LimitState:GEO Manual VERSION 3.4

1 LimitState:GEO ManualVERSION LtdNovember 16, 2016 limitstate LtdThe Innovation Centre217 PortobelloSheffield S1 4 DPUnited KingdomT: +44 (0) 114 224 2240E: limitstate Ltd3 LimitState:GEO limitstate LtdAll rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form without the written permissionof limitstate every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, limitstate Ltd assumes noresponsibility for errors or omissions. limitstate Ltd will not be liable for any loss or damage of anykind, including, without limitation, indirect or consequential loss (including loss of profits) arising out ofthe use of or inability to use this document and/or accompanying software for any document is provided as a guide to the use of the software.

2 It is not a substitute for standardreferences or engineering knowledge. The user is assumed to be conversant with standardengineering terminology and codes of practice. It is the responsibility of the user to validate thesoftware for the applications for which it is to be limitstate Ltd4c limitstate LtdContentsI Introduction and Quickstart151 Description .. Features .. :GEO Terminology .. limitstate .. Help .. Requirements .. Limits .. Details .. Support .. 212 Getting and Licensing .. , Tags and File Search .. :GEO.. Available in this Manual .

3 253 Quick Start .. Started .. Modes and the Adequacy Factor .. a Problem .. Mechanism Deformation .. Stresses and Bending Moments .. In and Out .. , Rotate and 3D Views .. Different Problems and Parameter Sets .. The Property Editor .. Changing Material Properties .. Changing the Material Used in a Soil Layer (Solid Object) .. Changing the Material used in an Interface (Boundary Object) .. Modifying Loads .. Resizing a Block of Soil .. Changing a Boundary Condition .. Solving a Collapse Problem by Factoring Soil Strength.

4 Modelling Layered Soils .. Solution Accuracy .. Conclusion .. 4356 CONTENTS4 .. a New Project Wizard .. Project Settings .. Options .. 51II Theory535 Discontinuity Layout .. Analysis and Limit Equilibrium .. : How Does it Work? .. Principles .. Solution Procedure .. Failure Mechanisms .. 606 Model Models .. Material .. Material (Tension and/or Compression) .. Element .. Materials .. of Water Pressures .. of Water Pressures using DLO .. Tables .. Regimes.

5 Pressure Hierarchy .. Loading .. of Seismic Loading Using DLO .. of Water Pressures During Seismic Loading .. Reinforcement .. 777 Limit Analysis: Advantages and .. States in Yielding and Non-yielding Zones .. Surface .. Compatibility .. and Kinematic Constraints .. 82c limitstate LtdCONTENTS7 III Modelling858 Generic Definition and Solver .. Definition .. Specification .. Factor and Factors of Safety .. 1 - Factor of Safety on Load(s) .. 2 - Factor of Safety on Material Strength(s) .. 3 - Factor of Safety on Ratio of Forces.

6 Of the Adequacy Factor on Load .. Factor Sensitivity .. Factor Direction .. of Partial Factors .. of Actions (Loads) .. of Material Properties .. Accuracy .. Results .. Solid Areas .. Extent .. Mechanisms Dominated by Rotations .. Plane Strain Results to 3D .. Problems .. Insoluble Problems .. Giving Solutions That Appear Incorrect .. 1089 Example Problems11110 Slope Stability Principles of Slope Stability Limit Analysis .. Factor of Safety on Strength .. Slopes in Cohesionless Soils .. Slopes in Cohesive Soils.

7 Factor of Safety on Load .. Unusual Failure Surfaces for Slopes in Cohesive Soils .. 11611 Reinforced Introduction .. Soil Reinforcement with Specified Interface Materials .. Soil Reinforcement - Predefined Types .. Predefined types .. Soil Nail - general parameters .. Soil Nail (Rigid) .. Soil Nail (Flexible) .. Soil Nail (Can Yield) .. Sheet Pile Wall - general parameters .. 120c limitstate Sheet Pile Wall (Rigid) .. Sheet Pile Wall (Can Yield) .. Other .. Modelling soil nails .. Modelling flexible geosynthetic reinforcement.

8 General principles .. Geotextiles - Method 1 .. Geotextiles - Method 2 .. Geotextiles - Method 3 .. Anchor tendons .. Example 1 - Simple Reinforcement Pullout .. Example 2 - Simple Reinforcement Tensile Rupture .. Example 3 - Simple Reinforcement Lateral Displacement .. Example 4 - Simple Reinforcement Bending .. 12812 Seismic Modelling of Seismic Loading Using DLO .. Example 1 - Modelling a Simple Mechanics Problem .. Example 2 - Checking the Mononobe-Okabe Equation .. Example 3 - Correct use of Adequacy Direction .. 134IV User Guide13713 Introduction to the User Guide13914 The Graphical Introduction.

9 Title Bar .. Menu Bar .. Toolbars .. Material Explorer .. Water Regime Explorer .. Viewer Pane .. Property Editor .. Geometry Editor .. Output Pane .. Status Bar .. Vertex, Boundary and Solid Explorers .. Introduction .. Vertex Explorer .. Boundary Explorer .. Solid Explorer .. Calculator .. 15115 Specifying the Problem Terminology .. Setting the Units .. Starting with an Empty Project .. Project Details .. Draw Settings .. Starting with a DXF Imported Geometry .. 157c limitstate Permitted DXF Commands.

10 Tips for Modifying a DXF in an External CAD Package .. Permitted DXF Types .. Following DXF Import .. Export to DXF .. Construction Lines .. Horizontal Construction Lines .. Vertical Construction Lines .. Custom Construction Lines .. Drawing Functions .. Rectangle .. Polygon .. Line .. Vertex .. Selecting Objects .. Single Click Selection .. Rectangle Selection .. Multiple Selection .. Snapping to Other Objects .. Modifying the Geometry .. Using the Mouse .. Connecting Geometry Objects.