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Manual for Design and Detailings of Reinforced …

Manual for Design and Detailings of Reinforced Concrete to Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004 Housing Department May 2008 (Version ) Acknowledgement We would like to express our greatest gratitude to Professor Kwan of The University of Hong Kong who has kindly and generously provided invaluable advice and information during the course of our drafting of the Manual . His advice is most important for the accuracy and completeness of contents in the Manual . Contents Page Introduction 1 Some highlighted aspects in Basis of Design 3 Beams 10 Slabs 49 Columns 68 Column Beam Joints 93 Walls 102 Corbels 116 Cantilever Structures

Manual for Design and Detailings of Reinforced Concrete to Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004 Housing Department May 2008 (Version 2.3)

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1 Manual for Design and Detailings of Reinforced Concrete to Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004 Housing Department May 2008 (Version ) Acknowledgement We would like to express our greatest gratitude to Professor Kwan of The University of Hong Kong who has kindly and generously provided invaluable advice and information during the course of our drafting of the Manual . His advice is most important for the accuracy and completeness of contents in the Manual . Contents Page Introduction 1 Some highlighted aspects in Basis of Design 3 Beams 10 Slabs 49 Columns 68 Column Beam Joints 93 Walls 102 Corbels 116 Cantilever Structures 124 Transfer Structures

2 132 Footings 137 Pile Caps 145 General Detailings 156 Design against Robustness 163 Shrinkage and Creep 168 Summary of Aspects having significant Impacts on Current practices 184 References 194 Appendices Appendix A Clause by Clause Comparison between Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004 and BS8110 Appendix B Assessment of Building Accelerations Appendix C Derivation of Basic Design Formulae of Beam sections against Flexure Appendix D Underlying Theory and Design Principles for Plate Bending Element Appendix E Moment Coefficients for three side supported Slabs Appendix F Derivation of Design Formulae for Rectangular Columns to Rigorous Stress Strain Curve

3 Of Concrete Appendix G Derivation of Design Formulae for Walls to Rigorous Stress Strain Curve of Concrete Appendix H Estimation of support stiffnesses of vertical support to transfer structures Appendix I Derivation of Formulae for Rigid Cap Analysis Appendix J Mathematical Simulation of Curves related to Shrinkage and Creep Determination 1 Version May Introduction Promulgation of the Revised Code A revised concrete code titled Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004 was formally promulgated by the Buildings Department of Hong Kong in late 2004 which serves to supersede the former concrete code titled The Structural Use of Concrete 1987.

4 The revised Code, referred to as the Code hereafter in this Manual will become mandatory by 15 December 2006, after expiry of the grace period in which both the revised and old codes can be used. Main features of the Code As in contrast with the former code which is based on working stress Design concept, the drafting of the Code is largely based on the British Standard BS8110 1997 adopting the limit state Design approach. Nevertheless, the following features of the Code in relation to Design as different from BS8110 are outlined : (a) Provisions of concrete strength up to grade 100 are included; (b) Stress strain relationship of concrete is different from that of BS8110 for various concrete grades as per previous tests on local concrete; (c) Maximum Design shear stresses of concrete (maxv) are raised; (d) Provisions of Detailings to enhance ductility are added, together with the requirements of Design in beam-column joints (Sections and respectively); (e) Criteria for dynamic analysis for tall building under wind loads are added (Clause ).

5 As most of our colleagues are familiar with BS8110, a comparison table highlighting differences between BS8110 and the Code is enclosed in Appendix A which may be helpful to designers switching from BS8110 to the Code in the Design practice. Outline of this Manual This Practical Design Manual intends to outline practice of detailed Design and Detailings of Reinforced concrete work to the Code. Detailings of individual 2 Version May 2008types of members are included in the respective sections for the types, though Section 13 in the Manual includes certain aspects in Detailings which are common to all types of members.

6 Design examples, charts are included, with derivations of approaches and formulae as necessary. Aspects on analysis are only discussed selectively in this Manual . In addition, as the Department has decided to adopt Section of the Code which is in relation to provisions for ductility for columns and beams contributing in the lateral load resisting system in accordance with Cl. of the Code, conflicts of this section with others in the Code are resolved with the more stringent ones highlighted as requirements in our structural Design . As computer methods have been extensively used nowadays in analysis and Design , the contents as related to the current popular analysis and Design approaches by computer methods are also discussed.

7 The background theory of the plate bending structure involving twisting moments, shear stresses, and Design approach by the Wood Armer Equations which are extensively used by computer methods are also included in the Appendices in this Manual for Design of slabs, flexible pile caps and footings. To make distinctions between the equations quoted from the Code and the equations derived in this Manual , the former will be prefixed by (Ceqn) and the latter by (Eqn). Unless otherwise stated, the general provisions and dimensioning of steel bars are based on high yield bars with 460=yfN/mm2. Revision as contained in Amendment No. 1 comprising major revisions including (i) exclusion of members not contributing to lateral load resisting system from ductility requirements in Cl.

8 ; (ii) rectification of 0 in the concrete stress strain curves; (iii) raising the threshold concrete grade for limiting neutral axis depths to from grade 40 to grade 45 for flexural members; (iv) reducing the x values of the simplified stress block for concrete above grade 45 are incorporated in this Manual . 3 Version May Some highlighted aspects in Basis of Design Ultimate and Serviceability Limit states The ultimate and serviceability limit states used in the Code carry the usual meaning as in BS8110. However, the new Code has incorporated an extra serviceability requirement in checking human comfort by limiting acceleration due to wind load on high-rise buildings (in Clause ).

9 No method of analysis has been recommended in the Code though such accelerations can be estimated by the wind tunnel laboratory if wind tunnel tests are conducted. Nevertheless, worked examples are enclosed in Appendix B, based on approximation of the motion of the building as a simple harmonic motion and empirical approach in accordance with the Australian Wind Code AS/NZS :2002 on which the Hong Kong Wind Code has based in deriving dynamic effects of wind loads. The relevant part of the Australian Code is Appendix G of the Australian Code. Design Loads The Code has made reference to the Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads for Buildings for determination of characteristic gravity loads for Design .

10 However, this Load Code has not yet been formally promulgated and the Amendment No. 1 has deleted such reference. At the meantime, the Design loads should be therefore taken from HKB(C)R Clause 17. Nevertheless, the designer may need to check for the updated loads by fire engine for Design of new buildings, as required by FSD. The Code has placed emphasize on Design loads for robustness which are similar to the requirements in BS8110 Part 2. The requirements include Design of the structure against a notional horizontal load equal to of the characteristic dead weight at each floor level and vehicular impact loads (Clause ). The small notional horizontal load can generally be covered by wind loads required for Design .


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