Example: marketing

MANAGEMENT OF ROOT KNOT NEMATODE …

, (3)2011:519-523 ISSN2229 6441519 MANAGEMENT OF root KNOT NEMATODEMELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITABY USING OIL CAKE, BIOAGENT, TRAPCROP, CHEMICALS AND THEIRCOMBINATION1 Raveendra, H. R.,2R. Krishna Murthy and3 Mahesh Kumar, of Plant Pathology, College of Forestry, Ponnampet-571216. Karnataka2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Farm, Mandya-571 405, of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, UAS (B), , Bangalore-560 065 ABSTRACTT obacco (Nicotianatabacum L.) is one of the most important commercial crops of tropical countries and it is beingcultivated in most of the countries. Tobacco is susceptible to several diseases caused by fungi, viruses, Bacteria, rootparasites and nematodes, which affectthe yield and quality of tobacco both in nursery as well as field.

i.j.s.n., vol. 2(3) 2011: 519 - 523 issn 2229 – 6441 519 management of root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita by using oil …

Tags:

  Root, Nematode, Knots, Incognita, Root knot nematode, Root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne

Information

Domain:

Source:

Link to this page:

Please notify us if you found a problem with this document:

Other abuse

Transcription of MANAGEMENT OF ROOT KNOT NEMATODE …

1 , (3)2011:519-523 ISSN2229 6441519 MANAGEMENT OF root KNOT NEMATODEMELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITABY USING OIL CAKE, BIOAGENT, TRAPCROP, CHEMICALS AND THEIRCOMBINATION1 Raveendra, H. R.,2R. Krishna Murthy and3 Mahesh Kumar, of Plant Pathology, College of Forestry, Ponnampet-571216. Karnataka2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Farm, Mandya-571 405, of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, UAS (B), , Bangalore-560 065 ABSTRACTT obacco (Nicotianatabacum L.) is one of the most important commercial crops of tropical countries and it is beingcultivated in most of the countries. Tobacco is susceptible to several diseases caused by fungi, viruses, Bacteria, rootparasites and nematodes, which affectthe yield and quality of tobacco both in nursery as well as field.

2 This experiment wasconducted to test the efficacy of organic amendment (neem), bio-control agent (Trichiderma viride), trap crop (Tagetespatula) and chemicals (carbofuran and phorate) asindividual treatments and in combinations on the growth of tobaccoplants and on the development and multiplication of root -knot nematodeM. individual treatments, themaximum shoot height, shoot weight, number of leaves ( cm, , respectively) were recorded in T4carbofuran treatment where as minimum shoot height, shoot weight and number of leaves ( cm, g, ) were recorded in T3 marigold treatment. Further, maximum root length and rtoot weight( cm, g)were recorded in T4 carbofuran treatment where as minimum was recorded ( cm, g) in T3 marigold treatmentrespectively.

3 The bio-control agent,TrichodermaviridaeT2 significantly increased the plant growth with respect to plantheight; ( cm) shoot weight ( g), number of leaves ( ) root length and root weight ( cm and g)of tobacco plant infested with theM. incognita . From the present study, it may be concluded that the improved plantgrowth is obtained in combination treatments than in individual treatments, which might be due to the additive andinteractive effect of the treatment on tobacco :Tobacco, neem, root knot NEMATODE , carbofuran, (Nicotianatabacum L.) is one of the mostimportant commercial crops of tropical countries and it isbeing cultivated in most of the countries of the world likeChina, USA, Turkey, Sweden and New Zealand.

4 It is saidto have been introduced in to India during production in the world shows that soil andclimate are very important factors which determine thesuitability of a region for commercial cultivation oftobacco crop. In general tobacco grows best on sandyloam soils and slightly finer sub soilshaving ample ofdrainage, good aeration and high moisture holdingcapacity. As for climate, a frost free growing seasons of100 to 120 days with a mean temperature of about well distributed rainfall from to cm per monthare ideal requirements for tobacco crop. The relativehumidity varies from 70-80 per cent in the morning to 50-60 per cent at is rich source of several phytochemicalsviz,nicotine, nicotinic acid, solanesol amide, organic acids(mallic, oxalic and citric) leaf protein concentrate (LPC),Pentosans and non edible oil.

5 Nicotine sulphate is used asinsecticide and also for pharmaceutical is susceptible to several diseases caused by fungi,viruses, bacteria, root parasites and nematodes, whichaffect the yield and quality of tobacco both in nursery aswell as field. More than 15 species of plant parasiticnematodes from 11 genera found to be associated withtobacco. Among this major damage is caused by root knotnematodeMeloidogyne incognitafollowed by stuntnematodeTylenchorhynchus root knot nematodeis very common, destructive and widely distributed and itis causing threat for economic production on some of thecrops. It has been reported to cause crop loss in tobaccoranging from 15 to 60 per control of root knot NEMATODE in tobacco crop is ofutmost importance for economic production.

6 Severalmethods like physical, chemical, biological, breeding forresistance use of organic amendments and integratedmanagement have been made to combat the root knotnematodes. But the present method of control by the use ofchemicals is also found to have limitations due to highercost, non availability, environmental pollution and adverseeffect on beneficial micro flora and fauna ofthe soil. Thissituation emphasizes on limited use of chemicals forchecking the root knot NEMATODE . Hence, there is a need todevelop on eco friendly, economical and alternativemethod for effective MANAGEMENT of root knot nematodedisease in AND METHODSThis experiment was conducted to test the efficacy oforganic amendment (neem), bio-control agent(Trichiderma viride), trap crop (Tagetes patula) andchemicals (carbofuran and phorate) as individualtreatments and in combinations on the growth of tobaccoplants and on the development and multiplication of root -knot nematodeM.

7 Seeds of tobacco cultivarManagement ofMeloidogyne incognitaby using oil cake, bioagent, trapcrop, chemicals and their combination520 KST 19 were sown in earthen pans filled with sterilizedsoil; simultaneously antagonistic trap crop marigold wasraised separately in seed pan containing sterilized days old tobacco seedlings were transplanted singlyin earthen pots. Four marigoldTagetes patulaseedlingswere planted around the tobacco plant. The organic cake(neem), bio-control agent (Trichiderma viride), chemicals(carbofuran and phorate) were applied to the soil. A set oftobacco plants were also maintained using with out anytreatment but with inoculation of nematodes which servedas control.

8 One week after treatments, about 1000 freshlyhatched 2ndstage larvae inoculated toeach tobacco plant making four holes around the plant andthen holes were closed with sterilized soil. The treatmentswere replicated three treatment detailsT1:Neem cake (NC) (30 g/plant)T2:Trichoderma viride(TV) (10 g/plant)T3:Marigold (MG)Tagetes patula4 seedlings/plantT4:Carbofuran (CF) (3 g/plant)T5:Phorate (4 g/plant)T6:NC+TV (15g+5 g/plant)T7:NC+CF (15g+5 g/plant)T8:NC+ Phorate (15+2 g/plant)T9:NC +MG (15 g+2 seedlings)T10:ControlForty five days after NEMATODE inoculation the plants werecarefully uprooted by lifting the roots, washed free of soilparticles under slow running water and were cut into smallpieces of 2 cm for counting the number of were recorded on the growth of tobaccoplants with respect to shoot height (cm), shoot weight (g), root length (cm), root weight (g), number of leaves perplant and development and multiplication of galls perplant, egg masses per ANDDISCUSSIONA mong individual treatments, the maximum shoot height,shoot weight, number of leaves ( cm, g, )

9 Were recorded in T4 carbofuran treatmentwhere as minimum shoot height, shoot weight and numberof leaves ( cm, g, respectively) wererecorded in T3 marigold treatment. Further, maximum rootlength and toot weight ( cm, g) were recordedin T4 carbofuran treatment where as minimum wasrecorded ( cm, g) in T3 marigold treatmentrespectively (Table 1). Application of carbofuran eitherindividually or in combination with neem cakesignificantly increased the plant growth parameters oftobacco plants. The results on the effectiveness ofcarbofuran in improving plant growth parameters areinaccordance with the observations made by Gowdaet.

10 Al.,(1988) who reported that tobacco roots when dipped incarbofuran 3G for 60 minutes increased the plant height, root weight and number of leaves of tobacco plantsinfested withM combination treatments, the maximum shoot height,shoot weight and number of leaves per plant ( cm, g and respectively) were recorded in neemcake+ carbofuran (T7), where as minimum ( cm, g and respectively) was recorded inneemcake + marigold (T9). Zaki and Maqbool, (1995) reportedthat carbofuran at g/kg of soil increased the freshshoot weight of tomato plants infested withM. , Bhagyarathy, (1997) showed that application ofneem cake or carbofuranwas effective in increasing theleaf yield of mulberry from 2898 kg to 5352 kg /ha.


Related search queries