LOAD FLOW STUDY IN POWER SYSTEM

1 load FLOW STUDY IN POWER SYSTEM A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Bachelor of Technology In Electrical Engineering BY BHABANI SANKAR HOTA (107EE007) & AMIT KUMAR MALLICK (107EE016)

2 Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008 ,2011 load FLOW STUDY IN POWER SYSTEM A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Bachelor of Technology In Electrical Engineering BY BHABANI SANKAR HOTA (107EE007)

3 & AMIT KUMAR MALLICK (107EE016) Under the guidance of Prof. Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008 ,2011 National Institute of Technology Rourkela CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled.

4 load flows STUDY IN POWER SYSTEM submitted by Bhabani Sankar Hota and Amit Kumar Mallick in partial fulfilments for the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Electrical Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Rourkela is an authentic work carried out by them under my supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any other University / Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma. Date: Place: Rourkela Prof.

5 Deptt. of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude towards my supervisor, Prof. who has given me much suggestion, guidance and support. I would like to thank all the staff members of Department of Electrical Engineering for their extended cooperation and also take this opportunity to give thanks to all others who have given me support for the project or in other aspects of my STUDY at National Institute of Technology.

6 Bhabani Sankar Hota 107ee007 Amit Kumar Mallick 107ee016 Date: Place: Rourkela load FLOW STUDY IN POWER SYSTEM Abstract This paper presents a brief idea on load flow in POWER SYSTEM , bus classification ,improving stability of POWER SYSTEM ,flexible ac SYSTEM , various controllers of FACTs and advantages of using TCSC in series compensation .It presents the modeling scheme of TCSC and the advantages of using it in POWER flow network.

7 The plots obtained after simulation of network using matlab both with and without TCSC gives fair idea of advantages on use of reactive POWER compensators. CONTENTS ITEMS TITLE PAGE NO. 1 LIST OF FIGURES 4 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO load flows 6 Introduction 7 Objectives of load flow 8 Bus classification 9 CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION TO FACTS

8 10 Flexible AC transmission 11 FACTS SYSTEM -controller 12 SVC NGH-SSR damper Statcon(static condenser) Phase Angle Regulator Unified powercontrol Dynamic Brake VAR 13 CHAPTER III PRINCIPLES OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION Reactive POWER

9 15 Shunt compensation 16 Series compensation 17 various VAR generators 17 2| P a g e Advantages of TCR in FACT 19 Characteristics of TCR 19 Thyristor controlled Series Compensator 19 CHAPTER IV AC TRANSMISSION AND STABILITY CONCEPT 22 Understanding AC transmission

10 23 Stability concept 24 Swing equation 28 Comparision of solution methods 30 CHAPTER V NEWTON RAPHSON COMPUTER PROGRAM 32 CHAPTER VI THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES CAPACITOR MODELLING SCHEME 44 7 CONCLUSION 55 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 56 3| P a g e LIST OF FIGURES