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Longman Communication 3000 - lextutor.ca

1 Longman Communication 3000 Longman Communication 3000 The Longman Communication 3000 is a list of the 3000 most frequent words in both spoken and written English, based on statistical analysis of the 390 million words contained in the Longman Corpus Network a group of corpuses or databases of authentic English language. The Longman Communication 3000 represents the core of the English language and shows students of English which words are the most important for them to learn and study in order to communicate effectively in both speech and of the Longman Corpus Network shows that these 3000 most frequent words in spoken and written English account for 86% of the language.

Communication 3000 in red accompanied by special symbols: W1, W2, and W3 for words that are in the top 1000, 2000 and 3000 most frequent words in written English, and S1, S2 and S3 for the top 1000, 2000 and 3000 most frequent words in spoken English. Nowadays, many learner’s dictionaries include information

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Transcription of Longman Communication 3000 - lextutor.ca

1 1 Longman Communication 3000 Longman Communication 3000 The Longman Communication 3000 is a list of the 3000 most frequent words in both spoken and written English, based on statistical analysis of the 390 million words contained in the Longman Corpus Network a group of corpuses or databases of authentic English language. The Longman Communication 3000 represents the core of the English language and shows students of English which words are the most important for them to learn and study in order to communicate effectively in both speech and of the Longman Corpus Network shows that these 3000 most frequent words in spoken and written English account for 86% of the language.

2 This means that by knowing this list of words, a learner of English is in a position to understand 86% or more of what he or she reads. Of course, knowing a word involves more than simply being able to recognise it and know a main meaning of it. Many of the most frequent words have a range of different meanings, a variety of different grammatical patterns, and numerous significant collocations. Nonetheless, a basic understanding of the Longman Communication 3000 is a very powerful tool and will help students develop good comprehension and Communication skills in English. This [frequency] information is gold dust for the language learner.

3 LDOCE shows in graphic and immediate form which words are really worth learning and knowing how to use. Jeremy Harmer, ELT authorTo ensure that users have access to the appropriate information, the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English marks all the words that are in the Longman Communication 3000 in red accompanied by special symbols: W1, W2, and W3 for words that are in the top 1000 , 2000 and 3000 most frequent words in written English, and S1, S2 and S3 for the top 1000 , 2000 and 3000 most frequent words in spoken English. Nowadays, many learner s dictionaries include information about the most frequent words in English, but Longman dictionaries are the only ones to highlight the differences between spoken and written frequency markers added to the headwords in the dictionary give users access to a wealth of information that can help the selection of the appropriate word or phrase in a variety of situations.

4 Not only are the words and meanings given descriptive labels, for example formal or informal, AmE (American English) or BrE (British English), humorous, old-fashioned, but now they have the added information about relative frequency in spoken and written for example the verb book (in the meaning of book a table at a restaurant). It is marked as S2 one of the top 2000 words of spoken English. Note that is has no marker for written English because according to corpus analysis, it is not part of the top 3000 most frequent words in written English. However, the entry also indicates that a synonym for book is reserve which is in the top 3000 most frequent words in written English.

5 The conclusion to be drawn from this is that in speaking (for instance when phoning a hotel or restaurant), book is the most appropriate verb to use when asking for a room or table to be kept for you. In writing, however, it would be more appropriate to use reserve. There are two distinct modes of English: thoughtful, accurate and more formal, reflected mostly by written English; and spontaneous, real-time, less formal language, typified by spontaneous speech and some informal writing. Professor Geoffrey Leech, Emeritus Professor of English Language and Linguistics University of LancasterLearning a language can be exciting, but also sometimes difficult and frustrating because there are so many things to learn and it is difficult to know what to focus on.

6 The frequency markers that identify the Longman Communication 3000 help students see clearly which words are frequent in written and spoken English, and enable them to focus more attention on mastering the meanings, grammatical patterns and collocations of these indefinite article, determiner S1, W1abandon v W3ability n S2, W1able adj S1, W1about prep S1, W1about adv S1, W1above adv, prep S2, W1above adj W3abroad adv S2, W3absence n S3, W2absolute adj S2, W3absolutely adv S1, W3absorb v W3abuse n S2, W3academic adj W2accept v S1, W1acceptable adj S3, W3access n S2, W1accident n S2, W2accommodation n S2, W2accompany v W2according to prep S2, W1account n S1, W1account v S3, W2accurate adj S2, W3accuse v W3achieve v S2, W1achievement n S3, W2acid n W3acknowledge v S3, W3acquire v W2across adv, prep S1, W1act n S1, W1act v S2, W1action n S1, W1active adj S2, W2activist n S3activity n S2, W1actor n W3actual adj S1, W2actually adv S1, W1ad n S3, W3adapt v W3add v S1, W1addition n S3, W1additional adj S3, W2address n S2, W2address v S2, W2adequate adj S3, W3adjust v W3administration n S2, W2administrative adj W3admire v S3admission n W3admit v S2, W1adopt v S3, W2adult n S2, W2adult adj W3advance n S2.

7 W2advance v W3advanced adj W3advantage n S2, W1advert n S3advertise v S3, W3advertisement n S3advertising n W3advice n S2, W2advise v S2, W2adviser n S3, W3affair n S2, W1affect v S2, W1afford v S1, W3afraid adj S1, W2after prep, conj, adv S1, W1afternoon n S1, W2afterwards adv S2, W3again adv S1, W1against prep S1, W1age n S1, W1aged adj W3agency n S3, W1agent n S3, W2aggressive adj S3ago adv S1, W1agree v S1, W1agreement n S2, W1agriculture n W2ahead adv S1, W2aid n S2, W2aim n S2, W2aim v S2, W2air n S1, W1aircraft n S2, W2airline n S2, W3airport n S3, W3alarm n S2album n S3, W3alcohol n W3alive adj S2, W3all determiner, predeterminer, pron S1, W1all adv S1, W1allow v S1, W1allowance n S2, W3all right adj, adv, interjection S1, W2almost adv S1, W1alone adj, adv S2, W1along adv S1, W1along prep S1, W1alongside adv, prep W3already adv S1, W1also adv S1, W1alter v S3, W3alternative adj S2, W2alternative n S2, W3although conj S1, W1altogether adv S2, W3always adv S1, W1amazing adj S2ambition n W3ambulance n S3among prep S2, W1amount n S1, W1an indefinite article, determiner S1, W1analyse v W3analysis n S3, W1analyst n W2ancient adj W2and conj S1, W1anger n W3angle n S3, W3angry adj S3, W3animal n S1, W1announce v S2, W1announcement n S3.

8 W3annoy v S3annual adj S2, W2another determiner, pron S1, W1answer n S1, W1answer v S1, W2anticipate v S3anxiety n S3, W3anxious adj S3, W3any determiner, pron S1, W1any adv S2anybody pron S1, W3anyhow adv S3anyone pron S1, W1anything pron S1, W1anyway adv S1, W2anywhere adv S1, W3apart adv, adj S2, W1apartment n S2, W3apologize v S2apology n S3apparent adj W2apparently adv S1, W2appeal n S2, W1appeal v S3, W3appear v S2, W1appearance n W2apple n S2, W3application n S1, W1apply v S1, W1appoint v S2, W2appointment n S2, W2appreciate v S2, W3approach n S2, W1approach v S2, W2appropriate adj S2, W1approval n S2, W3approve v S3, W2approximate adj S3, W3architect n W3architecture n S3, W3area n S1, W1argue v S2, W1argument n S1, W1arise v S3, W2arm n S1, W1armed adj S3, W3army n S1, W1around adv, prep S1, W1arrange v S2, W2arrangement n S2, W2arrest v W3arrival n W3arrive v S2, W1art n S1, W1article n S2, W1artificial adj S3artist n S3, W2as conj S1, W1as prep, adv S1, W1ashamed adj S3aside adv S3, W3ask v S1, W1asleep adj S2aspect n S2, W1assess v S2, W2assessment n S3, W2assignment n S2assist v S3, W3assistance n S3, W2assistant n S3associate v S3, W2association n S3, W1assume v S2, W1assumption n S2, W2assure v S2, W3at prep S1, W1atmosphere n S3.

9 W2attach v S2, W2attack n S2, W2attack v S3, W2attempt n S2, W1attempt v S2, W2attend v S2, W2attention n S2, W1attitude n S2, W1attorney n S2, W3attract v S2, W22 Longman Communication 3000S1 = one of the 1000 most frequent words in Spoken English; W1 = one of the 1000 most frequent words in Written EnglishS2 = one of the 2000 most frequent words in Spoken English; W2 = one of the 2000 most frequent words in Written EnglishS3 = one of the 3000 most frequent words in Spoken English; W3 = one of the 3000 most frequent words in Written EnglishLongman Communication 3000attraction n W3attractive adj S2, W2audience n S2, W2aunt n S3, W3author n W2authority n W1automatic adj S3automatically adv S3, W3autumn n W3available adj S1, W1average adj S2, W2average n S2avoid v S2, W1awake adj S3award n S3, W2award v W3aware adj S1, W1awareness n W3away adv S1, W1awful adj S1awkward adj S3baby n S1, W1back adv S1, W1back n S1, W1back v S2, W3back adj S2, W3background n S2, W2backwards adv S3bacon n S3bad adj S1, W1badly adv S3, W3bag n S1, W2bake v S3balance n S2, W2balance v S3ball n S1, W2ban n W3band n S2.

10 W2bang v S3bang n S3bank n S1, W1bar n S1, W1barrier n W3base v S1, W1base n S2, W2baseball n S3, W2basic adj S2, W1basically adv S1basis n S2, W1basket n S3bat n S3bath n S2, W3bathroom n S2, W3battery n S2battle n W2be auxiliary S1, W1be v S1, W1beach n S2, W2bean n S2bear v S2, W2beard n S3beat v S2, W2beat n S3beautiful adj S1, W2beauty n S3, W2because conj S1, W1because prep S1, W1become v S1, W1bed n S1, W1bedroom n S1, W2beef n S3beer n S2, W3before adv S1, W1before conj S1, W1before prep S1, W1beforehand adv S3begin v S1, W1beginning n S1, W2behalf n S3, W3behave v S3, W3behaviour n S2, W1behind prep, adv S1, W1being n S2, W3belief n S3, W2believe v S1, W1bell n S2, W3belong v S2, W2below adv, prep S2, W2belt n S2, W3bench n S2, W3bend v S3, W3beneath adv, prep W2benefit n S2, W1benefit v S2, W3beside prep S3, W2best adj S1, W1best adv S1, W2bet v S1bet n S3better adj S1, W1better adv S1, W1between adv, prep S1, W1beyond prep, adv S2, W1bicycle n W3bid n W3big adj S1, W1bike n S2bill n S1, W1bin n S2bird n S2, W2birth n S2, W2birthday n S1, W3biscuit n S2bit adv, pron S


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