LATEX Mathematical Symbols - Rice University

1 LATEX Mathematical SymbolsThe more unusual Symbols are not defined in base LATEX (NFSS) and require\usepackage{amssymb}1 Greek and Hebrew letters \alpha \kappa \psiz\digamma \Delta \Theta \beta \lambda \rho \varepsilon \Gamma \Upsilon \chi \mu \sigma \varkappa \Lambda \Xi \delta \nu \tau \varphi \Omega \epsilonoo \theta$\varpi \Phi \aleph \eta \omega \upsilon%\varrho \Pii\beth \gamma \phi \xi \varsigma \Psik\daleth \iota \pi \zeta \vartheta \Sigma \gimel2 LATEX math constructsabcxyz\frac{abc}{xyz}abc\overl ine{abc} abc\overrightarrow{abc}f f abc\underline{abc} abc\overleftarrow{abc} abc\sqrt{abc} abc\widehat{abc} abc\overbrace{abc}n abc\sqrt[n]{abc} abc\widetilde{abc}abc \underbrace{abc}3 Delimiters| |{\{b\lfloor// \Uparrowx\llcorner|\vert}\}c\rfloor\\bac kslash \uparrowy\lrcorner \| \langled\lceil[[ \Downarrowp\ulcorner \Vert \ranglee\rceil]] \downarrowq\urcornerUse the pair\lefts1and\rights2to match height of delimiterss1ands2to the height of their contents, ,\left|expr\right| \left\{expr\right\} \left\Vertexpr\ Variable-sized Symbols (displayed formulae show larger version) \sum \int \biguplus \bigoplus \bigvee \prod \oint \bigcap \bigotimes \bigwedge \coprod \iint \bigcup \bigodot \bigsqcup5 Standard Function NamesFunction names should appear in Roman, not Italic, ,Correct:\tan(at-n\pi) tan(at n )Incorrect:tan(at-n\pi) tan(at n )arccos\arccosarcsin\arcsinarctan\arctan arg\argcos\coscosh\coshcot\cotcoth\cothc sc\cscdeg\degdet\detdim\dimexp\expgcd\gc dhom\hominf\infker\kerlg\lglim\limlim inf\liminflim sup\limsupln\lnlog\logmax\maxmin\minPr\P rsec\secsin\sinsinh\sinhsup\suptan\tanta nh\tanh6 Binary Operation/Relation Symbols \ast \pm \capC\lhd?

2 \star \mp \cupB\rhd \cdotq\amalg]\uplus/\triangleleft \circ \odotu\sqcap.\triangleright \bullet \ominust\sqcupE\unlhd \bigcirc \oplus \wedgeD\unrhd \diamond \oslash \vee5\bigtriangledown \times \otimes \dagger4\bigtriangleup \divo\wr \ddagger\\setminus \centerdot \BoxZ\barwedgeY\veebar~\circledast \boxplusf\curlywedgeg\curlyvee}\circledc irc \boxminuse\Capd\Cup \circleddash \boxtimes \bot>\topu\dotplus \boxdot \intercali\rightthreetimes>\divideontime s \square[\doublebarwedgeh\leftthreetimes \equiv \leq \geq \perp =\cong \prec \succ|\mid6=\neq \preceq \succeq \parallel \sim \ll \ \bowtie'\simeq \subset \supseton\Join \approx \subseteq \supseteqn\ltimes \proptoa\dashv`\vdash_\frown|=\models \in3\ni/ \notinu\approxeq5\leqq=\geqq \lessgtr \thicksim6\leqslant>\geqslantQ\lesseqgtr v\backsim/\lessapprox'\gtrapproxS\lesseq qgtrw\backsimeq \lll \gggT\gtreqqless,\triangleql\lessdotm\gt rdotR\gtreqless$\circeq.\lesssim&\gtrsim \gtrlessl\bumpeq0\eqslantless1\eqslantgt r \backepsilonm\Bumpeq-\precsim%\succsimG\ between+\doteqdotw\precapproxv\succappro xt\pitchfork \thickapproxb\Subsetc\Supsetp\shortmid;\ fallingdotseqj\subseteqqk\supseteqqa\sma llfrown:\risingdotseq@\sqsubsetA\sqsupse t`\smallsmile \varpropto4\preccurlyeq<\succcurlyeq \Vdash \therefore2\curlyeqprec3\curlyeqsucc \vDash \becauseJ\blacktriangleleftI\blacktriang leright \VvdashP\eqcircE\trianglelefteqD\triangl erighteqq\shortparallel6=\neqC\vartriang leleftB\vartriangleright/\nshortparallel \ncong \nleq \ngeq*\nsubseteq-\nmid \nleqq \ngeqq+\nsupseteq \nparallel \nleqslant \ngeqslant"\nsubseteqq.

3 \nshortmid \nless \ngtr#\nsupseteqq/\nshortparallel \nprec \nsucc(\subsetneq \nsim \npreceq \nsucceq)\supsetneq3\nVDash \precnapprox \succnapprox$\subsetneqq2\nvDash \precnsim \succnsim%\supsetneqq0\nvdash \lnapprox \gnapprox \varsubsetneq6\ntriangleleft \lneq \gneq!\varsupsetneq5\ntrianglelefteq \lneqq \gneqq&\varsubsetneqq7\ntriangleright \lnsim \gnsim'\varsupsetneqq4\ntrianglerighteq \lvertneqq \gvertneqq7 Arrow Symbols \leftarrow \longleftarrow \uparrow \Leftarrow =\Longleftarrow \Uparrow \rightarrow \longrightarrow \downarrow \Rightarrow= \Longrightarrow \Downarrow \leftrightarrow \longleftrightarrowl\updownarrow \Leftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrowm\Updownarrow7 \mapsto7 \longmapsto \nearrow \hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow \searrow \leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup \swarrow \leftharpoondown \rightharpoondown \nwarrow \rightleftharpoons \leadsto99K\dashrightarrowL99\dashleftar row \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrowsW\Lleftarrow \twoheadleftarrow \leftarrowtail"\looparrowleft \leftrightharpoonsx\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \upharpoonleft \downharpoonleft(\multimap!)

4 \leftrightsquigarrow \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \twoheadrightarrow \rightarrowtail#\looparrowright \rightleftharpoonsy\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \upharpoonright \downharpoonright \rightsquigarrow8\nleftarrow9\nrightarro w:\nLeftarrow;\nRightarrow=\nleftrightar row<\nLeftrightarrow8 Miscellaneous Symbols \infty \forallk\Bbbk \wp \nabla \existsF\bigstar \angle \partial@\nexists \diagdown]\measuredangle \eth \emptyset \diagup^\sphericalangle \clubsuit \varnothing \Diamond{\complement \diamondsuit \imath`\FinvO\triangledown \heartsuit \jmatha\Game4\triangle \spadesuit`\ell~\hbarM\vartriangle \cdots \iiiint}\hslash \ \vdots \iiint \lozenge \ \ldots \iintf\mhoN\ \ddots]\sharp \primeH\blacktrinagledown=\Im[\flat \square8\backprime<\Re\\natural \surds\circledS9 Math mode accents a\acute{a} a\bar{a} A\Acute{\Acute{A}} A\Bar{\Bar{A}} a\breve{a} a\check{a} A\Breve{\Breve{A}} A\Check{\Check{A}} a\ddot{a} a\dot{a} A\Ddot{\Ddot{A}} A\Dot{\Dot{A}}`a\grave{a} a\hat{a}``A\Grave{\Grave{A}} A\Hat{\Hat{A}} a\tilde{a}~a\vec{a} A\Tilde{\Tilde{A}}~~A\Vec{\Vec{A}}10 Array environment, examplesSimplest version:\begin{array}{cols}row1\\row2\\.

5 Rowm\end{array}wherecolsincludes one character [lrc] for each column (with optional characters|inserted for vertical lines)androwjincludes character&a total of (n 1) times to separate thenelements in the row. Examples:\left( \begin{array}{cc} 2\tau & 7\phi-frac5{12} \\3\psi & \frac{\pi}8 \end{array} \right)\left( \begin{array}{c} x \\ y \end{array} \right)\mbox{~and~} \left[ \begin{array}{cc|r}3 & 4 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 729 \end{array} \right](2 7 5123 8)(xy)and[3 451 3729]f(z) = \left\{ \begin{array}{rcl}\overline{\overline{z^ 2}+\cos z} & \mbox{for}& |z|<3 \\ 0 & \mbox{for} & 3\leq|z|\leq5 \\\sin\overline{z} & \mbox{for} & |z|>5\end{array}\ (z) = z2+ coszfor|z|<30 for 3 |z| 5sinzfor|z|>511 Other Styles (math mode only)Caligraphic letters:$\mathcal{A}$etc.:ABCDEFGHIJ KLMN OPQRST UVWX YZMathbb letters:$\mathbb{A}$etc.:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO PQRSTUVWXYZM athfrak letters:$\mathfrak{A}$etc.:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3 Math Sans serif letters:$\mathsf{A}$etc.}

6 :A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 3 Math bold letters:$\mathbf{A}$etc.:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO PQRSTUV W XY Z abc 123 Math bold italic letters: define\def\mathbi#1{\textbf{\em #1}}then use$\mathbi{A}$etc.:A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c 1 2 312 Font sizesMath Mode: f 1(x xa)dx${\displaystyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$ f 1(x xa)dx${\textstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$ f 1(x xa)dx${\scriptstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$ f 1(x xa)dx${\scriptscriptstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$Text Mode:\tiny=smallest\scriptsize=very small\footnotesize=smaller\small=small\n ormalsize= normal\large=large\Large=Large\LARGE=LAR GE\huge=huge\Huge=Huge13 Text Mode: Accents and Symbols o\ {o} o\"{o} o\^{o}`o\ {o} o\~{o} o\={o}s.\d s o\.{o} o\u{o} o\H{o} oo\t{oo} o\c{o}o.\d{o} s\r so \b{o} A\AA a\aa \ss \i \j s\H s \o s\t s s\v s \O \P \S \ae \AE \dag \ddagc \copyright \pounds