Lesson 9. Reported Speech

1 Lesson 9. Reported SpeechLearning ObjectivesAfter this Lesson , students will be able to: Define what Reported Speech is and differentiate it from direct Speech . Identify different modifications that need to be done when transforming statements, questions and requests or commands to Reported Speech . Learn other forms of transformations which are exempted from the aforementioned types of sentences. Report statements, questions and request or commands using the proper structure learned in the Objectives2 Lesson 9. Reported SpeechDirect vsReported Speech3 Reported Speech is when you tell somebody else what you or a person said must be made between direct Speech and Reported Speech vsReported speechDirect speechReported speechShe says: "I like tuna fish.

2 "She says that she likes tuna said: "I'm visiting Paris next weekend"She said that she was visiting Paris the following types of sentencesWhen you use Reported Speech , you either report: statements questions requests / commands other typesLesson 9. Reported SpeechIn Reported Speech , you often have to change the pronoun depending on who says says, Mydad likes roast chicken. She says thatherdad likes roast Statements Pronouns 4 Different types of sentencesWhen transforming statements, check whether you have to change: pronouns tense place and time expression1. PronounsDirect SpeechIndirect SpeechLesson 9.

3 Reported Speech5 Lesson 9. Reported SpeechReporting Statements Tenses2. Tenses Ifthesentencestartsinthepresent,thereisn obackshiftoftensesinreportedspeech. Ifthesentencestartsinthepast, must change the tense if the introductory clause is in a past tense ( said).Direct SpeechReported Speech (no backshift) Iwritepoems. Hesaysthat hewritespoems.(backshift) Iwritepoems. Hesaidthat hewrotepoemsNo BackshiftDonotchangethetenseiftheintrodu ctoryclauseisinapresenttense( ).Note,however,thatyoumighthavetochanget heformofthepresenttenseverb(3rdpersonsin gular).6 Lesson 9. Reported SpeechExamples of the Main Changes in TenseDirect SpeechReported SpeechSimple PresentHe said: "Iamhappy"Simple PastHe said that hewashappyPresent ProgressiveHe said: "I'm lookingfor my keys"Past ProgressiveHe said that hewas lookingfor his keysSimple PastHe said: "IvisitedNew York last year"Past Perfect SimpleHe said that hehad visitedNew York the previous PerfectHe said: " I've livedhere for a long time "Past PerfectHe said that hehad livedthere for a long timePast PerfectHe said.

4 "Theyhad finishedthe work when Iarrived"Past PerfectHe said that theyhad finishedthe work when hehad arrived"7 Lesson 9. Reported SpeechExamples of the Main Changes in TenseDirect SpeechReported SpeechPast ProgressiveHe said: "Iwas playingfootball when the accidentoccurred"Past Perfect ProgressiveHe said thathe had been playingfootball when the accidenthad occurredPresent Perfect ProgressiveHe said:"Ihave been playingfootball for two hours."Past Perfect ProgressiveHe said thathe had been playingfootball for two hoursPast Perfect ProgressiveHe said: "Ihad been readinga newspaper when the lightwent off"Past Perfect ProgressiveHe said that hehad been readinga newspaper when the lighthad gone offFuture Simple (will+verb)He said: "Iwill openthe door.

5 "Conditional (would+verb)He said thathe would openthe (would+verb)He said: "Iwould buyMercedes if Iwererich"Conditional (would+verb)He said that hewould buyMercedes if hehad beenrich"Themodalverbscould,should,would ,might,needn't,oughtto, ,"Shemightberight." modal verbs may change:ccccc8 Lesson 9. Reported SpeechExamples of the Main Changes in TenseModalDirect speechReported speechcan"Icando it."He said hecoulddo "MayI go out?"He wanted to know if hemightgo "Shemustapply for the job."He said that shemust/had toapply for the 9. Reported SpeechReporting Statements Place, Demonstratives and Time Expressions3.

6 Place, demonstratives and time expressionsPlace,demonstrativesandtimeex pressionschangeifthecontextofthereported statement( ) ,youwillfindthedifferentchangesofplace; SpeechReportedSpeechTime ExpressionsPlaceDemonstrativesTime ExpressionsPlaceDemonstrativestodayheret histhat daytherethatnowthenyesterdaythe day days days beforelast weekthatthe week beforethosenext yearthe following yeartomorrowthe next/following dayExercise 1 Changethefollowingstatementsintoreported Speech :10 Lesson 9. Reported Speech1. Heworksinabank Wewentoutlastnight I mcoming! Iwaswaitingforthebuswhenhearrived I dneverbeentherebefore Ididn tgototheparty Lucy llcomelater Hehasn teatenbreakfast Icanhelpyoutomorrow Youshouldgotobedearly Idon tlikechocolate Iwon tseeyoutomorrow She slivinginParisforafewmonths Ivisitedmyparentsattheweekend ve(recently)heardfromthefollowingpeople: a woman in a romantic relationshipLesson 9.

7 Reported Speecha politiciana scientista weather forecastera superstara neighbor12 Lesson 6. ConditionalsReporting QuestionsWhen transforming questions, check whether you have to change: pronouns place and time expressions tenses (backshift)Also note that you have to: transform the question into an indirect question use the question word (where, when, what, how) orif/whetherTypes of questionsDirect speechReported speechWith question word (what, why, where, )"Why" don t you speak English? He asked me why I didn t speak question word (yes or no questions) Do you speak English?

8 He asked me whether / if I spoke 213 Lesson 6. ConditionalsChangethefollowingquestionsi ntoreportedspeech:1. Whereishe? Whatareyoudoing? Whydidyougooutlastnight? Whowasthatbeautifulwoman? Howisyourmother? Howisyourmother? Howisyourmother? WhatwereyoudoingwhenIsawyou? Howwasthejourney? Howoftendoyougotothecinema? DoyouliveinLondon? Didhearriveontime? HaveyoubeentoParis? Canyouhelpme? :a toddlerLesson 9. Reported Speecha stranger on a streetan elderlya colleague or schoolmatea customer service representativeanyone of the opposite gender15 Reporting Requests / CommandsWhen transforming requests and commands, check whether you have to change: pronouns place and time expressionsDirect speechReported Speech Nancy,do the exercise.

9 He told Nancy to do the exercise."Nancy, give me your pen, please."He asked Nancy to give him her are not relevant for requests simply useto/not to+ verb (infinitive without "to")Shesaid, Sitdown. Shesaid,"don'tbelazy" affirmative useto+ infinitive (without to)For negative requests, usenot to+ infinitive (without to). Lesson 9. Reported SpeechExercise 316 Changethefollowingrequestsorcommandsinto reportedspeech:1. Pleasehelpmecarrythis Pleasecomeearly Pleasebuysomemilk Couldyoupleaseopenthewindow? Couldyoubringthebooktonight? Canyouhelpmewithmyhomework,please? Wouldyoubringmeacupofcoffee,please?

10 Wouldyoumindpassingthesalt? Wouldyoumindlendingmeapencil? Tidyyourroom! Doyourhomework! Gotobed! Don tbelate! Don tsmoke! 9. Reported SpeechApplication17 Reportrequestorcommandsthatarecommonlygi venbythefollowingpeople:your fatherLesson 9. Reported Speechyour motheronline teachera bossa country presidenta pet owner18 Other transformations Expressions of advice withmust,shouldandoughtare usually Reported using advise / urge."You must read this book."He advised / urged me to read that book. Theexpressionlet ,therearetwopossibilitiesforreportedspee ch:gerundorstatementwithshould.