Transcription of List of mathematical symbols by subject - Basic Knowledge …
1 List of mathematical symbols by subjectThis list of mathematical symbols by subject shows a selection of the most common symbols that are used in modern mathematicalnotation within formulas, grouped by mathematical topic. As it is virtually impossible to list all the symbols ever used inmathematics, only those symbols which occur often in mathematics or mathematics education are included. Many of the charactersare standardized, for example in DIN 1302 General mathematical symbols or DIN EN ISO 80000-2 Quantities and units Part 2: mathematical signs for science and following list is largely limited to non-alphanumeric characters. It is divided by areas of mathematics and grouped within sub-regions.
2 Some symbols have a different meaning depending on the context and appear accordingly several times in the list. Furtherinformation on the symbols and their meaning can be found in the respective linked theoryDefinition symbolsSet constructionSet operationsSet relationsNumber setsCardinalityArithmeticArithmetic operatorsEquality signsComparisonDivisibilityIntervalsElem entary functionsComplex numbersMathematical constantsCalculusSequences and seriesFunctionsLimitsAsymptotic behaviourDifferential calculusIntegral calculusVector calculusTopologyFunctional analysisLinear algebra and geometryElementary geometryVectors and matricesVector calculusMatrix calculusVector spacesAlgebraContentsRelationsGroup theoryField theoryRing
3 TheoryCombinatoricsStochasticsProbabilit y theoryStatisticsLogicOperatorsQuantifier sDeduction symbolsSee alsoReferencesExternal linksThe following information is provided for each mathematical symbol:SymbolThe symbol as it is represented by LaTeX. If there are several typographic variants, only oneof the variants is exemplary use of the symbol in a formula. Letters here stand as a placeholder fornumbers, variables or complex expressions. Different possible applications are short textual description of the meaning of the formula in the previous Wikipedia article that discusses the meaning (semantics) of the LaTeX command that creates the icon.
4 Characters from the ASCII character set can beused directly, with a few exceptions (pound sign #, backslash \, braces {}, and percentsign %). High-and low-position is indicated via the characters ^ and _ and is not icon in HTML, if it is defined as a named mark. Non-named characters can be indicatedin the form can &#xnnnn by specifying the Unicode code point of the next column. High-andlow-position can be indicated via <sup> </sup> and <sub> </sub>.UnicodeThe code point of the corresponding Unicode character. Some characters are combining andrequire the entry of additional characters. For brackets, the code points of the opening andthe closing forms are theoryDefinition symbolsSymbolUsageInterpretationArticleL aTeXHTMLU nicode is defined by Definition\colonU+003A is defined as equal to is defined as equivalent to SymbolUsageInterpretationArticleLaTeXHTM LU nicodeEmpty setEmpty set\varnothing, \emptyset U+2205 Set consisting of the elements and so onSet(mathematics)\{ \}U+007B/DSet of elements , that satisfythe condition \midU+007C\colonU+003 ASymbolUsageInterpretationArticleLaTeXHT MLU nicodeUnion of the sets and Union (settheory)\cup U+222 AIntersection of the sets and Intersection(set theory)
5 \cap U+2229 Difference of sets and Difference(set theory)\setminusU+2216 Symmetric difference of sets andSymmetricdifference\triangle U+2206 Cartesian product of sets and Cartesianproduct\times U+2A2 FDisjoint union of sets and Disjoint union\dot\cupU+228 DDisjoint union of sets and \sqcupU+2294 Complement of the set Complement(set theory)\mathrm{C}U+2201\barU+0305 Power set of the set Power set\mathcal{P}U+1D4AB\mathfrak{P}U+1D513 \wpU+2118 This is the least upper bound,supremum, or join of all elementsoperated on. [1]Infimum andsupremum\bigveeU+22C1 Set constructionSet operationsSet relationsSymbolUsageInterpretationArticl eLaTeXHTMLU nicode is a proper subset of Subset\subset U+2282\subsetneqU+228A is a subset of \subseteq U+2286 is a proper superset of Superset\supset U+2283\supsetneqU+228B is a superset of \supseteq U+2287 Element is in the set Element (mathematics)\in U+2208\ni, \owns U+220 BElement is not in the set \notin U+2209\not\niU+220 CNote.
6 The symbols and are used inconsistently and often do not exclude the equality of the two numbersNatural number\mathbb{N}U+2115 IntegersInteger\mathbb{Z}U+2124 Rational numbersRational number\mathbb{Q}U+211 AAlgebraic numbersAlgebraic number\mathbb{A}U+1D538 Real numbersReal number\mathbb{R}U+211 DComplex numbersComplex number\mathbb{C}U+2102 QuaternionsQuaternion\mathbb{H}U+210 DSymbolUsageInterpretationArticleLaTeXHT MLU nicodeCardinality of the set Cardinality\vertU+007C\#U+0023 Cardinality of thecontinuumCardinality of thecontinuum\mathfrak{c}U+1D520, ,..Infinite cardinalsAleph number\alephU+2135, ,..Beth numbersBeth number\bethU+2136 Number setsCardinalityArithmeticArithmetic operatorsSymbolUsageInterpretationArticl eLaTeXHTMLU nicode added to Addition+U+002B subtracted from Subtraction-U+2212 multiplied by Multiplication\cdot U+22C5\times U+2A2F divided by Division(mathematics).
7 U+003A/ U+2215\div U+00F7\fracU+2044 Negative of the number or theadditive inverse of Unary minus- U+2212 Plus or minus Plus or minussign\pm U+00B1 Minus or plus \mpU+2213 Term is evaluated firstBracket( )U+0028/9[ ]U+005B/DSymbolUsageInterpretationArticl eLaTeXHTMLU nicode equals Equality (mathematics)=U+003D does not equal Inequality (mathematics)\neq U+2260 is identical to Identity (mathematics)\equiv U+2261 is approximatelyequal to Approximation\approx U+2248 is proportional to Proportionality(mathematics)\sim U+223C\propto U+221D corresponds to Correspondence(mathematics)\widehat{=}U+ 2259 SymbolUsageInterpretationArticleLaTeXHTM LU nicode is less than Comparison (mathematics)
8 <<U+003C is greater than >>U+003E is less than or equal to \le, \leq U+2264\leqqU+2266 is greater than or equal to \ge, \geq U+2265\geqqU+2267 is much smaller than \llU+226A is much bigger than \ggU+226 BEquality signsComparisonSymbolUsageInterpretation ArticleLaTeXHTMLU nicode divides Divisibility\midU+2223 does not divide \nmidU+2224 and are relatively primeRelatively prime\perp U+22A5 Greatest common divisor of and Greatest commondivisor\sqcapU+2293\wedgeU+2227 Least common multiple of and Least commonmultiple\sqcupU+2294\veeU+2228 and are congruentmodulo Modular arithmetic\equiv U+2261 SymbolUsageInterpretationArticleLaTeXHTM LU nicodeClosed interval between and Interval (mathematics)( )
9 [ ]U+0028/9 U+005B/DOpen interval between and Right-open interval between and Left-open interval between and SymbolUsageInterpretationArticleLaTeXHTM LU nicodeAbsolute value of Absolute value\vertU+007 CBiggest whole number lessthan or equal to Floor andceiling functions[ ]U+005B/D\lfloor\rfloor U+230A/BSmallest whole numbergreater than or equal to \lceil\rceil U+2308/9 Square root of Square root\sqrt U+221A-th root of nth root percentPercent\%U+0025 Note: the power function is not represented by its own icon, but by the positioning of the exponent as a functionsComplex numbersSymbolUsageInterpretationArticleL aTeXHTMLU nicodeReal part of complex number Complex number\ReU+211 CImaginary part of complex number \ImU+2111 Complex conjugate of Complex conjugate\barU+0305\ast U+002 AAbsolute value of complex number Absolute value\vertU+007 CRemark: real and imaginary parts of a complex number are often also denoted by and.
10 SymbolUsageInterpretationArticleLaTeXHTM LU nicodePi, or Archimedes'constantPi\pi{{pi}}U+03C0e or eEuler's constante(mathematics)e or\rm{e}{{mvar|e}} or{{math|e}}U+0065 Golden ratioGolden ratio\varphi U+03C6i or iImaginary unit (square rootof 1)Imaginary uniti or\rm{i}{{mvar|i}} or{{math|i}}U+0069 See also: mathematical constant for symbols of additional mathematical from to or over allelements in set Summation\sum U+2211 Product from to or over allelements in set Product(mathematics)\prod U+220 FCoproduct from to or over allelements in set Coproduct\coprodU+2210 Sequence of elements Sequence( )U+0028/9 Sequence tends to limit Limit of asequence\to U+2192 tends to infinityInfinity\infty U+221 EMathematical constantsCalculusSequences and seriesFunctionsSymbolUsageInterpretation ArticleLaTeXHTMLU nicodeFunction maps from set toset Function(mathematics)
