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<1117> MICROBIOLOGICAL BEST LABORATORY …

Accessed from by nEwp0rt1 on Sat Dec 03 00:38:05 EST 2011. USP 35 General Information / 1117 MICROBIOLOGICAL best LABORATORY Practices 707. analysis is used to facilitate decision-making for requalifi- cation of a controlled environment or for maintenance 1117 MICROBIOLOGICAL best . and sanitization schedules. LABORATORY PRACTICES. REFERENCES. Agalloco J, Akers J. Risk analysis for aseptic processing: The Akers-Agalloco method. Pharm Technol. 2005; 29(11):74 88. INTRODUCTION. Agalloco J, Akers J. The simplified Akers-Agalloco method for aseptic processing risk analysis. Pharm Technol. 2006; Good LABORATORY practices in a microbiology LABORATORY 31(7)60 72. consist of activities that depend on several principles: aseptic Akers, J. The proper role of environmental monitoring in technique, control of media , control of test strains, opera- aseptic processing.

708 〈1117〉 Microbiological Best Laboratory Practices / General Information USP 35 glassware or from prior materials used in the glassware. Be Media should be labeled properly with batch or lot num-

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Transcription of <1117> MICROBIOLOGICAL BEST LABORATORY …

1 Accessed from by nEwp0rt1 on Sat Dec 03 00:38:05 EST 2011. USP 35 General Information / 1117 MICROBIOLOGICAL best LABORATORY Practices 707. analysis is used to facilitate decision-making for requalifi- cation of a controlled environment or for maintenance 1117 MICROBIOLOGICAL best . and sanitization schedules. LABORATORY PRACTICES. REFERENCES. Agalloco J, Akers J. Risk analysis for aseptic processing: The Akers-Agalloco method. Pharm Technol. 2005; 29(11):74 88. INTRODUCTION. Agalloco J, Akers J. The simplified Akers-Agalloco method for aseptic processing risk analysis. Pharm Technol. 2006; Good LABORATORY practices in a microbiology LABORATORY 31(7)60 72. consist of activities that depend on several principles: aseptic Akers, J. The proper role of environmental monitoring in technique, control of media , control of test strains, opera- aseptic processing.

2 Am Pharm Rev. 2006; 9(4):24 28. tion and control of equipment, diligent recording and evalu- CDC, Healthcare Infection Control Advisory Committee. ation of data, and training of the LABORATORY staff. Because of Guidelines for environmental control in healthcare facilities. the inherent risk of variability in microbiology data, reliabil- MMWR 2003; 52(No. RR-10):1 42. ity and reproducibility are dependent on the use of ac- Favero MS, Puleo JR, Marshall JH, Oxborrow GS. Microbi- cepted methods and adherence to good LABORATORY ological sampling of surfaces. J Appl Bacteriol. 1968; practices. 31:336 346. Hussong D, Madsen R. Analysis of environmental microbi- ology data from clean room samples. Pharm Technol. 2004; media PREPARATION AND QUALITY. Aseptic Processing Suppl:10 15. CONTROL. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 14644-1, Clean rooms and associated environments, part 1: classification of air cleanliness.

3 Geneva: ISO; 1999. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). media Preparation 14644-2, Clean rooms and associated environments, part 2: specifications for testing and monitoring to prove continued Culture media are the basis for most MICROBIOLOGICAL tests. compliance with 14644 part 1. Geneva: ISO; 2000. Safeguarding the quality of the media is therefore critical to Jensen PA, Todd WF, Davis GN, Scarpino PV. Evaluation of the success of the microbiology LABORATORY . media prepara- eight bioaerosol samplers challenged with aerosol of free tion, proper storage, and quality control testing can ensure bacteria. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1992; 53:660 667. a consistent supply of high-quality media . Ljungqvist B. Active sampling of airborne viable particu- It is important to choose the correct media or compo- late in controlled environments: a comparative study of nents in making media based on the use of accepted common instruments.

4 Eur J Parenter Sci. 1998; 3:59 62. sources or references for formulas. The manufacturer's Ljungqvist B, Reinm uller B. Interaction between air move- formula and instructions for preparation routinely accom- ments and the dispersion of contaminants: clean zones with pany dehydrated media and ready-made media . Because unidirectional air flow. J Parenter Sci Technol. 1993; different media types may have different preparation re- 47(2):60 69. quirements ( , heating, additives, and pH adjustment), it Ljungqvist B, Reinm uller B. Airborne viable particles and is important to follow these instructions to ensure prepara- total number of airborne particles: comparative studies of tion of acceptable media quality. A certificate of analysis active air sampling. PDA J Sci Technol. 2000; 54:112 116. describing expiration dating and recommended storage Maruyama M, Matsuoka T, Deguchi M, Akers J.

5 The appli- conditions accompanies ready-made media , as well as the cation of robotics to aseptic surface monitoring. Pharm quality control organisms used in growth-promotion and se- Technol. 2007; 32(7):40 44. lectivity testing of that media . Process simulation testing for sterile bulk pharmaceutical Water is the universal diluent for MICROBIOLOGICAL media . chemicals. PDA Technical Report No. 28. J Parenter Sci Purified Water is most often used for media preparation, but Technol. 1998; 52 S3. in certain cases the use of deionized or distilled water may Reinm uller B. Dispersion and risk assessment of airborne be appropriate. Water of lesser quality should not be used contaminants in pharmaceutical cleanrooms. Building Serv for MICROBIOLOGICAL media preparation. The volume of the Eng Bull (Sweden). 2001; Bulletin No. 56. water used should be recorded.

6 Stewart SL, Grinshpun SA, Willeke K, Terzieva S, Ulevicius Consistent preparation of media requires accurate weigh- V, Donnelly J. Effect of impact stress on microbial recovery ing of dehydrated media or media constituents. A calibrated on an agar surface. Appl Environ Micro. 1995; balance with the appropriate weight range for the ingredi- 61:1232 1239. ents should be used (See Weighing on an Analytical Balance Whyte W. Reduction of microbial dispersion by clothing. 1251 ). Clean weighing containers and tools (such as J Parenter Sci Technol. 1985; 39(1):51 60. USP35 spatulas) should be used to prevent foreign substances from entering the formulation. The weight of the compo- nents should be recorded. Dehydrated media should be thoroughly dissolved in water before dispensing and sterilization. If heating is neces- sary to help dissolve the media , care should be taken not to overheat media , because all culture media , to a greater or lesser extent, are heat-sensitive.

7 Equipment used in the preparation of media should be appropriate to allow for controlled heating, constant agitation, and mixing of the media . Darkening of media (Maillard-type reaction or nonenzymatic browning) is a general indication of overheat- ing. When adding required supplements to media , adequate mixing of the medium after adding the supplement should be performed. Preparation of media in poorly cleaned glassware can al- low inhibitory substances to enter the media . Inhibitory sub- stances can come from detergent residue after cleaning Official from May 1, 2012. Copyright (c) 2011 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. All rights reserved. Accessed from by nEwp0rt1 on Sat Dec 03 00:38:05 EST 2011. 708 1117 MICROBIOLOGICAL best LABORATORY Practices / General Information USP 35. glassware or from prior materials used in the glassware. Be media should be labeled properly with batch or lot num- sure that the cleaning process removes debris and foreign bers, preparation and expiration dates, and media identifica- matter, and that the detergent is thoroughly rinsed out with tion.

8 media should be stored according to the manufactur- Purified Water. See Cleaning Glass Apparatus 1051 for addi- er's instructions. media prepared in house should be stored tional guidance. under validated conditions. Do not store agar at or below Sterilization of media should be performed within the pa- 0 , as freezing could damage the gel structure. Protect rameters provided by the manufacturer or validated by the stored media from exposure to light and excessive tempera- user. Commercially prepared media should provide docu- ture. Before prolonged storage, agar plates should be placed mentation of the sterilization method used. Autoclaving by into a sealed package or container to retard moisture loss. moist heat is the preferred sterilization technique, except in Remelting of an original container of solid media should instances when boiling is required in order to avoid deterio- be performed only once to avoid media whose quality is ration of heat-labile components of the media .

9 Sterilization compromised by overheating or potential contamination. It by filtration may also be appropriate for some formulations. is recommended that remelting be performed in a heated The effects of the sterilization method and conditions on water bath or by using free-flowing steam. The use of mi- the media should be validated by sterility and growth-pro- crowave ovens and heating plates is common, but care motion testing of the media . In addition, if sterilized by should be taken to avoid damaging media by overheating moist heat, the autoclave cycle should be validated to en- and to avoid the potential injury to LABORATORY personnel sure proper heat distribution for selected loads and volumes. from glass breakage and burns. The molten agar medium Typically, manufacturers recommend using an autoclave cy- should be held in a monitored water bath at a temperature cle of 121 for 15 minutes using a validated autoclave.

10 Of 45 to 50 for not more than 8 hours. Caution should be These conditions apply to time at temperature of the media . taken when pouring the media from a container immersed As container size and the load configuration of the auto- in a water bath to prevent water from the bath commin- clave will influence the rate of heating, longer cycles may be gling with the poured sterile media . Wiping the exterior of required for larger loads. However, the sterilization time will the container dry before pouring may be advisable. be dependent on the media volume and autoclave load. Disposal of used cultured media (as well as expired me- Sterilization cycles in which the autoclave is slow to come dia) should follow local biological hazard safety procedures. up to temperature may result in overheating of the media . Therefore, care must be taken to validate a sterilization cy- cle, balancing the need for sterile media against the ten- Quality Control Testing dency of the media to degrade under excessive heating.


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