路面電車からLRTシステムに向けた 広島電鉄の取り …

1 1885 28 1932 7 67 87 1,500km 1910 43 1912 11 23 1912 11 23 Aug., 2009 LRT LRT LRT 1960 1970 LRT LRT Initiatives by Hiroshima Electric Railway toward Upgrading its Tram to a LRT SystemYoshiaki YOKOTA As motorization in Japan advanced rapidly due to the high economic growth of the 1960s, an excessive dependence on automobiles led to a variety of urban problems including economic losses from traffic congestion, hollowing out of urban centers, and environmental problems.

2 Because automobiles were allowed to drive on the tram tracks, the trams suffered a noticeable loss in functionality due to traffic obstacles and lost riders to other means of transportation. As a result, many municipalities decided to abolish tram transportation. Meanwhile, the tram was rediscovered in Europe and North America during the late 1970s in the form of LRT whose higher standard offers benefits from various points of view including urban revitalization and reducing the environmental footprint. A series of tram systems were then introduced or reinstated. This paper reviews the initiatives of Hiroshima Electric Railway to keep its tram system alive through such measures as reinstating the prohibition against vehicles driving on the tram tracks and upgrading the tram system to LRT. General Manager, Hiroshima Electric Railway Co.

3 , Ltd. 2009 171 1966 41 5,372 1968 43 656 4,625 1971 46 4,213 1973 43 4,467 1982 57 3,790 1994 6 4,565 2007 19 3,970 JR JR 115 1945 20 15km 1948 23 12 18 LRT 1960 172 Fig.

4 1 .. 46 11 12 Fig. 2 21 30 1963 38 1968 43 656 1971 46 12 1972 47 10 1983 58 10

5 1995 7 7 1km 30 1974 49 2008 20 12 PTP S Public Transportation Priority Systems Aug., 2009 LRT 173 PTPS Fig. 3 Fig. 4 1980 60 1985 65 1974 49 =250mm 300mm 2000 12

6 174 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 65 Fig. 7 1970 Fig. 8 11 30 1m 1958 33 300mm 1962 37 LRT 1992 4 Bretten 30 LRT LRT 1978 53 LRT 2005 87 LRT 2000 12 5 17 1997 9

7 1999 11 2005 17 LRT Aug., 2009 LRT 175 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 1997 9 1999 11 5000 153 12 330mm 12 2001 13 LRT 1,067mm 1,435mm 5100 10 5000 (1) 5000 830mm 5100 880mm 1,120mm (2) 5000 10 (3)

8 5000 5100 176 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 2001 11 1 250mm 300mm 2003 15 JR JR JR JR 54 JR 54 370 2006 18

9 2007 19 2002 14 2003 15 50m Aug., 2009 LRT 177 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 30 C C C IC IC PASPY JR 2008 20 1 26 2008 20 2009 21 2009 21 2010 22 PASPY JR ICOCA ATM IC 2007 19 2008 2008 20 12

10 UTMS PTPS LRT 1960 JR 1990 1996 8 1997 9 1970 LRT 2000 12 178 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 2002 14 2004 16 12 2005 17 LRT Aug.