MANUAL OF NEONATAL CARE - ypeda.com

1 EditorsJohn P. Cloherty, MDAssociate Clinical ProfessorDepartment of PediatricsHarvard medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts;Associate NeonatologistNeonatology Program at HarvardBrigham and Women s HospitalBeth Israel Deaconess medical CenterChildren s Hospital BostonBoston, MassachusettsEric C. Eichenwald, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of PediatricsChief, Division of NeonatologyVice-Chair, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterChildren s Memorial Hermann HospitalHouston, TexasAnne R. Hansen, MD, MPHA ssistant ProfessorDepartment of PediatricsHarvard medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts; medical Director, NEONATAL Intensive Care UnitChildren s Hospital BostonBoston, MassachusettsAnn R.

2 Stark, MDProfessorDepartment of Pediatrics - NeonatologyBaylor College of MedicineHouston, TexasSeventh EditionMANUAL OF NEONATAL i11/02/11 2:01 PM11/02/11 2:01 PMAcquisitions Editor: Sonya SeigafuseProduct Manager: Nicole WalzVendor Manager: Bridgett DoughertySenior Manufacturing Manager: Benjamin RiveraMarketing Manager: Lisa LawrenceDesign Coordinator: Doug SmockProduction Service: Absolute Service, Composition 2012 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER business 2008 and 2004 by Lippincott Williams & WilkinsTwo Commerce Square2001 Market StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103 rights reserved.

3 This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their offi cial duties as government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned in ChinaLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataManual of NEONATAL care / editors, John P. Cloherty .. [et al.]. 7th ed.

4 P. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60831-777-6 (pbk.) 1. Neonatology Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Cloherty, John P. [DNLM: 1. Infant, Newborn, Diseases Handbooks. 2. Intensive Care, NEONATAL Handbooks. 3. Neonatology methods Handbooks. WS 39] 2012 '.01 dc232011021093 Care has been taken to confi rm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omis-sions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication.

5 Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional respon-sibility of the authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant fl ow of informa-tion relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions.

6 This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provid-ers to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet at Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6 pm, 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ii11/02/11 2:01 PM11/02/11 2:01 PMWe dedicate this editionto our spouses: Ann, Caryn, Jonathan, and Peterto our children: Maryann, David, Joan, Neil, Danny, Monica, Tom, Victoria, Anne, Tim, Zachary, Taylor, Connor, Laura, Jonah, Gregory, Oliver, Julian, and Nathalieto our grandchildren.

7 Chrissy, Elizabeth, Daniel, Patrick, John, Tom, Ryan, Catherine, Sophie, Jack, Eva, Jane, Peter, Nora, Sheila, and Jamesand to the many babies and parents we have cared iii11/02/11 2:01 PM11/02/11 2:01 iv11/02/11 2:01 PM11/02/11 2:01 PMvContributorsElisa Abdulhayoglu, MDInstructorDepartment of PediatricsHarvard medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts;NeonatologistDepartment of NeonatologyNewton-Wellesley HospitalNewton, MassachusettsSteven A. Abrams, MDProfessorDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas;Attending PhysicianDepartment of PediatricsTexas Children s HospitalHouston, TexasJames M.

8 Adams, MDProfessorDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas;Attending PhysicianNeonatologyTexas Children s HospitalHouston, TexasPankaj B. Agrawal, MD, DM, MMScInstructorDepartment of PediatricsHarvard medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts;NeonatologistChildren s Hospital BostonBoston, MassachusettsKatherine W. Altshul, MDInstructorDepartment of PediatricsHarvard medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts;Pediatric/NICU HospitalistDivision of Newborn MedicineBrigham and Women s HospitalBoston, MassachusettsDiane M. Anderson, PhD, RDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas; NEONATAL NutritionistDepartment of PediatricsTexas Children s HospitalHouston, TexasTheresa M.

9 Andrews, RN, CCRNS taff Nurse IIIN eonatal Intensive Care UnitChildren s Hospital BostonBoston, MassachusettsJohn H. Arnold, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of AnesthesiaHarvard medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts;Senior AssociateAnesthesia & Critical CareChildren s Hospital BostonBoston, MassachusettsDavid J. Askenazi, MD, MsPHAssistant ProfessorDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama;Attending PhysicianDivision of Nephrology and TransplantationChildren s Hospital of AlabamaBirmingham, AlabamaMuhammad Aslam, MDInstructorDepartment of PediatricsHarvard medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts;NeonatologistDivision of Newborn MedicineChildren s Hospital BostonBoston, v11/02/11 2:01 PM11/02/11 2:01 PMvi CONTRIBUTORSC arlos A.

10 Bacino, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas;DirectorGenetics ClinicTexas Children s HospitalHouston, TexasMandy Brown Belfort, MD, MPHI nstructorDepartment of PediatricsHarvard medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts;Attending NeonatologistDivision of Newborn MedicineChildren s Hospital BostonBoston, MassachusettsAnn M. Bergin, MB, SCMA ssistant ProfessorNeurologyHarvard medical SchoolBoston, Massachusetts;Staff PhysicianNeurologyChildren s Hospital BostonBoston, MassachusettsKushal Y. Bhakta, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Pediatrics - NeonatologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine, California;Attending NeonatologistNeonatologyChildren s Hospital of Orange CountryOrange, CaliforniaRosalind S.