ethoxylate (C10+ 5EO) above product is a concentrate which can be diluted inwater (10%-30%) to desired concentration and usedthrough brush wash system at 200-400 times alternative aqueous based concentrate can be preparedas follows.

9 Imidazoline 18 18 PA AMA LF above concentrate should be formulated withbiodegradable solvents such as D Limonene andhydrophobes such as Lipinol O (oleyl 2 ethyl hexanoate) togive more environmentally friendly vehicle RepellentsLakeland Imidazoline 18 OH applied either as the free basein non-polar solvent or aqueous dispersion of the acid saltor solubilised with LAKELAND AMA will impart waterresistance to surfaces such as wood, concrete, plaster CleanersLakeland Imidazoline 18 OH, phosphoric acid, andkerosene are the basis for a good metal cleaningformulation. This type of product will clean the metal anddeposit a corrosion resistant film to inhibit applications are in the formulation of acidiclavatory cleanser and dairy AidsWhen imidazolines are mixed with positively chargedproducts a dispersing effect is observed, imidazolinescan be used to disperse carbon ApplicationsImidazolines are known to have many and variedapplications in the textile industry.

10 The following is a brieflist of potential applications: Acid resistant detergents Improved adhesion of anionic resin emulsions to fibres Improved light fastness of dyes Fabric softeners and lubricantsLakeland Imidazoline 18 OH is also an ideal emulsifier/wetting agent for the acid degreasing of pelts in the textile fibres carry a negative charge, hence imidazolinesalts can be applied to them from aqueous solution. Theacetate salt or the dialkyl sulphate quat are Imidazoline 18 DA and 18 OH in lowconcentrations in hydrocarbon or chlorinated solvents, willremove traces of water from steel or brass surfaces anddeposit a protective coating which inhibits EmulsionsImidazolines have various applications in the preparation oflubricant emulsions where they are known to act as emulsionstabilisers, corrosion inhibitors and improve the lubricity ofoils.