Low Impact Development Stormwater Controls and …

1 | scientists | innovators Low Impact Development Stormwater Controls and Changing State and Federal RegulationsSteven Roy, LEED APGeosyntec Consultants, Inc. Acton, | scientists | innovators Presentation Objectives Understanding of the new regulatory drivers for innovative Stormwater management including Infiltration and groundwater recharge Energy Independence and Security Act Section 438 requirements, and Executive Order 13514 Discuss examples of Low Impact Development (LID) Stormwater implementation including techniques such as porous pavers, porous asphalt, bioretention, raingardens, and dry | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators Impervious Surfaces Generate Stormwater | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators Low Impact Development (LID)An ecosystem-based approach to land Development and Stormwater managementMimic pre- Development site hydrologyLow Impact Development | scientists | innovators Conventional vs.

2 LID Approach to Stormwater Conventional Collect Convey Discharge LID Approach Reduce volume Minimize impacts Distributed Controls Treatment trains Infiltration Hybrid systems Mimic the predevelopment | scientists | innovators What are the Drivers for Innovative Stormwater and Ground Water Recharge? Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA)- Federal Facilities LEED/Green Design State Stormwater Regulations NewMunicipal Separate Stormwater System (MS4) Stormwater | scientists | innovators New Terminology for Stormwater in Permits and Regulations Mimic Pre- Development Hydrology Retain onsite Maximize Infiltration Groundwater Recharge | scientists | innovators EISA Section 438 Text of Section 438: Storm water runoff requirements for federal Development projects. The sponsor of any Development or redevelopment project involving a Federal facility with a footprint that exceeds 5,000 square feetshall use site planning, design, construction, and maintenance strategies for the property to maintain or restore, to the maximum extent technically feasible,the predevelopment hydrology of the property with regard to the temperature, rate, volume, and duration of flow.

3 | scientists | innovators Maximum Extent Technically Feasible (METF) Stormwater control practices that are effective in reducing the volume of Stormwater discharge must be used. The Federal facility must use all known, available and reasonable methodsof Stormwater retention and/or reuse to prevent the off site discharge of Stormwater runoff consistent with the performance standard. In cases when a facility seeks or claims an exception, it is expected that there will be a serious and documented attempt to comply. | scientists | innovators Performance Options Option 1 : control 95th Percentile Rainfall Event Manage rainfall onsite Infiltrate, Evapotranspirate, Harvest and Infiltrate, and Reuse Runoff Note: The 95th percentile rainfall event is the event whose precipitation total is greater than or equal to 95 percent of all 24-hour storms on an annual basis. | scientists | innovators 95% Storm EventCity 95th Percentile Event Rainfall Total (in) City 95th Percentile Event Rainfall Total (in) Atlanta, GA City, MO , MD , TN , MA , KY , NY , MN , VT York, NY , WV Lake City, UT D Alene, ID , AZ 1 Cincinnati, OH , OR 1 Columbus, OH , WA , NH , DC , CO | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators Worst case cost52,272 sq ft @ $15/sq ft = $784,080 Plus site demo, design, permits= ~$ | scientists | innovators Performance Options Option 2: Preserve predevelopment hydrology (rate, volume, duration & temperature) Conduct hydrologic and hydraulic analyses Quantify post-construction hydrographs for the following storm sizes: 1, 2, 10 and 100 year 24 hour storm events Maintain pre- Development hydrographs for these storm events | scientists | innovators Performance OptionsWhat if Options 1 and 2 are not technically feasible?

4 Conduct site evaluation and assessment If site conditions or other factors preclude achievement of Options 1 or 2, , neither is technically feasible Agency/Department follows a process to employ onsite practices to the METF Agency/Department documents Stormwater design based on METF and other factors | scientists | innovators Complying with EISA Executive Order 13514, Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance, Oct 5, 2009: Required EPA to Issue | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators DOD - EISA Implementation | scientists | innovators New Proposed Federal and State Stormwater Regulations EPA Proposed new SW Rulemaking Effective Nov 2012 New stormwatercontrols for newly developed and redeveloped sites Recently completed listening sessions EPA sent out an ICR (Information Collection Rule) to developers, MS4 permit holders, and states Likely to require retrofits to existing sites New North Coastal Watersheds MS4 Permit - Massachusetts 84 Communities and several state/federal and transportation agencies Requires compliance with new MA SW Management Standards for post construction stormwatercontrol Requires as-built plans for all new Development to demonstrate compliance Requires elimination of local barriers to green infrastructure Requires GW recharge and infiltration where feasible first 1 Inch Requires an assessment of street design & parking lot guidelines and other requirements that create impervious | scientists | innovators LID BMP Performance Metrics (Ventura and Orange County, CA) Retain (infiltrate, harvest and use, or evapotranspire) or biotreat the runoff volume from the 85th percentile, 24-hour storm event ( design capture volume )

5 On-site to the Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP) | scientists | innovators Effective Impervious Area Metric (Ventura County, CA) Projects must reduce Effective Impervious Areato less than 5% of the total project area Impervious surface are rendered ineffective if water quality design storm runoff volume is fully retained onsite 85thpercentile, 24-hour event 80 percent capture volume inch storm event Any remaining surface discharges must be | scientists | innovators Draft District of Columbia MS4 Permit Integrate green technology Stormwater management practices at the site and neighborhood level through policies, regulations, ordinances and incentive programs Mimic pre- Development site hydrology through use of on-site Stormwater retention measures ( , harvesting and using, infiltration and ET) | scientists | innovators Draft DC MS4 Permit Performance standards: On-site retention of in. (non-federal) or in.

6 (federal) from a 24-hour storm with a 72-hour antecedent dry period Retention of the predevelopment runoff volume of Stormwater from a 24-hour storm with a 72-hour antecedent dry period Maintenance of predevelopment hydrographs (volume, rate and duration) for the 1-, 2-, 10-and 100-year 24-hour storm events. Modeled predevelopment condition must be | scientists | innovators MA Stormwater Standards the annual recharge from the post- Development site shall approximate the annual recharge from pre- Development conditions based on soil type. capture of at least the 1 inch (90th percentile)storm event. The term capture includes practices that infiltrate, evapotranspire, and/or harvest and reuse rainwater. This means that 100 percent of the volume of water from events less than or equal to the 90th percentile event shall not be discharged. | scientists | innovators Pennsylvania Stormwater BMP Manual Volume control At least the first one inch ( ) of runoff from new impervious surfaces shall be permanently removed from the runoff flow it shall not be released into the surface Waters of this Commonwealth.

7 Removal options include reuse, evaporation, transpiration, and infiltration. Wherever possible, infiltration facilities should be designed to accommodate infiltration of the entire permanently removed runoff; however, in all cases at least the first one-half inch ( ) of the permanently removed runoff should be infiltrated. | scientists | innovators EPA Class V/ Stormwater Memo-2008 Infiltration Trenches Commercially Manufactured Stormwater Infiltration Devices Drywells, Seepage Pits, | scientists | innovators Dry Wells and UIC Class VStates require registration Is it happening?Leaching catch basins in roadways- State and Local DOT s? | scientists | innovators Sustainable Stormwater Management Low Impact Development StormwaterDesigns Green roofs Trees and tree boxes Raingardens/bioretention/infiltration planters Vegetated swales Pocket wetlands Permeable pavements Reforestation/revegetation Site planning- protection of riparian buffers/floodplains Rainwater harvesting/reuse (where allowed) | scientists | innovators Tree Box Filters/Roof Top | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators LID Design FeaturePlanter Box Bioretention Cell Treat roof top drainage Reduce storm water volume Decrease peak discharge Provide high levels of pollutant | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators Porous | scientists | innovators LID Design FeaturePorous Pavers Surface with "holes" which can be filled with vegetation or aggregate depending upon the need.

8 Porous pavers provide the same advantages as traditional concrete pavers, including resistance to heavy loads, flexibility of repair, low maintenance, exceptional durability, and high quality. Use infiltration to reduce Stormwater runoff that leaves parking lots Increase Stormwater storage Reduce thermal loading on surface waters Reduce pollutants reaching surface waters | scientists | innovators US Navy Monterey Post Graduate Naval AcademyInstalled 30,000 Square Feet of Permeable Pavers Photo Credit: BelgardPaversLID | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators Drivable Grass | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators FlexiPave recycled rubber tires and | scientists | innovators Porous | scientists | innovators Porous | scientists | innovators Bioretention | scientists | innovators LID Design FeaturesBioretention Cell Provide water quality treatment.

9 Remove suspended solids, metals, nutrients Increase groundwater recharge through infiltration Reduce peak discharge rates Reduce total runoff volume Improve site | scientists | innovators 100 ft Bioretention Cell in Parking | scientists | innovators | scientists | innovators Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design -LEED and Stormwater Management Green Building- GSA Has a Zero Environmental Footprint Goal Green Infrastructure- Promoting LID and Pre- Development | scientists | innovators Summary the New Stormwater Federal Requirements for Green Design and EISA Section 438 are mandating stormwaterinfiltration- Guidance Most requirements require capture and onsite infiltration of between + inches of runoff from impervious surfaces New stormwaterregulatory terminology Mimic the pre- Development hydrology Retain onsite Infiltrate stormwaterto the maximum extent practicable (MEP) Federal Facilities -Maximum Extent Technically Feasible (METF) UIC Class V Well registration may be required-Compliance?

10 | scientists | innovators Questions?