Language, Proof and Logic - UCFileSpace Tools

1 language , Proof and LogicLanguage, Proof and LogicSecond EditionDave Barker- plummer , Jon Barwiseand John Etchemendyin collaboration withAlbert Liu, Michael Murray and Emma PeaseCopyright 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2011 CSLI PublicationsCenter for the Study of language and InformationLeland Stanford Junior UniversityFirst Edition 1999 Second Edition 2011 Printed in the United States15 14 13 12 111 2 3 4 5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataBarker- plummer , , Proof , and Logic . { 2nd ed. / Dave Barker- plummer , JonBarwise, and John Etchemendy in collaboration with Albert Liu, MichaelMurray, and Emma cm.}

2 {Rev. ed. of: language , Proof , and Logic / Jon Barwise & John 978-1-57586-632-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)1. Logic . I. Barwise, Jon. II. Etchemendy, John, 1952- III. Barwise, , Proof , and Logic . IV. 2011160{dc232011019703 CIP1 The acid-free paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of theAmerican National Standard for Information Sciences|Permanence of Paper forPrinted Library Materials,ANSI primary debt of gratitude goes to our main collaborators on this project:Gerry Allwein and Albert Liu. They have worked with us in designing theentire package, developing and implementing the software, and teaching fromand re ning the text.}}

3 Without their intelligence, dedication, and hard work,LPL would neither exist nor have most of its other good addition to the ve of us, many people have contributed directly and in-directly to the creation of the package. First, over two dozen programmers haveworked on predecessors of the software included with the package, both earlierversions of Tarski's World and the program Hyperproof, some of whose codehas been incorporated into Fitch. We want especially to mention ChristopherFuselier, Mark Greaves, Mike Lenz, Eric Ly, and Rick Wong, whose outstand-ing contributions to the earlier programs provided the foundation of the newsoftware.

4 Second, we thank several people who have helped with the develop-ment of the new software in essential ways: Rick Sanders, Rachel Farber, JonRussell Barwise, Alex Lau, Brad Dolin, Thomas Robertson, Larry Lemmon,and Daniel Chai. Their contributions have improved the package in a host versions of LPL have been tested at several colleges and univer-sities. In addition, other colleagues have provided excellent advice that we havetried to incorporate into the nal package. We thank Selmer Bringsjord, Rens-selaer Polytechnic Institute; Tom Burke, University of South Carolina; RobinCooper, Gothenburg University; James Derden, Humboldt State University;Josh Dever, SUNY Albany; Avrom Faderman, University of Rochester; JamesGarson, University of Houston; Christopher Gauker, University of Cincinnati;Ted Hodgson, Montana State University; John Justice, Randolph-Macon Wom-en's College; Ralph Kennedy, Wake Forest University; Michael O'Rourke,University of Idaho; Greg Ray, University of Florida.

5 Cindy Stern, Califor-nia State University, Northridge; Richard Tieszen, San Jose State University;Saul Traiger, Occidental College; and Lyle Zynda, Indiana University at SouthBend. We are particularly grateful to John Justice, Ralph Kennedy, and theirstudents (as well as the students at Stanford and Indiana University), fortheir patience with early versions of the software and for their extensive com-ments and suggestions. We would also like to thank the many instructors andstudents who have o ered useful feedback since the initial publication of would also like to thank Stanford's Center for the Study of Languagevvi /Acknowledgementsand Information and Indiana University's College of Arts and Sciences fortheir nancial support of the project.

6 Finally, we are grateful to our publisher,Dikran Karagueuzian and his team at CSLI Publications, for their skill andenthusiasm about LPL, and to Lauri Kanerva for his dedication and skill inthe preparation of the nal for the Second EditionOne part of developing courseware packages for publication is the continualchallenge of maintaining software in the face of developments in the commer-cial computer market. Since the initial publication of LPL, many operatingsystem versions have come and gone, each requiring modi cations, small andlarge, to the applications that are part of the package.

7 With the publicationof the second edition of LPL we are releasing the series of the Fitch, Booleand Submit applications, and the series of the Tarski's World applica-tion. While retaining the same functionality, these are essentially completerewrites of the applications that appeared with the initial publication of Grade Grinder too has undergone many updates and changes | it is nowrunning in its third major incarnation, having been ported from the Solarisoperating system to Mac OS X along the way. Three generations of the LPLweb site have also come and of this maintenance and development requires the talent of skilled pro-grammers, and we have been fortunate in the people that have contributedto the project.

8 Albert Liu contributed to many aspects of the software overa long period. Michael Murray's work is evident in all aspects of the desktopapplications, and is primarily responsible for the web site as it currently ap-pears. Emma Pease has served as the project's system administrator for thepast two years. We have modernized the appearance of the LPL applicationswith this new release, and the graphical design work of Aaron Kalb is evi-dent in every aspect of the software including the web site design, which wasrealized by Deonne Castaneda. Nik Swoboda of the Universidad Polit ecnicade Madrid created and maintains the Linux ports of the LPL software.

9 LeslieRogers served as the lead QA engineer for the new applications. The LPLpackage would not be what it is without the dedication and hard work of allof these people, and many others, and we thank them Barker- plummer frequently teaches using LPL in Stanford's Philos-ophy 150 class. He uses this as an excuse to try out new teaching material andsometimes beta versions of the software. Dave would like to thank all of thestudents who have enrolled in those classes over the years for their patienceand good for the Second Edition/ viiWe have bene tted greatly from the feedback of the many instructors whohave adopted the LPL package in their teaching.

10 We would particularly liketo thank Richard Zach, University of Calgary; S. Marc Cohen, University ofWashington and Bram van Heuveln, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute for muchappreciated comments on the package. Bram suggested to us the addition ofthe \Add Support Steps" feature of the new Fitch program. Richard Johnsof the University of British Columbia suggested the new \goggles" featureswhich are also included in that Openproof project continues to bene t from generous funding fromStanford University and from its home in the intellectually stimulating en-vironment of Stanford's Center for the Study of language and Information(CSLI).