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LI I - ASCD

LI Tools for Learning AUDIO-VISUAL TEACHING AIDS ARE ESSENTIALI. I. I. KEITIH TYLER. A realistic view of child learning never have been possible had it not been makes it clear that now more than ever for the intensive use made of a variety a variety of teaching aids must be em- of learning aids in all the services. Mo- ployed if the education of children is to tion pictures, models, film-strips, record- be effective. With the present shortage inrgs, maps, charts, training machines, of teachers bringing many who are in- demonstrations, and field experience- adequately trained into classrooms and all played their part in supplementing with new and unfamiliar subjects added books and lectures. The streamlining of to the teaching load of others, it is im- education for war was made necessary perative that no false notions of econ- by the very size and importance of the omy should prevent any school from problem which the armed services faced.

Veno9 ae a 4euee (de aee nRODUCED under the sponsorship of leading edu- cators, ERPI Classroom Films are designed to serve the needs of modern education by effectively supplementing personal instruction - graphically

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1 LI Tools for Learning AUDIO-VISUAL TEACHING AIDS ARE ESSENTIALI. I. I. KEITIH TYLER. A realistic view of child learning never have been possible had it not been makes it clear that now more than ever for the intensive use made of a variety a variety of teaching aids must be em- of learning aids in all the services. Mo- ployed if the education of children is to tion pictures, models, film-strips, record- be effective. With the present shortage inrgs, maps, charts, training machines, of teachers bringing many who are in- demonstrations, and field experience- adequately trained into classrooms and all played their part in supplementing with new and unfamiliar subjects added books and lectures. The streamlining of to the teaching load of others, it is im- education for war was made necessary perative that no false notions of econ- by the very size and importance of the omy should prevent any school from problem which the armed services faced.

2 Supplying an abundance of mechanical The education of boys and girls for the aids to assist the over-burdened teacher. postwar world is no less crucial, yet The armed forces have faced the the overpowering inertia of conven- gigantic problem of training millions of tional teaching practices may prevent men quickly and effectively with a min- our schools from undertaking a similar imum of skilled technical assistance. modernization. Experience is apparently That this problem is being solved is not always a good teacher. attested by the superbly trained and With the variety of teaching aids now smoothly operating forces, mechanized available-sound and silent films, slides, to an unprecedented extent, which are engaging the enemy successfully on film-strips, radio programs, recordings, widespread fronts. This feat would maps, globes, charts, and models-it should be possible to enrich and facili- tate learning in almost every field.

3 Each Educational Leadership is inaugurating a of these aids has its peculiar contribu- plan which we believe will be a unique tion to make; the teacher ought to be service to readers and advertisers. Each month we will present a section devoted to familiar with them all. Outside of the one category of materials only, introduced school, picture magazines, maps in news- with an article by an educational specialist. The categories will be: Oct., Audio-visual papers and periodicals, radio programs, Aids; Nov., Recreational Reading; Dec., and motion pictures are being avidly Art, Science and Play Materials; Jan., Un- derstanding Ourselves; Feb., Understanding consumed by a public anxious to learn Our Times; March, Understanding World more about the world and its fast-mov- Cultures; April, School Furniture and Equipment; May, Reading for Teachers.

4 Ing events. Surely the school can do no less than supply equally helpful aids. October, 1943 55. What general criteria may be used in attention of their audiences, taught selecting such aids to learning? much about the greater educational use- First, of course, must be considered fulness of material with adequate attrac- the educational value of the material. tiveness and appeal. Only the confirmed What contribution will this film, or set academics who resist any attempts at of slides, or map, make to the educa- "popularization," would refuse to learn tional objectives which have been set up from them. for the group? Will this bring impor- i Funds for the purchase both of teach- tanf facts to the attention of the boys ing materials and of equipment for its and girls? Will it aid in the development use ought to come from regular appro- of specific skills?

5 Will it give insights priations of boards of education. Cer- into problems and relationships? Will it tainly a motion-picture projector is just develop greater understanding of demo- as "educational" as a textbook or a black- cratic ideals? Will it assist in sensitizing board. This principle ought to be estab- students to new problems? Is the mate- lished and fought for if the use of aids rial accurate and authentic? is to be general and accepted as a part Second, we may consider the compre- of schooling. Frequently, however, hensibility of the material. Is it pitched other sources have to be sought when on the proper grade level? Are processes such materials are first introduced. Con- developed slowly enough to be followed tributions from Parent-Teacher Associa- intelligently? Are relationships clear to tions, school funds from entertainments boys and girls of the intended group?

6 And athletics, even voluntary pupil con- Is the vocabulary suitable? Is it clearly tributions, have been utilized initially in and logically organized? developing the program. As a perma- Thirdly, we mav consider the inter- nent policy, however, this is clearly un- est and appeal which the material is democratic, for it penalizes the com- likely to have. Is the aid attractively munity with lower economic resources organized and presented? Does it make -the very place where these enriching contact with the existing background experiences are most needed. of the students so as to develop rapport? At present crucial war shortages pre- Is it related to students' needs, interests, vent the purchase of many kinds of and environment? equipment. Many teaching materials, While the first two general criteria, however, including films, recordings, educational value and comprehensibility.

7 Maps, slides, slide-films, and the like, are have long been recognized by the pro- still abundant and the war has actually ducers of teaching aids, the third cri- operated to increase the educational of- teria, appeal and interest, has too often ferings available in certain fields. Schools been neglected. Because children were with abundant equipment, therefore, are required to be in the school, little atten- in a splendid position to expand. But tion needed to be paid to their likes and schools not possessing projectors or re- dislikes. But the experience of the pro- cording playback machines should not ducers of such commercial media as consider the field closed to them during radio, motion pictures, and picture mag- the war. There are still many possibili- azines, who had to win the voluntary ties in the development of libraries of 56 Educational Leadership flat pictures, maps, posters, exhibits, and the like which are still available to schools from local resources.

8 The postwar period should see a tremendous development of the entire field of teaching aids. The impact upon SALUTE. the communities of the millions of men to EDUCATIONAL. and women from the armed services and LEADERSHIP. from war industries, themselves trained quickly and efficiently by these aids, will Co-operating with educational im- bring public pressure upon the school pulses and trends, The George F. for modernization. The productive Cram Company has kept apace with capacity and the technological advances each new development in Teaching brought about bv the war on the part Aids since 1867. of industries producing equipment Today, finds the products of this should result in lower prices and im- company embracing features which proved performance. School adminis- are exclusive in the realm of foster- trators should plan now for expansion of ing education--or embodying fea- tures of superiority which have made teaching aids to follow Victory.

9 Them preferred in the classrooms of so many schools and colleges. Among Next month Mildred Batchelder of these are: will introduce "Recreational Reading for Children and Young People." I-Large Scale State Maps 2-All Maps Hand-Mounted on Cloth 3-Markable-Washable Maps and Announcing Globes 4-Colored Outline Globes and a New Series of Six Wall Maps 5-Indexed History Maps vad AVIATION CLASSROOM Health Charts 6-Sun Ray and Season Indicator Globes FILMS 7-Physical, Political. Historical Outline Maps and Health Charts entitled 8-Air-Age, Project, Illuminated and regular Globes in all sizes BRAY-OTIS SERIES and mountings. Scripts by ARTHUR S. OTIS Accepted Co-Author: Pope-Otis Text Book Cram's Teaching Aids have won "ELEMENTS OF AERONAUTICS" acceptance in Curriculum Im- provements Programs, from Write for complete catalogue of schools all over the country.

10 Write for details on any subject or ask AVIATION CLASSROOMS FILMS for Catalog S. E. 148. Especially produced for the aviation courses now being given in the sec- ondary schools GEORGE F. CRAM CO., INC. 730 Eos. Whlington St. BRAY PICTURES CORPORATION INDIANAPOLIS 7,INDIANA. 729 Seventh Ave. New York 19, N. Y. October, 1943 57. Field Marshal's War Map Motion Pictures for Schools An "action map"--aUve with miniature In 16mm Sound, 16mm Silent and 8mm. flege. Students participate in moving the flag pin markers aacording to each day's Everything for classroom or auditorium. news. Write for our big catalogue and catalogue supplement today. IDEAL PICTURES CORPORATION. 28 E. 8th St., Chicago, Illinois (or any branch or affiliate). Films you'll Beautiful. full color, newr World Map. 43" x 283s", mounted on Your classes can enjoy choice heavy duty map-pin board, ready to hang on teaching filmsl Choose from a variety wall; with 80 colored flag markers of warring nations.


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