Legend of Nobel Prizes - uploads-ssl.webflow.com

1 GYANM GENERAL AWARENESS DECEMBER 2021 3 Legend of Nobel Prizes Alfred Nobel , a famous scientist, inventor, businessman and founder of the Nobel Prizes was born on October 21, 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. He died in San Remo, Italy on December 10, 1896. In his last will and testament, he wrote that much of his fortune should be used to give Prizes to those who have done their best for humanity in the field of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace.

2 Not everybody was pleased with this. His will was opposed by his relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries. It took four years for his executors to convince all parties to follow Alfred's wishes. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901 in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) established the Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel . The Prizes are decided by the various Swedish Academies and announced every year in October and presented at Stockholm, Sweden on the Nobel s death anniversary December 10.

3 However, the Peace Prize is presented at Oslo, Norway as the same is decided by an expert committee of Parliament of Norway. The amount for one full Nobel Prize for 2021 is set at Swedish Kronor 10 million (Rs. cr). FIELD PRIZE DECIDED BY WINNER OF 2021 SELECTED WORK Physiology or Medicine The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute, Stockholm David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, both from USA For discovering how our bodies feel the warmth of the sun or the hug of a loved one, for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.

4 Physics The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Syukuro Manabe, USA & Klaus Hasselmann, Germany (50%) Giorgio Parisi, Italy (50%) For the physical modelling of Earth s climate, and reliably predicting global warming. For discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales. Chemistry The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Benjamin List, Germany and David Macmillan, USA For their work on the development of asymmetric organo-catalysis, a new and ingenious tool for molecule building . Literature The Swedish Academy Abdulrazak Gurnah (from Tanzania) Currently in UK For his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugees.

5 Peace The Norwegian Nobel Committee Filipino-American journalist Maria Ressa and Russian journalist Dmitry Muratov For their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace. Economics (Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences) The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences David Card (50%) Joshua D. Angrist & Guido W Imbens (50%) All three are from USA For his empirical contributions to labour economics. For their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships. INDIAN Nobel PRIZE WINNERS Rabindranath Tagore Literature in 1913 For his collection of poems Geetanjali.

6 Sir Raman Physics in 1930 For his Raman Effect related to light. Mother Teresa Peace in 1979 For her service to people suffering from Leprosy and to those dying in destitute, through her Charitable Mission Nirmal Hriday at Calcutta Dr. Subramanian Chandrashekar Physics in 1983 For his theory on white dwarf stars limitation known as Chandrasekhar Limit . Dr. Amartya Sen Economics in 1998 For his work in Economic Theory related to Poverty, Democracy, Development and Social Welfare. Kailash Satyarthi (Jointly with Malala Yousafzai) Peace Prize in 2014 For his work for the freedom of children working as labourer in various factories / units.

7 GYANM GENERAL AWARENESS DECEMBER 2021 4 GENERAL AWARENESS December 2021 Vol. 10, Issue 4 A PUBLICATION OF GYANM EDUCATION & TRAINING INSTITUTE PVT. LTD. SCO 13-14-15, 2ND FLOOR, SEC 34-A, CHANDIGARH Contents CURRENT AFFAIRS Sept. 2021 to Oct. 2021 03-48 BULLET NEWS May 2021 to August 2021 49-69 LATEST 100 GK MCQs 70-74 IBPS PO Prelims Model Test Paper 75-89 Current GK Bytes 90-110 FIGURES TO REMEMBER REPO RATE REVERSE REPO RATE MARGINAL STANDING FACILITY RATE BANK RATE STATUTORY LIQUIDITY RATIO CASH RESERVE RATIO BASE RATE(s) (of various banks) to India s RANK IN Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index 3rd Digital Quality of Life Index 59th Rule of Law Index 2021 79th The Henley Passport Index 90th Global Food Security (GFS)

8 Index 2021 71st Global Hunger Index 94th Global Peace Index (GPI) 135th Global Innovation Index 2021 46th Intellectual Property (IP) Index 2021 40th Economic Freedom Index 121st Scientific Articles Published 3rd The Global Climate Risk Index 2021 7th Democracy Index 2020 53rd The Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 2020 86th Ease of Doing Business 63rd Human Freedom Index 111st Human Development Index 131st Receiving Spam Calls 9th Global Hunger Index 2020 94th Teacher Status Index (GTSI) 6th Asia Power Index 2020 4th NATIONAL NEWS OCTOBER PM ATTENDS G-20 SUMMIT IN ROME AND COP-26 IN GLASGOW Prime Minister Narendra Modi made a five-day visit to Italy and the united Kingdom to attend the 16th G-20 Summit in Rome and the World Leaders Summit of COP-26 in Glasgow.

9 He attended the G-20 Summit in Rome on 30-31 October at the invitation of Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi. The summit focused on three broad, interconnected pillars of action: People, Planet and Prosperity. It focused on the areas of recovery from the pandemic and strengthening of global health governance, economic recovery and resilience, climate change and energy transition and sustainable development and food Security. From Rome, he went to Glasgow to attend the World Leader s Summit (Nov 1-2) of the 26th Conference of Parties (COP-26) to the united nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, held under the Presidency of the UK partnering with Italy, from Oct 31 to Nov 12.

10 It was attended by Heads of State of more than 120 countries. The G-20 is the international forum that brings together the world s major economies, comprising 19 countries and the European Union. Its leadership rotates on an annual basis among its members. Italy assumed the 2021 Presidency on the 1st December 2020. It has no permanent secretariat. DANISH PM ARRIVES IN INDIA ON A 3 DAY VISIT Prime Minister of Denmark Mette Frederiksen arrived in New Delhi on Oct 9 on a three-day visit to India. During the visit she discussed the entire gamut of bilateral relations and reviewed the progress in implementation of the Green Strategic Partnership.