Leading the world to 5G: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X ...

1 Leading the world to 5G:Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technologiesJune 20162 The connected vehicle is already a mainstream reality1 Combination of Strategy Analytics, Jan. 16 and LMC Automotive; 2 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. company data; 3 Includes SoC, Cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi , GNSS and PLC#1 in telematics2 Decades of industry experienceBroad portfolio of technologies340M+ ASICs shipped, serving 20+ OEMs globally3 Cellular penetration in new light vehicles sales by 2021160%Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. is a proven, trusted solution provider for automotive3 Our vision for the always-connected vehicle of the future A safer, more efficient, more enjoyable driving experience Safer towards zero road accidentsGreener reduce air pollution & emissionsMore predictable and productive travelIncreasinglyautonomousHighly intelligentHighly secureIncreasinglyelectric (or hybrid)

2 Always connected4 Requires new levels of connectivity and intelligenceHeterogeneous connectivityOn-device intelligenceVehicle-to-Everythingcommuni cationsConnectedinfotainmentWireless EVchargingReal-timenavigationBluetoothWi -Fi / HotspotCellular 3G/4G/5 GAlways-ontelematicsCAN / Ethernet / PowerlineIntuitiveinstrumentationImmersi vemultimediaAugmentedrealityAlways-onsen singComputer visionIntuitive securityMachine learning5 Delivering significant economic and societal impactTotal potential economic impact of over $1 Trillion USD per year1 Less greenhousegas emissionsMore predictable,productive travelFewer drivingfatalities/injuriespeople die each yearon the roads worldwide2> of fuels wasted due traffic congestion in the all global warming emissions from transportation414%1 Rocky Mountain Institute 2016; 2 Global Status Report on Road Safety, world Health Organization 2015; 3 Texas Transportation Institute Urban Mobility Report, 2015.

3 , Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 20146V2X is a critical component to our visionGiving vehicles the ability to communicate with each other and beyondVehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) collision avoidance safety systemsVehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) traffic signal timing/priorityVehicle-to-network (V2N) real-time traffic / routing, cloud servicesVehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) safety alerts to pedestrians, bicyclists7V2X is a key technology enabler to enhanced ADASB ringing significant value to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Improved active safetyProvides 360 non-line-of-sight awareness, intersections/on-ramps, environmental conditions Better traffic efficiencyAllows vehicles to safely drive closer to each other and enables optimization of overall traffic flowIncreased situational awarenessProvides ability to gather data from further ahead to deliver a more predictable driving experienceV2IV2NV2VV2 PLiDARR adarComputerVision8V2X enables a broad and growing set of use casesMuch more than collision avoidance Queue warningForward collision warningDo Not Pass Warning (DNPW)Blind intersectionCooperative adaptivecruise control & platooning Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

4 AlertsEmergency vehicle alert Discover parking and chargingTraffic signal priorityand optimal speed advisoryCurve speed warning9Wi-Fi based technology standardAdapted for latency-critical V2X communications in the GHz bandEstablished security and upper layer specificationsWith service layer / performance requirements defined by SDOs, SAE, ETSI-ITS1 Path to DSRC2rulemaking in USA by NHSTA3expected to start in 20164 Based on standard Large scale field trials completed over the last decadeCommercially available technology here has established the foundation for V2X1 Standard Development Organizations, Society for Automotive Engineers, European Telecommunications Standards Institute Intelligent Transport Systems; 2 Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC); 3 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

5 4To improve road safety for future light vehicles Qualcomm has conducted extensive research into various use cases for DSRC, including V2P applications that could extend the safety benefits to vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclistsQCA6584*2nd generation Qualcomm Technologies offering with integrated Wi-Fi LAN and Bluetooth10 Paving the path to more autonomous driving Requires continued V2X technology evolution Increasing safety requirements Active safety use cases need to account for faster moving vehicles and denser traffic conditionsExpandinguse casesNew situational awareness, traffic management, and connected cloud services Morevehicle dataFrom sharing simple statusdata today to a fully coordinated driving experience 11 Introducing Cellular V2X (C-V2X)

6 A unified connectivity platform for the connected vehicle of the futurePart of Release 14 of the global 3 GPP standardTarget C-V2X specification completion end of 20161 Builds upon existing LTE connectivity platform for automotiveLTE already delivering key services today, telematics, eCall, connected infotainmentEnhances LTE Direct for V2X direct communicationsImprovements over up to a few additional seconds of alert latency and 2x range2 Leverages existing LTE networks for V2X network communicationsUsing LTE Broadcast optimized for V2X to offer additional applications/servicesRich roadmap towards 5G with strong ecosystem supportTechnology evolution to address expanding capabilities/use cases 1 For Direct communications component (enhancements to LTE Direct) overall spec completion expected mid-2017.

7 2 Based on Qualcomm Research simulations (see future slides for further information) 12 Advanced MIMOC arrier aggregation Low LatencyDual connectivitySON+Massive/FD-MIMOCoMPDevic e-to-deviceUnlicensed spectrum Enhanced CAInternet of Things256 QAMC-V2 XFeICICFDD-TDD CAeLAAE nhanced BroadcastPart of rich roadmap of technologies Paving the path to 5 GNote: Estimated commercial dates. Not all features commercialized at the same timeLTE Advanced ProLTE Advanced20152020+Rel-10/11/125 GRel-15 and beyond Rel-13 and beyond 13 Example GHzV2X requires regionally harmonized ITS spectrumRecommend at least 70 MHz of spectrum to support technology / use case evolution1 Must prove it can co-exist with V2X technologiesto accommodate today s existing/emerging use cases ( and/or C-V2X)

8 30 MHzDedicated++20 MHzPrimaryfor future intelligent transportation use cases or technology migrationmay be shared with unlicensed spectrum access technologies120 MHzSharedExpanding and evolving the cellular system for V2X communicationsIntroduced in 3 GPP Release 14 part of LTE Advanced Pro15C-V2X defines two complementary transmission modesDirect communicationsBuilding upon LTE Direct device-to-device design with enhancements for high speeds / high Doppler, high density, improved synchronization and low latency Proximal direct communications (100s of meters) Operates both in-and out-of-coverage Latency-sensitive use cases, V2V safetyNetwork communicationsUsing LTE Broadcast to broadcast messages from a V2X server to vehicles and beyond.

9 Vehicles can send messages to server via unicast. Wide area networks communications Leverages existing LTE networks More latency tolerant use cases, V2N situational awarenessPC5 location, accident 1 kilometer ahead16 Network communications1(Via Uuinterface) Directcommunications(via PC5 interface)C-V2X designed for both in-coverage and out-of-coverage1C-V2X also supports a single MNO managed network for in-coverageDirect communications(via PC5 interface)Out-of-coverageIn-coverageComm on V2 VfrequencyCommon V2 VfrequencyOperator AV2N frequency 1 Operator BV2N frequency 2 Operator CV2N frequency 317 Evolving the LTE Direct device-to-device platformRelease 14 and beyondMulti-hop communicationand more use casesRelease 13 Expanded D2D discovery andD2D communicationsRelease 12D2D platform for consumer and public safety use casesMore flexible discovery such as restricted/private1and inter-frequencyDiscovery of 1000s of devices/services in ~500mDevice-to-networkrelays2 Reliable one-to-many communications (in-and out-of-coverage)2 Enhancements forvehicle-to-everything (V2X)

10 Additional D2D communication capabilities, multi-hop for IoT1 Important for Social Networking discovery use cases;2 Designed for Public Safety use cases18 LTE Direct device-to-device communicationsIntroduced in Release 12 for public safety use cases, push-to-talk* SA = Scheduling AssignmentsTransmit devices send SA to identify resources, as well as Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) for subsequent data transmission Receive devices monitor SA resource to determine when to listen for data transmission Centralized (Mode 1)eNodeBallocates control (SA*) and data resources to transmit devicesDistributed (Mode 2)Transmit device selects SA anddata resources from resourcepools.