LATEX Command Summary

1 LATEX Command SummaryLloyd Botway and Chris BiemesderferSpace Telescope Science InstituteBaltimore, MD 21218 February 15, 2019 This listing contains short descriptions of thecontrol sequences that are likely to be handy forusers of LATEX layered on TEX Someof these commands are LATEX macros, while oth-ers belong to plain TEX; no attempt to differenti-ate them is made. We would appreciate hearingabout errors in the list.\ ordinary space after period.\! negative thin space = 16quad;xx\!xyieldsxxx(math mode).\"makes an umlaut, as o.\#prints a pound sign: #.\$prints a dollar sign: $.\%prints a percent sign: %.\&prints an ampersand: &.\ intabbingenvironment moves current columnto the right of the previous column. Elsewhere,acute accent, as o.\( start math mode.)

2 Same as\begin{math}or$.\) end math mode. Same as\end{math}or$.\*is a discretionary multiplication sign, at whicha line break is allowed.\+moves left margin to the right by one tab tabbed line.\, thin space =16quad;xx\,xyieldsxxx. Itis not restricted to math mode.\-intabbingenvironment, moves left margin tothe left by one tab stop. Elsewhere, optionalhyphenation.\.puts a dot accent over a letter, as o.\/inserts italics adjustment space.\: medium space =29quad;xx\:xyieldsxx x(math mode).\; thick space =518quad;xx\;xyieldsxx x(math mode).\<intabbingenvironment, puts text to left oflocal left margin.\=intabbingenvironment, sets a tab , makes a macron accent, as o.\>intabbingenvironment is a forward , medium space =29quad (mathmode).\@declares that the period that follows to be asentence-ending period.

3 \[ same as\begin{displaymath}or$$.\\terminates a line.\\*terminates a line, but disallows a pagebreak.\] same as\end{displaymath}or$$.\^makes a circumflex, as o.\_is an underscore, as inhoursworked.\ intabbingenvironment moves all text whichfollows (up to\\) to the right , grave accent , as `o.\{prints a curly left brace:{.\|is (math mode).\}prints a curly right brace:}.\~makes a tilde, as n.\a makes an acute accent intabbingenvironment, as o.\a makes a grave accent intabbingenvironment, as `o.\a=makes a macron accent intabbingenvironment, as o.\aais a.\AAis A.\acutemakes an acute accent: a(math mode).\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{nam e}addsthe Command \contentsline{section}{name}to \address{text}declares the return address intheletterdocument style.

4 \addtocontents{toc}{text}writestextto \addtocounter{name}{amount}addsamounttoc ountername.\addtolength{\nl}{length}adds lengthtolength Command \nl. See also\setlength,\newlength,\settowidth.\a eis .\AEis .\alephis (math mode).\alph{counter}printscounteras lower-caseletters.\Alph{counter}prints upper-caseletters.\alphais (math mode).\amalgisq(math mode).\andseparates multiple authors for the\maketitlecommand.\angleis6(math mode).2 LATEX Command Summary \appendixstarts appendices.\approxis (math mode).\arabic{counter}printscounteras arabicnumerals 1, 2, etc.\arccosis arccos (math mode).\arcsinis arcsin (math mode).\arctanis arctan (math mode).\argis arg (math mode).\arraycolsep width of the space betweencolumns in anarrayenvironment.\arrayrulewidth width of the rule created intabularorarrayenvironment by|,\hline,or\vline.

5 \arraystretch scale factor for interrowspacing inarrayandtabularenvironments.\astis (math mode).\asympis (math mode).\author{names}declares author(s) for the\maketitlecommand.\bis a bar-under accent, as o .\backslashis\(math mode).\barputs a macron over a letter: a(math mode).\baselineskip distance from bottom of oneline of a paragraph to bottom of the next line.\baselinestretch factor by which\baselineskipis multiplied each time a typesize changing Command is executed.\Bbbproduces blackboard-style letters, asB(math mode andamsmathsubstyle).\begin{environment} always paired with\end{environment}. Following are the assortedenvironments.\begin{abstract}sta rts an environment forproducing an abstract.\begin{array}{lrc}starts array environmentwith 3 columns, left-justified, right-justified,and centered.

6 Separate columns with &, andend lines with\\.@{text}betweenl,rorcarguments putstextbetween columns.\begin{center}starts an environment in whichevery line is centered. End lines with\\.\begin{description}starts a labeled list. Itemsare indicated by\item[label].\begin{displaymath}sets mathematics on linesof its own. Same as\[or$$.\begin{document}starts the actual text of adocument. Required.\begin{enumerate}starts a numbered list.\begin{eqnarray}starts adisplaymathenvironment in which more than one equationcan be accommodated. Separate equations with\\or\\*; use\nonumberto suppressnumbering a particular equation.\begin{eqnarray*}begins an environment liketheeqnarrayenvironment except that theequations aren t numbered.\begin{equation}starts adisplaymathenvironment and adds an equation number.]

7 \begin{figure}[pos]begins a floatingenvironment, which may be optionally placedatpos(seepositionson page 8). Documentstylesreportandarticleuse the defaulttbp.\begin{figure*}[pos]begins atwo-column-wide figure. See\begin{figure}.\begin{flushleft}start s environment withragged right-hand margin. Separate lines with\\. See\raggedright.\begin{flushright}starts environment withragged left-hand margin. Separate lines with\\. See\raggedleft.\begin{itemize}starts a bulleted ( ) each item with\item.\begin{list}{labeling}{spacing }starts ageneral list items are labeled when\itemhas an optional list ofspacing parameters.\begin{math}starts a math display like this:x2+y2, within text. Same as$.\begin{minipage}[pos]{vsize}starts a box ofheightvsize. Text will be positioned accordingtopos(seepositionson page 8).

8 \begin{picture}(x,y)(xl,yl) starts a pictureenvironment whose width isxunits, height isyunits, and lower-left corner is the point (xl,yl).Set units with\unitlength.\begin{quotation}starts an environment withwider margins, normal paragraph indenting,and offset from the text at top and bottom.\begin{quote}starts an environment with widermargins, no paragraph indenting, and offsetfrom the text at top and bottom.\begin{tabbing}starts a columnar commands\=(set tab),\>(tab),\<(backtab),\+(indent one tab stop),\-(outdent one tab stop),\ (flush right),\ (flush left),\pushtabs,\poptabs,\kill,\\.\begin {table}[pos]begins a floatingenvironment, which may be optionally placedFebruary 15, 20193atpos(seepositionson page 8). Documentstylesreportandarticleuse the defaulttbp.\begin{table*}[pos]begins a two-column-widetable.

9 See\begin{table}.\begin{tabular}{arg}sta rts an arrayenvironment which can be used in or out ofmath column textpositioning page 8).|produces vertical line between columns.*{7}{r|l|}repeats that entry 7 times.\begin{theorem} see\newtheorem.\begin{titlepage}is an environment with nopage number, and causes following page to benumbered 1 .\begin{verbatim}starts an environment whichwill be typeset exactly as you type it, carriagereturns and all, usually intypewriterfont.\begin{verse}starts an environment for poetrywith wider margins, no paragraph indenting,and ragged right margin.\betais (math mode).\bfswitches tobold facetype.\bibitem{ref} textcreates a bibliography entrytext, numbers it, and labels it with referencelabelref.\bibliography{file} insert bibliographyfrom this point in text.

10 \bibliographystyle{style} a formatspecifier, like\documentstyle.\bigcapis (math mode).\bigcircis (math mode).\bigcupis (math mode).\bigodotis (math mode).\bigoplusis (math mode).\bigotimesis (math mode).\bigtriangledownis5(math mode).\bigtriangleupis4(math mode).\bigskip standard big vertical skip.\bigskipamount default length for\bigskip.\bigsqcupis (math mode).\biguplusis (math mode).\bigveeis (math mode).\bigwedgeis (math mode).\bmodis binary modulo expressionumodm(math mode).\boldmathchanges math italics and mathsymbols to boldface. Should be usedoutsideofmath mode.\botis (math mode).\bottomfraction maximum fraction of pageoccupied by floats at the bottom.\ (math mode).\Boxis2(math mode).\brevemakes a breve accent: a(math mode).\bulletis (math mode).\cis a cedilla, as c.