Longman Communication 3000 - Compleat Lexical …

1 Longman Communication 3000 1. Longman Communication 3000 . The Longman Communication 3000 is a list of These frequency markers added to the the 3000 most frequent words in both spoken headwords in the dictionary give users access and written english , based on statistical to a wealth of information that can help the analysis of the 390 million words contained selection of the appropriate word or phrase in in the Longman Corpus Network a group of a variety of situations. Not only are the words corpuses or databases of authentic english and meanings given descriptive labels, for language. The Longman Communication 3000 example formal or informal, AmE (American represents the core of the english language and english ) or BrE (British english ), humorous, shows students of english which words are the old-fashioned, but now they have the added most important for them to learn and study information about relative frequency in spoken in order to communicate effectively in both and written language.

2 Speech and writing. Take for example the verb book (in the meaning Analysis of the Longman Corpus Network of book a table at a restaurant). It is marked shows that these 3000 most frequent words as S2 one of the top 2000 words of spoken in spoken and written english account for english . Note that is has no marker for written 86% of the language. This means that by english because according to corpus analysis, knowing this list of words, a learner of english it is not part of the top 3000 most frequent is in a position to understand 86% or more of words in written english . However, the entry what he or she reads. Of course, knowing also indicates that a synonym for book is reserve a word involves more than simply being able which is in the top 3000 most frequent words to recognise it and know a main meaning of in written english . The conclusion to be drawn it. Many of the most frequent words have from this is that in speaking (for instance when a range of different meanings, a variety of phoning a hotel or restaurant), book is the most different grammatical patterns, and numerous appropriate verb to use when asking for a room significant collocations.

3 Nonetheless, a basic or table to be kept for you. In writing, however, understanding of the Longman Communication it would be more appropriate to use reserve. 3000 is a very powerful tool and will help students develop good comprehension and There are two distinct modes of english : Communication skills in english . thoughtful, accurate and more formal, reflected mostly by written english ; and spontaneous, This [frequency] information is gold dust for real-time, less formal language, typified by the language learner. LDOCE shows in graphic spontaneous speech and some informal writing.'. and immediate form which words are really Professor Geoffrey Leech, worth learning and knowing how to use.' Emeritus Professor of english Language and Linguistics University of Lancaster Jeremy Harmer, ELT author Learning a language can be exciting, but To ensure that users have access to the also sometimes difficult and frustrating appropriate information, the Longman because there are so many things to learn Dictionary of Contemporary english marks all and it is difficult to know what to focus on.

4 The words that are in the Longman The frequency markers that identify the Communication 3000 in red accompanied by Longman Communication 3000 help students special symbols: W1 , W2 , and W3 for words that see clearly which words are frequent in written are in the top 1000, 2000 and 3000 most and spoken english , and enable them to focus frequent words in written english , and S1 , S2 more attention on mastering the meanings, and S3 for the top 1000, 2000 and 3000 most grammatical patterns and collocations of frequent words in spoken english . Nowadays, these words. many learner's dictionaries include information about the most frequent words in english , but Longman dictionaries are the only ones to highlight the differences between spoken and written frequency. 2 Longman Communication 3000 . Longman Communication 3000 . a indefinite article, adult n S2, W2 also adv S1, W1 appointment n S2, W2. determiner S1, W1 adult adj W3 alter v S3, W3 appreciate v S2, W3. abandon v W3 advance n S2, W2 alternative adj S2, W2 approach n S2, W1.

5 Ability n S2, W1 advance v W3 alternative n S2, W3 approach v S2, W2. able adj S1, W1 advanced adj W3 although conj S1, W1 appropriate adj S2, W1. about prep S1, W1 advantage n S2, W1 altogether adv S2, W3 approval n S2, W3. about adv S1, W1 advert n S3 always adv S1, W1 approve v S3, W2. above adv, prep S2, W1 advertise v S3, W3 amazing adj S2 approximate adj S3, W3. above adj W3 advertisement n S3 ambition n W3 architect n W3. abroad adv S2, W3 advertising n W3 ambulance n S3 architecture n S3, W3. absence n S3, W2 advice n S2, W2 among prep S2, W1 area n S1, W1. absolute adj S2, W3 advise v S2, W2 amount n S1, W1 argue v S2, W1. absolutely adv S1, W3 adviser n S3, W3 an indefinite article, argument n S1, W1. absorb v W3 affair n S2, W1 determiner S1, W1 arise v S3, W2. abuse n S2, W3 affect v S2, W1 analyse v W3 arm n S1, W1. academic adj W2 afford v S1, W3 analysis n S3, W1 armed adj S3, W3. accept v S1, W1 afraid adj S1, W2 analyst n W2 army n S1, W1. acceptable adj S3, W3 after prep, conj, adv S1, W1 ancient adj W2 around adv, prep S1, W1.

6 Access n S2, W1 afternoon n S1, W2 and conj S1, W1 arrange v S2, W2. accident n S2, W2 afterwards adv S2, W3 anger n W3 arrangement n S2, W2. accommodation n S2, W2 again adv S1, W1 angle n S3, W3 arrest v W3. accompany v W2 against prep S1, W1 angry adj S3, W3 arrival n W3. according to prep S2, W1 age n S1, W1 animal n S1, W1 arrive v S2, W1. account n S1, W1 aged adj W3 announce v S2, W1 art n S1, W1. account v S3, W2 agency n S3, W1 announcement n S3, W3 article n S2, W1. accurate adj S2, W3 agent n S3, W2 annoy v S3 artificial adj S3. accuse v W3 aggressive adj S3 annual adj S2, W2 artist n S3, W2. achieve v S2, W1 ago adv S1, W1 another determiner, pron as conj S1, W1. achievement n S3, W2 agree v S1, W1 S1, W1 as prep, adv S1, W1. acid n W3 agreement n S2, W1 answer n S1, W1 ashamed adj S3. acknowledge v S3, W3 agriculture n W2 answer v S1, W2 aside adv S3, W3. acquire v W2 ahead adv S1, W2 anticipate v S3 ask v S1, W1. across adv, prep S1, W1 aid n S2, W2 anxiety n S3, W3 asleep adj S2.

7 Act n S1, W1 aim n S2, W2 anxious adj S3, W3 aspect n S2, W1. act v S2, W1 aim v S2, W2 any determiner, pron S1, assess v S2, W2. action n S1, W1 air n S1, W1 W1 assessment n S3, W2. active adj S2, W2 aircraft n S2, W2 any adv S2 assignment n S2. activist n S3 airline n S2, W3 anybody pron S1, W3 assist v S3, W3. activity n S2, W1 airport n S3, W3 anyhow adv S3 assistance n S3, W2. actor n W3 alarm n S2 anyone pron S1, W1 assistant n S3. actual adj S1, W2 album n S3, W3 anything pron S1, W1 associate v S3, W2. actually adv S1, W1 alcohol n W3 anyway adv S1, W2 association n S3, W1. ad n S3, W3 alive adj S2, W3 anywhere adv S1, W3 assume v S2, W1. adapt v W3 all determiner, apart adv, adj S2, W1 assumption n S2, W2. add v S1, W1 predeterminer, pron apartment n S2, W3 assure v S2, W3. addition n S3, W1 S1, W1 apologize v S2 at prep S1, W1. additional adj S3, W2 all adv S1, W1 apology n S3 atmosphere n S3, W2. address n S2, W2 allow v S1, W1 apparent adj W2 attach v S2, W2. address v S2, W2 allowance n S2, W3 apparently adv S1, W2 attack n S2, W2.

8 Adequate adj S3, W3 all right adj, adv, appeal n S2, W1 attack v S3, W2. adjust v W3 interjection S1, W2 appeal v S3, W3 attempt n S2, W1. administration n S2, W2 almost adv S1, W1 appear v S2, W1 attempt v S2, W2. administrative adj W3 alone adj, adv S2, W1 appearance n W2 attend v S2, W2. admire v S3 along adv S1, W1 apple n S2, W3 attention n S2, W1. admission n W3 along prep S1, W1 application n S1, W1 attitude n S2, W1. admit v S2, W1 alongside adv, prep W3 apply v S1, W1 attorney n S2, W3. adopt v S3, W2 already adv S1, W1 appoint v S2, W2 attract v S2, W2. S1 = one of the 1000 most frequent words in Spoken english ; W1 = one of the 1000 most frequent words in Written english S2 = one of the 2000 most frequent words in Spoken english ; W2 = one of the 2000 most frequent words in Written english S3 = one of the 3000 most frequent words in Spoken english ; W3 = one of the 3000 most frequent words in Written english Longman Communication 3000 3. attraction n W3 beat n S3 block v S3 buddy n S3.

9 Attractive adj S2, W2 beautiful adj S1, W2 bloke n S2 budget n S1, W2. audience n S2, W2 beauty n S3, W2 blonde adj S3 bug n S3. aunt n S3, W3 because conj S1, W1 blood n S2, W1 build v S1, W1. author n W2 because prep S1, W1 blow v S2, W3 builder n S3. authority n W1 become v S1, W1 blow n S3, W3 building n S1, W1. automatic adj S3 bed n S1, W1 blue adj S1, W2 bump v S3. automatically adv S3, W3 bedroom n S1, W2 board n S1, W1 bunch n S2. autumn n W3 beef n S3 boat n S1, W2 burn v S2, W3. available adj S1, W1 beer n S2, W3 body n S1, W1 burn n S3. average adj S2, W2 before adv S1, W1 boil v S3 burst v W3. average n S2 before conj S1, W1 boiler n S3 bury v W3. avoid v S2, W1 before prep S1, W1 boiling adj S3 bus n S1, W2. awake adj S3 beforehand adv S3 bomb n S3, W3 business n S1, W1. award n S3, W2 begin v S1, W1 bone n S2, W2 busy adj S1, W2. award v W3 beginning n S1, W2 bonus n S2 but conj S1, W1. aware adj S1, W1 behalf n S3, W3 book n S1, W1 but prep S2, W3. awareness n W3 behave v S3, W3 book v S2 but adv S2, W3.

10 Away adv S1, W1 behaviour n S2, W1 boom n S3 butcher n S3. awful adj S1 behind prep, adv S1, W1 boot n S2, W3 butter n S2. awkward adj S3 being n S2, W3 border n S3, W2 button n S2. belief n S3, W2 bored adj S3 buy v S1, W1. baby n S1, W1 believe v S1, W1 boring adj S2 buyer n S3, W3. back adv S1, W1 bell n S2, W3 born v S1, W2 by adv S1, W1. back n S1, W1 belong v S2, W2 borrow v S2, W3 by prep S1, W1. back v S2, W3 below adv, prep S2, W2 boss n S2, W3 bye interjection S1. back adj S2, W3 belt n S2, W3 both determiner, bye n S3. background n S2, W2 bench n S2, W3 predeterminer, pron backwards adv S3 bend v S3, W3 S1, W1 cabinet n S2, W2. bacon n S3 beneath adv, prep W2 bother v S1, W3 cable n W3. bad adj S1, W1 benefit n S2, W1 bottle n S1, W2 cake n S2, W3. badly adv S3, W3 benefit v S2, W3 bottom adj S1, W3 calculate v S2, W3. bag n S1, W2 beside prep S3, W2 bottom n S1, W3 calculation n S2. bake v S3 best adj S1, W1 bounce v S3 calculator n S3. balance n S2, W2 best adv S1, W2 bound adj S2, W3 calendar n S3.